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MAC and can
Encryption, by itself, can protect the confidentiality of messages, but other techniques are still needed to protect the integrity and authenticity of a message ; for example, verification of a message authentication code ( MAC ) or a digital signature.
In fact, IEEE 802 splits the OSI Data Link Layer into two sub-layers named Logical Link Control ( LLC ) and Media Access Control ( MAC ), so that the layers can be listed like this:
Interfaces can have addresses based on the MAC address of the machine ( the EUI-64 format ), but this is not a requirement.
At the MAC layer, VLAN IEEE 802. 1Q and IEEE 802. 1p can be used to carry essentially the same information.
At the Media Access Control ( MAC ) layer, VLAN IEEE 802. 1Q and IEEE 802. 1p can be used to carry essentially the same information as used by DiffServ.
For example, in order to perform digital filters fast enough, the MAC instruction in a typical digital signal processor ( DSP ) must be implemented using a kind of Harvard architecture that can fetch an instruction and two data words simultaneously, and it requires a single-cycle multiply – accumulate multiplier.
Another is infection with Mycobacterium avium complex ( MAC ), a group of bacteria related to tuberculosis, which can cause a lot of lung damage and does not respond to common antibiotics.
The earliest work directed toward standardizing an approach toward provision of mandatory and discretionary access controls ( MAC and DAC ) within a UNIX ( more precisely, POSIX ) computing environment can be attributed to the National Security Agency's Trusted UNIX ( TRUSIX ) Working Group, which met from 1987 to 1991 and published one Rainbow Book (# 020A ) and produced a formal model and associated evaluation evidence prototype (# 020B ) that was ultimately unpublished.
To give a characteristic figure which can be compared among various wing shapes, the mean aerodynamic chord, or MAC, is used.
A fast Ethernet adapter can be logically divided into a Media Access Controller ( MAC ) which deals with the higher level issues of medium availability and a Physical Layer Interface ( PHY ).
It is used by the majority of enterprises with more than 500 employees, and can implement mandatory access control ( MAC ) or discretionary access control ( DAC ).
This redirection can occur in one of two ways: GRE Tunneling ( OSI Layer 3 ) or MAC rewrites ( OSI Layer 2 ).
This can be done using the MAC ( Machine Access Control ) addresses from Bluetooth devices, or using the RFID serial numbers from Electronic Toll Collection ( ETC ) transponders ( also called " toll tags ").
With a VLAN Management Policy Server ( VMPS ), an administrator can assign switch ports to VLANs dynamically based on information such as the source MAC address of the device connected to the port or the username used to log onto that device.
As the Ethertype in an Ethernet II framing formatted frame is used to multiplex different protocols on top of the Ethernet MAC header it can be seen as LLC identifier.
Some non-IEEE 802 protocols can be thought of as being split into MAC and LLC layers.
For example, while HDLC specifies both MAC functions ( framing of packets ) and LLC functions ( protocol multiplexing, flow control, detection, and error control through a retransmission of dropped packets when indicated ), some protocols such as Cisco HDLC can use HDLC-like packet framing and their own LLC protocol.
Via look-ahead peeking in streams, the 16-bit EtherType can help to confirm or package a QinQ 32 + 32 + 16 = 80 bit Header between the 48-bit MAC addresses and the payload.
In some networks, such as IEEE 802 local area networks, the data link layer is described in more detail with media access control ( MAC ) and logical link control ( LLC ) sublayers ; this means that the IEEE 802. 2 LLC protocol can be used with all of the IEEE 802 MAC layers, such as Ethernet, token ring, IEEE 802. 11, etc., as well as with some non-802 MAC layers such as FDDI.
However, it's sometimes ineffective because a MAC address can be faked.
* Using a message digest enhanced with a key ( so only a key-holder can check the MAC ).
The control can also detect the presence of a receiver, which allows direct communication and MAC synchronization.

MAC and RBAC
The three most widely recognized models are Discretionary Access Control ( DAC ), Mandatory Access Control ( MAC ), and Role Based Access Control ( RBAC ).
RBAC is a flexible access control technology whose flexibility allows it to implement DAC or MAC.
Prior to the development of RBAC, the Bell-LaPadula model ( BLP ) model was synonymous with MAC and file system permissions were synonymous with DAC.
RSBAC has historically be the first Linux complete RBAC and MAC access control patch.
** grsecurity is a complete security solution providing such features as a MAC or RBAC system, chroot restrictions, address space modification protection ( via PaX ), auditing features, randomization features, linking restrictions to prevent file race conditions, ipc protections and much more.
* grsecurity is a patch for the Linux kernel providing a MAC implementation ( precisely, it is a RBAC implementation ).

MAC and if
The NIC wakes the system only if the MAC address and password are correct.
This security measure significantly decreases the risk of successful brute force attacks, by increasing the search space by 48 bits ( 6 bytes ), up to 2 < sup > 96 </ sup > combinations if the MAC address is entirely unknown.
If two bridges have equal priority then the MAC addresses are compared ; for example, if switches A ( MAC = 0200. 0000. 1111 ) and B ( MAC = 0200. 0000. 2222 ) both have a priority of 32768 then switch A will be selected as the root bridge.
The game currently matches a team from the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ), usually the conference's champion unless that team either qualifies for the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) ( an exception was made for Hawai ' i, who has an automatic tie-in with the Hawai ' i Bowl if it does not qualify for the BCS, until they left the WAC in 2012 ), with one from the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) and is televised nationally on the ESPN family of networks.
Fano decided to call MAC a " project " rather than a " laboratory " for reasons of internal MIT politics — if MAC had been called a laboratory, then it would have been more difficult to raid other MIT departments for research staff.
Frames are addressed to reach every computer on a given LAN segment if they are addressed to MAC address < tt > FF: FF: FF: FF: FF: FF </ tt >.
This means that even if an attacker has access to an oracle which possesses the secret key and generates MACs for messages of the attacker's choosing, the attacker cannot guess the MAC for other messages ( which were not used to query the oracle ) without performing infeasible amounts of computation.
Conversely, MAC algorithms are designed to produce matching MACs only if the same message, secret key and initialization vector are input to the same algorithm.
Targeted collisions do not typically become easier if a padding scheme is absent, but other domain-specific problems may arise: cryptographic hash functions used in other constructions such as Message authentication codes cause the MAC to be completely broken if they are extendable.
The office's hosts will send packets addressed to IPs within this range directly, by resolving the destination IP address into a MAC address through an ARP sequence ( if not already known through the host's ARP cache ) and then enveloping the IP packet into a layer 2 ( MAC ) packet addressed to the destination host.
They rely on the MAC: port tuple as a method of tracing a packet back ( even if the MAC address has been spoofed ).
* ISP-always-on: Unique identifiers, MAC address ( if kept ), ADSL end points, IP tunnel address
If unconditional guarantees of security are needed, and if it is impractical for the communicating parties to arrange to share a secret that can be used in a Carter – Wegman MAC, this technique might one day be faster than classical techniques given a quantum computer with 5 to 10 qubits.
One example of such an environment is one in which MAC security is enabled on switches and another example is an environment in which Altiris products are used ( if configured to use the MAC address as the UID ).
* WiFi connections are no longer locked to a specific MAC address if they are " locally administered " addresses ( ie, 02 :::::)
The MAC address is the IP address's MAC address if the destination's subnet is directly connected to the router, or is the MAC address of the router that the packet needs to be sent to if the destination's subnet is not directly connected to the router currently processing the packet.

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