The term was first used in a scientific context by Charles Lyell in the third edition ( 1851 ) of his book Elements of Geology in relation to missing parts of the geological column, but it was popularized in its present meaning by its appearance on page xi of his book Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man of 1863.

This Principal of Cross-Cutting Relationships, usually attributed to the 19th century geologist Charles Lyell, is a basic logic tool used by geologists to build relative sequence and history of events when investigating a region.

* The Pictorial Catalogue ; mural decoration in libraries: the Lyell Lectures, Oxford 1972-1973 by André Masson ( Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981 ) deals with the systems used in early modern European libraries.

" Just as naturalists regarded facts “ through the colored spectacles of Darwin and Lyell " Creationists used the Bible to interpret the natural world.

Lyell saw a " law of succession " with mammals being replaced by their own kind on each continent, and on 17 February used his presidential address at the Geographical Society to present Owen's findings to date on Darwin's fossils, pointing out this inference that extinct species were related to current species in the same locality.

Lyell used his after-dinner speech at the meeting to give guarded support to Darwin's theory in which he gave a " confession of faith as to the Origin ", and said that he " had been forced to give up my old faith without thoroughly seeing my way to a new one.

Lyell used the book to reverse or modify his own long-held positions on all three issues.

The book drew sharp criticism from two of Lyell's younger colleagues – paleontologist Hugh Falconer and archaeologist John Lubbock – who felt that Lyell had used their work too freely and acknowledged it too sparingly.

Mount Lyell was also the operator of the Queenstown to Regatta Point railway from 1893 to 1963, which used the Abt rack system of cog railway for steep sections.

It was the nearest community to the 1912 North Mount Lyell Disaster and was used as a base by company officials attending to this disaster.

Robert Fitz Roy had previously given Darwin a book by Charles Lyell on Principles of Geology which used the paradym that the key to the past is the present and that led to the interpretation of present geology in the light of slow and gradual processes.

Although Darwin discussed evolutionary ideas with him from 1842, Lyell continued to reject evolution in each of the first nine editions of the Principles.

Lyell and Hooker were instrumental in arranging the peaceful co-publication of the theory of natural selection by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in 1858: each had arrived at the theory independently.

Early in 1842, Darwin wrote about his ideas to Lyell, who noted that his ally " denies seeing a beginning to each crop of species ".

From 1830 to 1833, the geologist and clergyman Sir Charles Lyell released a three volume publication called Principles of Geology, which developed Hutton's ideas of uniformitarianism, and in the second volume set out a gradualist variation of creation beliefs in which each species had its " centre of creation " and was designed for the habitat, but would go extinct when the habitat changed.

Lyell, dismayed that his erstwhile ally had become a Transmutationist, noted that Darwin " denies seeing a beginning to each crop of species ".

Darwin made his views clearer to others, telling Lyell that if each step in evolution was providentially planned, the whole procedure would be a miracle and natural selection superfluous.

Lyell's wife died in 1873, and two years later Lyell himself died as he was revising the twelfth edition of Principles.

Lyell asked Robert FitzRoy, captain of HMS Beagle, to search for erratic boulders on the survey voyage of the Beagle, and just before it set out FitzRoy gave Darwin Volume 1 of the first edition of Lyell's Principles.

He encouraged Darwin to publish, and following the 1859 publication of On the Origin of Species, Lyell finally offered a tepid endorsement of evolution in the tenth edition of Principles.

Elements of Geology began as the fourth volume of the third edition of Principles: Lyell intended the book to act as a suitable field guide for students of geology.

In the second volume of the first edition of Principles Lyell explicitly rejected the mechanism of Lamark on the transmutation of species, and was doubtful whether species were mutable.

He responded to Wallace's enquiry about what Lyell thought of the theory by saying that " I think he is somewhat staggered, but does not give in and speaks with horror what a job it would be for the next edition of " The Principles " Geology if he were " perverted ".

Lyell made arrangements with the publisher John Murray, who had brought out the second edition of The Voyage of the Beagle.

Charles Lyell had thoroughly criticized Lamarck's ideas in the second edition of his monumental work Principles of Geology.

The company has been significant in Australian business history works as Geoffrey Blainey, the Australian historian, began his career with the writing of the company history The Peaks of Lyell, which has now progressed to its sixth edition.

Others, including Charles Lyell and Alfred Russel Wallace, thought that humans shared a common ancestor with apes, but higher mental faculties could not have evolved through a purely material process.

In 1996, the Scott Report directly criticised Lyell as Attorney General for trying to obtain a " gagging order " to prevent the disclosure of secret documents concerning machine tool and material supply to Baghdad.

John Lubbock, a young but rising scientific star and a member of Darwin's inner circle, charged that Lyell had incorporated large amounts of material that Lubbock had published in articles and was then reworking into a book of his own.

Lyell saw himself as " the spiritual saviour of geology, freeing the science from the old dispensation of Moses.

* 1830 – Sir Charles Lyell publishes book, Principles of Geology, which describes the world as being several hundred million years old

Further on in time, the West Coast Wilderness Railway-the reconstruction of the old Mount Lyell Abt Railway between Queenstown and Regatta point, was mainly financed by compensation funds allocated to the Tasmanian Government for the " loss " of the Franklin River or Gordon River dams.

The small timber mill community adjacent to the old alignment of the Lyell Highway was submerged, as was a significant portion of the old railway alignment of the North Mount Lyell Railway between Linda and Pillinger.

Lyell was 29 years old, and a temporary captain in the 1st Battalion, Scots Guards, British Army during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

It was held from 1983 to 1997 by the former Attorney General Sir Nicholas Lyell, who then transferred to the newly created seat of North East Bedfordshire ; his old seat was won by Jonathan Sayeed, a former MP in Bristol in the 1980s.

On the eastern side of the shoulder was the old North Mount Lyell workings, where the 1912 North Mount Lyell Disaster occurred.

Although Blainey covers the details of the disaster in The Peaks of Lyell, writing 40 years after the event, there were still variations upon the " official " versions of the event, amongst " old timers " in Queenstown.

The British naturalist Charles Darwin, combining the biogeographical approach of Humboldt, the uniformitarian geology of Lyell, Thomas Malthus's writings on population growth, and his own morphological expertise, created a more successful evolutionary theory based on natural selection ; similar evidence led Alfred Russel Wallace to independently reach the same conclusions.

The problem was investigated by Michael Faraday and Charles Lyell i at the colliery at Haswell County Durham of 1844, but their conclusions were ignored at the time.

His studies on the relations of the fossil to the recent species led him as early as 1829 to conclusions somewhat similar to those arrived at by Lyell, to whom Deshayes rendered much assistance in connection with the classification of the Tertiary system into Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene.

Lyell uncomfortably joked that from " Lamarck's view " this gave a long time " for their tails to wear off ", but Darwin was beginning to look at these " wonderful " fossils in an evolutionary light.