The INGKA Group ( not to be confused with INGKA Holding B. V .) is the biggest franchisee of Inter IKEA Systems B. V. Inter IKEA Systems B. V. is not owned by INGKA Holding B. V., but by Inter IKEA Holding S. A. registered in Luxembourg, which in turn is controlled by the Interogo Foundation in Liechtenstein.

In 1635 and 1636 his forays extended into Lorraine and Luxembourg, after which he projected an expedition into the heart of France.

) Dalglish's final appearance for Scotland, after 15 years as a full international, was on 12 November 1986 at Hampden Park in a Euro 1988 qualifying game against Luxembourg, which Scotland won 3 – 0.

After the Eighty Years ' War, Luxembourg became a part of the Southern Netherlands, which passed to the Austrian line of the Habsburg dynasty in 1713.

Although these treaties greatly reduced Luxembourg's territory, they increased Luxembourg's independence, which was confirmed after the Luxembourg Crisis in 1867.

Prussia and Orange-Nassau made the following exchange deal: Prussia received the Principality of Orange-Nassau, which included the ancestral lands of Nassau in Central Germany ; the Prince of Orange in turn received Luxembourg.

It was not until 1867 that Luxembourg's independence was formally ratified, after a turbulent period which even included a brief time of civil unrest against plans to annex Luxembourg to Belgium, Germany or France.

It involved competition between France and Prussia over control of Luxembourg, which had become free of German control when the German Confederation was abolished at the end of the Seven Weeks War in 1866.

William III, king of the Netherlands, which still had sovereignty over Luxembourg, was willing to sell the grand duchy to France's Emperor Napoleon III in order to retain Limbourg but backed out when Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck expressed opposition.

Although continuity prevailed on the political level, the war caused social upheaval, which laid the foundation for the first trades union in Luxembourg.

Although in the early years of the 21st century Luxembourg enjoyed one of the highest GNP per capita in the world, this was mainly due to the strength of its financial sector, which gained importance at the end of the 1960s.

In the context of the Cold War, Luxembourg clearly opted for the West by joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) in 1949, thus renouncing its traditional neutrality, which had determined its international policy since the founding of the state.

In fact, the linguistic situation in Luxembourg was characterized by trilinguilism: Lëtzebuergesch was the spoken vernacular language, German the written language, in which Luxembourgers were most fluent, and French the language of official letters and law.

The capital, and by far the largest city, is Luxembourg City, which is located in the Gutland, as are most of the country's main population centres, including Esch-sur-Alzette, Dudelange, and Differdange.

Besides Luxembourg City, the other main towns are primarily located in the southern Red Lands region, which lines the border between Luxembourg and France to the south.

Vineyards in the Moselle Valley annually produce about 15 million litres of dry white wine, most of which is consumed within Luxembourg and also in Germany, France, and Belgium on a lesser scale.

The Luxembourg Army was integrated into the Force Publique ( Public Force ) which included the Gendarmerie and the Police.

On 8 January 1817, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg, William I published a constitutional law governing the organization of a Militia, the main provisions of which were to remain in force until the Militia was abolished in 1881.

The army of Luxembourg has four main combat formations which come under the control of the Centre Militaire ( Military center ), located in the barracks " Caserne Grand-Duc Jean " in the town of Diekirch.

In the same year, the participating countries ( Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, West Germany, the United Kingdom, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United States ) signed an accord establishing a master financial-aid-coordinating agency, the Organization for European Economic Cooperation ( later called the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD ), which was headed by Frenchman Robert Marjolin.

The Netherlands ' postwar customs union with Belgium and Luxembourg ( the Benelux group ) paved the way for the formation of the European Community ( precursor to the EU ), of which the Netherlands was a founding member.

Examples include the flags of Monaco and of Indonesia, which differ only slightly in proportion ; of the Netherlands and of Luxembourg, which differ in proportion as well as in the tint of blue used ; and of Romania and of Chad, which differ only in the tint of blue.

The High German languages ( in German, Hochdeutsche Sprachen ) or the High German dialects ( Hochdeutsche Mundarten / Dialekte ) are any of the varieties of standard German, Luxembourgish and Yiddish, as well as the local German dialects spoken in central and southern Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Luxembourg and in neighboring portions of Belgium and the Netherlands ( Ripuarian dialects in southeast Limburg ), France ( Alsace and northern Lorraine ), Italy, Denmark, and Poland.

On 10 May 1940, Ribbentrop summoned the Dutch, Belgian and Luxembourg ambassadors to present them with notes justifying the German invasion of their countries, several hours after the Germans had invaded those nations.

The fortress, ancestral seat of the medieval Luxembourgers, was taken over by Prussian forces, following Napoleon's defeat, and Luxembourg became a member of the German Confederation with Prussia responsible for its defense.

This loss left the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg a predominantly German state, although French cultural influence remained strong.

Famous visitors to Luxembourg in the 18th and 19th centuries included the German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the French writers Emile Zola and Victor Hugo, the composer Franz Liszt, and the English painter Joseph Mallord William Turner.

The then civilian administrator of Luxembourg, Gauleiter Gustav Simon had declared conscription necessary to support the German war effort.

During the Ardennes Offensive ( Battle of the Bulge ) German troops took back most of northern Luxembourg for a few weeks.

Following the occupation of Luxembourg by Germany on the 10 May 1940, recruitment for the Company of Volunteers continued until the 4 December 1940 when they were moved to Weimar in Germany to be trained as German police.

Luxembourg remained under German control during the war.

* August 30 – Luxembourg is formally annexed to the German Reich.

There are two major variations on the Wilhelmus, namely the royal anthem of Luxembourg ( called " De Wilhelmus ") and the song " Das Treuelied ", German for " the song of loyalty ".

John the Blind ( Luxembourgish: < span lang =" lb "> Jang de Blannen </ span >; German: < span lang =" de "> Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg </ span >; Czech: < span lang =" cz "> Jan Lucemburský </ span >) ( 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346 ) was the Count of Luxembourg from 1309 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland.

He was the third Bohemian and second German monarch of the Luxembourg dynasty.

By his second wife, Barbara of Celje, he left an only daughter, Elisabeth of Luxembourg, who was married to Albert V, duke of Austria ( later German king as Albert II ) whom Sigismund named as his successor.

On the basis of that speech, France, Italy, the Benelux countries ( Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg ) together with West Germany signed the Treaty of Paris ( 1951 ) creating the European Coal and Steel Community the following year ; this took over the role of the International Authority for the Ruhr and lifted some restrictions on German industrial productivity.

In late 1944, the German army launched a last-ditch offensive across Belgium, Luxembourg, and northeastern France, popularly known as the Battle of the Bulge, nominally led by German Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt.

This area roughly stretches from French Gravelines and Dunkirk at its southwestern point, to the area of Dutch Delfzijl and German Eastern Frisia at its northeastern point, and to Luxembourg and French Thionville in the southeast.

** Luxembourg — no voltage change at the border ( the line Arlon-Luxembourg is at 3 kV DC and the line Gouvy-Luxembourg is at 25 kV AC )

This combination first appeared in 1949, and is ascribed to Gustave Tops, a Belgian barman, who created it at the Hotel Metropole in Brussels in honor of Perle Mesta, then U. S. ambassador to Luxembourg.

In such cases it is the prime minister who holds the day-to-day powers of governance, while the King or Queen ( or other monarch, such as a Grand Duke, in the case of Luxembourg, or Prince in the case of Monaco and Liechtenstein ) retains only residual ( but not always minor ) powers.

Additional evidence is given by one inscription on a metal plaque from Steinsel-Rëlent in Luxembourg, in the territory of the Celtic Treveri.

* 1408 – The Order of the Dragon a monarchical chivalric order is created by Sigismund of Luxembourg, then King of Hungary.

Turnout in 2009 stood at 43 % of all European voters, ranging from 90 % in Luxembourg and Belgium ( where compulsory voting is used ) to 20 % in Slovakia.

The Secretariat of the European Parliament, the Parliament's administrative body, is based in Luxembourg.

Active voluntary euthanasia is legal in Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

Support is greatest in Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain and Ireland, with about 70 %– 80 % thinking that membership is a good thing.

Trust is highest in Slovakia, Belgium, Malta, Denmark, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Luxembourg ; it is lowest in the UK ( 22 %) and Latvia ( 40 %).

The European Investment Fund, established in 1994, is a European Union agency for the provision of finance to SMEs ( small and medium-sized enterprises ), headquartered in Luxembourg.

Éisleker Ham or Jambon d ' Oesling is a speciality from the Oesling region in the north of Luxembourg.

In Luxembourg, hydrocodone is available by prescription under name Biocodone.

Inter IKEA Systems is owned by Inter IKEA Holding, a company registered in Luxembourg.

The company responsible for this liquidation traces back to the Interogo Foundation in Liechtenstein Ingvar Kamprad has confirmed that this foundation owns Inter IKEA Holding S. A. in Luxembourg and is controlled by the Kamprad family.

* 1346 – Charles IV of Luxembourg is elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

The history of Luxembourg is inherently entwined with the histories of surrounding countries, peoples, and ruling dynasties.

Although recorded Luxembourgian history dates back to Roman times, the history of Luxembourg proper is considered to begin in 963.

In the territory now covered by the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, there is evidence of primitive inhabitants right back to the Paleolithic or old stone age over 35, 000 years ago.