While Dutch is classified as a Low Franconian language, the Dutch Low Saxon varieties, which are also defined as Dutch dialects, form a dialect continuum with the Westphalian language.

The term " Merovingian " comes from medieval Latin Merovingi or Merohingi (" sons of Merovech "), an alteration of an unattested Old West Low Franconian form, akin to their dynasty's Old English name Merewīowing, with the final-ing being a typical patronymic suffix.

Rollo is also known in the documents as Radulf ( us ) ( Old Low Franconian ) ( or sometimes Rodulf ( us )) > French Raoul, that is the French translation of Hróðulfr > Hrólfr, according to the Low Franconian variant form Radulf of Germanic Rodulf / Rudolf .</ ref >

Dialects with strong Frisian substrates, including Low German and Low Franconian, are also spoken in West Frisia.

It evolved into Old Low Franconian in the north and it was replaced step by step by Langue d ' oïl in the south.

Old Low Franconian ( also Old Low Frankish ) was a group of dialects spoken in the Low countries.

Old Low Franconian is sometimes divided in two groups, Old Dutch ( also Old West Low Franconian ) and Old East Low Franconian.

Because the two groups were so similar it is often very hard to determine whether a text is Old Dutch or Old East Low Franconian, and so most linguists will generally use Old Dutch synonymously with Old Low Franconian and most of the time do not differentiate.

Frankish * forhist is attested by Old High German forst " forest ", Middle Low German vorst " forest ", Old English fyrhþ " forest, woodland, game preserve, hunting ground " ( English frith ), and Old Norse fýri " coniferous forest ", all of which derive from Proto-Germanic * furhísa -, * furhíþija-" a fir-wood, coniferous forest ", from Proto-Indo-European * perk < sup > w </ sup > u-" a coniferous or mountain forest, wooded height ".

Soon dispute plunged the surviving brothers into a civil war that was only settled in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun, which split the Frankish realm into three parts, to become the kernels of France and Germany, with Burgundy and the Low Countries between them.

In the 7th and 8th centuries, the Frankish chronologies mention the northern Low Countries as the kingdom of the Frisians.

The Old Low Frankish influence is probably responsible for the difference between the langue d ′ oïl and the langue d ′ oc ( Occitan ) too, because different parts of Northern France were really bilingual Latin / Germanic, and that corresponds exactly to the places where the first documents in Old French were written.

First use was as the title of the rulers of Austrasia ( c. 750 ), one of the Merovingian ( Frankish ) realms resulting from the complex successions in the house of Clovis, roughly comprising Germany, Switzerland and the Low Countries.

This Frankish unity or the memory of it seems to have lasted well into the period when their range was linguistically divided between High and Low German.

Nordwestblock ), the region they lived in had become Frankish by the 3rd century, associated with the Low Franconian Salians.

Old Frankish was the language spoken by the Germanic Franks in the Low Countries and adjacent parts of contemporary France and Germany between the 4th and 8th century.

Between the 5th and 8th century, Old Frankish, as spoken by the Salian Franks, evolved into Old Dutch ( Old Low Franconian ), a language that remained spoken in the area that was originally held by the Salian Franks of the 4th century ( i. e., what is now the southern Netherlands and northern Belgium ), while in Picardy and Île-de-France it was eclipsed by Old French as the dominant language.

They essentially consider the names " Old Frankish " ( when used to refer to the language spoken by the Salian Franks ), " Old West Low Franconian " and " Old Dutch " to refer to the same language ( or set of dialects ).

In the Low Countries, this phase began when the Franks, themselves a union of multiple smaller tribes ( many of them, such as the Batavi, Chauci, Chamavi and Chattuarii, were already living in the Low Countries prior to the forming of the Frankish confederation ), began to incur the northwestern provinces of the Roman Empire.

Though the Frankish leaders controlled most of Western Europe, the Franks themselves were confined to the Northwestern part ( i. e the Low Countries and Northern France ) of the Empire.

Low Franconian settlers only came in the 12th century and 13th century when Flemish settlers ( Frankish speaking ) played an important part in draining the swamplands between the coast of Holland and Utrecht.

Analogous to the split between High and Low German is High Frankish and Low Frankish.

# Weser-Rhine Germanic ( Istvaeonic, ancestral to Low Franconian )

Behind him lay the Low Countries, where men were still completing the cathedrals that a later Florentine would describe as `` a malediction of little tabernacles, one on top of the other, with so many pyramids and spires and leaves that it is a wonder they stand up at all, for they look as though they were made of paper instead of stone or marble '' ; ;

The latest Low is a puzzler.

But there is a difference between the present volume and the early Low.

Low seems to have supported Eden at first and then relented because things worked out differently, so there is no fire in his eye.

* In Astrophysics, auto-correlation is used to study and characterize the spatial distribution of galaxies in the Universe and in multi-wavelength observations of Low Mass X-ray Binaries.

* Low brass is a copper-zinc alloy containing 20 % zinc with a light golden color and excellent ductility ; it is used for flexible metal hoses and metal bellows.

Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.

Low vision is sometimes used to describe visual acuities from 20 / 70 to 20 / 200.

Crokinole is called knipsbrat (" flick-board ") in the Low German spoken by Mennonites.

Two paintings ( both dated 1565 ) by Pieter Bruegel the Elder depict Dutch peasants curling — Scotland and the Low Countries had strong trading and cultural links during this period, which is also evident in the history of golf.

It is sometimes known as Low fantasy in contrast to High fantasy, which is primarily serious in intent and tone.

The term " Low Fantasy " is used to represent other types of fantasy, however, so while comic fantasies may also correctly be classified as low fantasy, many examples of low fantasy are not comic in nature.

* Low cost is of utmost importance.

Some have theorized it emerged from the overwhelming influence of Low German in medieval times, having flattened the originally Nordic melodic accent, but stød is absent in most southern Danish dialects where Low German impact would have been the greatest.

Often logic " 0 " will be a lower voltage and referred to as " Low " while logic " 1 " is referred to as " High ".

Low voltage reduces the specimen damage by the incident electrons and increases image contrast that is especially important for biological specimens.

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German ( initially Middle Low German, later also standard German ), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.

This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon ( Middle Low German ) during the period of German rule, and High German ( including standard German ).

The name Freyja is in fact a title meaning " lady ", from Proto-Germanic * frawjōn, cognate with West Frisian frou, Dutch vrouw, Low German Fro, Fru, German Frau.

The word is continued in German Deutsch ( meaning German ), English " Dutch ", Dutch Duits and Diets ( the latter referring to the historic name for Dutch or Middle Dutch, the former meaning German ), Italian tedesco ( meaning German ), Swedish / Danish / Norwegian tysk ( meaning German ) and Middle Low German dudesch meaning both Low German and the whole of Dutch / German / Low German, as well its descendant, modern Low German dütsch, meaning only Standard High German.