Batteries are typically connected to the bus via a battery charge regulator, and the batteries are used to provide electrical power during periods when primary power is not available, for example when a Low Earth Orbit ( LEO ) spacecraft is eclipsed by the Earth.

Menno Simons ' influence on Anabaptism in the Low Countries was so great that Baptist historian William Estep suggested that their history be divided into three periods: " before Menno, under Menno, and after Menno ".

Low Latin in this view is the Latin of the two periods in which it has the least degree of purity, or is most corrupt.

Low portions of FeO result in brighter materials, so such a ray system can retain its lighter appearance for longer periods.

There are distinct differences in the brain ’ s electrical activity during periods of wakefulness and sleep: Low voltage fast burst brain waves ( EEG desynchronization ) are associated with wakefulness and REM sleep ( which are electrophysiologically identical ); large voltage slow waves are found during non-REM sleep.

Low water levels in periods of drought are the most detrimental to sauger populations because it strands eggs during spawning and prevents larval sauger from reaching their downstream locations.

In 1902, the Aswan Low Dam was completed on the Nile River by the British.

Sehel Island, spanning 3 / 4 the width of the Nile, is the primary large island below the Nile's First Cataract and the Aswan Low Dam ( 1902 ).

Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.

Map of the Low Countries during the War of the Spanish Succession.

Students barricaded themselves inside Low Library, Hamilton Hall, and several other university buildings during the protests, and New York City police were called onto the campus to arrest or forcibly remove the students.

Two paintings ( both dated 1565 ) by Pieter Bruegel the Elder depict Dutch peasants curling — Scotland and the Low Countries had strong trading and cultural links during this period, which is also evident in the history of golf.

After completing Low and " Heroes ", Bowie spent much of 1978 on the Isolar II world tour, bringing the music of the first two Berlin Trilogy albums to almost a million people during 70 concerts in 12 countries.

In English, the terms poniard and dirk are loaned during the late 16th to early 17th century, the latter in the spelling dork, durk ( presumably via Low German, Dutch or Scandinavian dolk, dolch, ultimately from a West Slavic tulich ), the modern spelling dirk dating to 18th-century Scots.

* Middle Low German ( 14th – 16th century, during the heyday of the Hanseatic League ).

This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon ( Middle Low German ) during the period of German rule, and High German ( including standard German ).

The Low Countries were a separate political entity during the couple's reign.

Low transport costs, coupled with economies of scale also increased firm size by two-to fourfold during the second half of the nineteenth century.

After Germany invaded the Low Countries during 1940, Pius XII sent expressions of sympathy to the Queen of the Netherlands, the King of Belgium, and the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.

from Low German schmuggeln or Dutch smokkelen (=" to transport ( goods ) illegally "), apparently a frequentative formation of a word meaning " to sneak " most likely entered the English Language during the 1600-1700s < sup ></ sup >

Benjamin Péret, Mary Low and Juan Breá joined the POUM during the Spanish Civil War.

Following public concern, the U. S. Defense department was ordered by the 9th Circuit Court to strictly limit use of its Low Frequency Active Sonar during peacetime.

* The prosperity of Roman Britain declines during this period as the Germanic tribes of the Franks and Saxons, whose homelands are in Friesland and the Low Countries, make raids around the southeast coast.

Mecklenburg however is within the historical Low German language area, and the " c " appeared in its name during the period of transition to Standard, i. e. High German usage ( Low German authors wrote the name Meklenborg or Męklenborg, depicting proper Low German pronunciation, which itself was a syncope of Middle Low German Mekelenborg ).

Low or moderate inflation may be attributed to fluctuations in real demand for goods and services, or changes in available supplies such as during scarcities, as well as to growth in the money supply.

Low rents in the city's periphery, during the two decades after the Second World War ( 1939 – 1945 ), provoked continuous diversions of city housing capital for the development of suburbs and rural areas.

The parts of the County of Flanders stretching out west of the river Scheldt ( Schelde in Dutch, Escaut in French ) became part of France during the Middle Ages, but the remainders of the County of Flanders and the Low Countries were part of the Holy Roman Empire.

Low Bradfield was the first populated place to be flooded by the Great Sheffield Flood when the Dale Dyke Dam broke on March 11th, 1864.

As early as the 11th century, different forms of Carolingian were already being used, and by the mid-12th century, a clearly distinguishable form, able to be written more quickly to meet the demand for new books, was being used in northeastern France and the Low Countries.

The medieval cities of the Low Countries, who experienced major growth during the 11th and 12th century, were instrumental in breaking down the already relatively loose local form of feudalism.

From the fourteenth century, the technique in which panels of wet leather were shaped over wooden moulds, painted, then oil-gilded and lacquered, reached Flanders and Brabant in the Low Countries.

Grandiose imperial desires to turn back the French expansion to the Rhine which had occurred since the middle decades of the seventeenth century were not realized, nor was the French border pushed back in the Low Countries.

With the decline of the Holy Roman emperors ' power starting in the 13th century, the Low Countries were largely left to their own devices.

A few towns in the Low Countries dated back to Roman times, but most had been founded from the 9th century onward.

In Dutch, a distinction still exists between on the one hand ' de Nederlanden ' ( plural, the Low Countries ) and ' Nederland ' ( singular, the present-day state of the Netherlands ) that is a consequence of this separation in the 17th century.

The Low Countries were the scene of the early northern towns, newbuilt rather than developed from ancient centres, that mark the reawakening of Europe in the 12th century.

By the end of the 8th century, the Low Countries formed a part of Francia and the Merovingians were replaced by the Carolingian dynasty.

In the following century the " Low Countries " corresponded roughly to the Seventeen Provinces covered by the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, which freed the provinces from their archaic feudal obligations.

Companies in England and the Low Countries followed in the 16th century.

Until the 16th century, the Low Countries – roughly now corresponding to Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg – consisted of a number of duchies, counties and bishoprics, most of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire.

By the middle decades of the 20th century, composers like Henry Cowell, Earle Brown, David Tudor, La Monte Young, Jackson Mac Low, Morton Feldman, Sylvano Bussotti, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and George Crumb, re-introduced improvisation to classical music, with compositions that allowed or even required musicians to improvise.

The Seventeen Provinces were a personal union of states in the Low Countries in the 15th century and 16th century, roughly covering the current Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, a good part of the North of France ( Artois, French Flanders ), and a small part of Western Germany.

Similarly, the Scandinavian Tjodrik is attested for the 12th century, but it is replaced by the Low German forms Ditrik, Dirk in the late medieval period.

The Bourse opened in 1309 ( most likely the first stock exchange in the world ) and developed into the most sophisticated money market of the Low Countries in the 14th century.

In the 15th century a new golden era began with the founding of the by now largest and oldest university in the Low Countries, the Catholic University of Leuven, in 1425.

The use of bells in a musical fashion originated in the 16th century in the Low Countries.

During the greater part of the 15th century, the centres in which the painters of the Low Countries most congregated were Tournai, Bruges, Ghent and Brussels.

However, parts of the county had long been known as retreats, including the " Little Charleston " of Flat Rock in which South Carolina's Low Country planter families had maintained second homes since the early 19th century.

The Low Parks Museum is housed in what was a 16th century inn and a staging post for journeys between Glasgow and Edinburgh.

The cathedral there, a musical center until the 17th century, had one of the most active musical establishments in the Low Countries ; many composers of the Burgundian School either grew up and learned their craft there, or returned to teach.