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Macedonia was the economic heart of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans throughout centuries until its fall in 1913.
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Macedonia and was
Alexander of Pherae, prepared to meet his enemy in Macedonia, but the king anticipated him, and, reaching Larissa, was admitted into the city.
In the east the Empire was overrun by the Seljuk Turks ; from the north Bulgarians and Vlachs descended unchecked to ravage the plains of Macedonia and Thrace, and Kaloyan of Bulgaria annexed several important cities, while Alexios squandered the public treasure on his palaces and gardens and attempted to deal with the crisis through diplomatic means.
Amphipolis (: Amphípolis ) was an ancient Greek city in the region once inhabited by the Edoni people in the present-day region of Central Macedonia.
In 148 BC, in what the Romans called the Fourth Macedonian War, he was defeated by the Roman praetor Q. Caecilius Metellus ( 148 ) at the Second Battle of Pydna, and fled to Thrace, whose prince gave him up to Rome, thus marking the final end to Andriskos ' reign of Macedonia.
Andriscus's brief reign over Macedonia was marked by cruelty and extortion.
After this Macedonia was formally reduced to a Roman province.
Having in mind the bad condition of the forest fund, and in particular the catastrophic wildfires which occurred in the summer of 2007, a citizen's initiative for afforestation was started in the Republic of Macedonia.
There are accounts of a son of Ares, Cycnus ( Κύκνος ) of Macedonia, who was so murderous that he tried to build a temple with the skulls and the bones of travellers.
Rome declared war on Perseus in 171 BC and after the Macedonian army was crushed at the Battle of Pydna ( 168 BC ), Macedonia was split up into 4 Roman puppet-cantons ( 167 BC ).
The man selected for the task was Marcus Licinius Crassus, grandson of Crassus the triumvir and an experienced general at 33 years of age, who was appointed proconsul of Macedonia in 29 BC.
Bulgaria was dissatisfied over the division of the spoils in Macedonia, made in secret by its former allies, Serbia and Greece, and attacked them.
From 1904, there was low intensity warfare in Macedonia between the Greek and Bulgarian bands and the Ottoman army ( the Struggle for Macedonia ).
Bulgaria's policy was that the agreement would limit Serbia's access to Macedonia, while at the same time Bulgaria could take as much as its army could regardless of Greek wishes.
After the end of the operations in Thrace — and confirming Greek concerns — Bulgaria was not satisfied with the territory it controlled in Macedonia and immediately asked Greece to relinquish its control over Thessaloniki and the land north of Pieria, effectively handing over all Aegean Macedonia.
On the next day, much of the land army as had not escaped to their own lands submitted or were followed in their retreat to Macedonia and forced to surrender, and Antony's camp was occupied.
In the 1994 edition, the name of the entry was changed to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, as it is officially recognised by the United Nations ( awaiting for the resolution of the Macedonia naming dispute ).
Finally, in the 2004 edition of the Factbook, the name of the entry was changed back to Macedonia, following a November 2004 US decision to refer to the country using this name, even though the official appelation of the republic within the UN remains FYROM.
This move to torsion springs was likely spurred by the engineers of Philip II of Macedonia.
Whereas Socrates was eventually put on trial and executed as a corrupting influence, Euripides chose a voluntary exile in old age, dying in Macedonia.
It is said that he died in Macedonia after being attacked by the Molossian hounds of King Archelaus and that his cenotaph near Piraeus was struck by lightningsigns of his unique powers, whether for good or ill ( according to one modern scholar, his death might have been caused instead by the harsh Macedonian winter ).
Macedonia and economic
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Republic of Macedonia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populous, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Macedonia is vulnerable to economic developments in Europe-due to strong banking and trade ties-and dependent on regional integration and progress toward EU membership for continued economic growth.
In the wake of the global economic downturn, Macedonia has experienced decreased foreign direct investment, lowered credit availability, and a large trade deficit.
Macedonia ’ s external trade struggled in 2010 due to the slow recovery from the economic crisis of its main trading partners, particularly EU members.
Macedonia has the best economic freedom in the region, according to the 2012 Index of Economic Freedom, released in January, 2012 by the conservative U. S. think tank Heritage Foundation and the Wall Street Journal.
Since the out break of the Syrian civil war, the Syrian economy has been hit by massive economic sanctions restricting trade with the Arab League, Australia, Canada, the European Union, ( as well as the European countries of Albania, Croatia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, and Switzerland ) Georgia, Japan, Turkey, and the United States.
Miroslav Grčev and was adopted on 5 October 1995 after a one-year economic blockade imposed by Greece in order to force the Republic of Macedonia to remove the ancient Macedonian Vergina Sun from the flag.
After the fall of the Iron Curtain and the economic and political barriers that followed, central and eastern European countries with local mushroom harvesting traditions, such as Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia, developed into exporters of porcini, concentrating primarily on the Italian market.
Papandreou, cleared of charges arising from the Bank of Crete scandal in a 7 – 6 vote at the Eidiko Dikastirio ( Special Court ), criticised Mitsotakis's government for its economic policies, for not taking a sufficiently strict position over the naming dispute with the newly independent former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, as well as over Cyprus, and for being too pro-American.
In economic terms Tetovo is one of the most developing cities in Macedonia with some multinational companies ( Ecolog International, Renova, Zikoprom ) being located in this town.
* Bulgarian Historical Archive with over 1. 5 million documents under 700 separate archives covering the work of Bulgarian revolutionaires, economic, cultural and public people from the 18th until the beginning of the 20th century, as well as the history of the independence struggle in Macedonia and Eastern Thrace ( see History of Bulgaria ).
Melas, with the cooperation of his brother-in-law Ion Dragoumis, the consul of Greece in the then Ottoman occupied Monastir ( now Bitola ), Christos Kottas, and Germanos Karavangelis, metropolitan bishop of Kastoria, tried to raise money for the economic support of Greek efforts in Macedonia.
The significant changes in the Bulgarian society, the freedom of economic initiative and religious choice led to the formation of the Bulgarian nation in its ethnic borders and common territory embracing the lands of Moesia ( including Dobruja ), Thrace and Macedonia.
The area of the municipality and its center Štrpce have a relatively favorable location in comparison to other cities and administrative, economic centers of Kosovo, as well as the north and northwest part of Macedonia.
The Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia (,, Demokratska Partija na Srbite vo Makedonija ( DPSM )) is a political party representing the interests of Serbs in the Republic of Macedonia as well as other political, social and economic issues.
At present, University of Skopje is carried out in the spirit of the 1991 Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia, which incorporated the social, economic and political changes that had taken place after Macedonia proclaimed its independence from the Former Yugoslav Federate State.
The inscriptions demonstrate that Hellenism in Upper Macedonia was at a high economic, artistic, and cultural level by the 6th century BC, overturning the notion that Upper Macedonia was culturally and socially isolated from the rest of ancient Greece.
From the 6th century, Macedonian burials became particularly lavish, displaying a rich variety of Greek imports, reflecting the incorporation of Macedonia into a wider economic and political network centred on the Aegean city-states.
The reign of Augustus began a long period of peace, prosperity and wealth for Macedonia, although its importance in the economic standing of the Roman world diminished when compared to its neighbor, Asia Minor.
Macedonia and heart
Situated in the heart of Macedonia ’ s wine country, it is home to the largest winery in south-eastern Europe, named after the Tikveš plain.
Macedonia and Ottoman
Bulgaria, which had secured Ottoman recognition of her independence in April 1909 and enjoyed the friendship of Russia, also looked to districts of Ottoman Thrace and Macedonia for expansion.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Bulgaria and Greece contended for Ottoman Macedonia and Thrace.
Bulgaria, which had secured Ottoman recognition of her independence in April 1909 and enjoyed the friendship of Russia, also looked to districts of Ottoman Thrace and Macedonia.
The Byzantine Empire ultimately fell to Ottoman Turks in the 15th century and as a result Ottoman colonies were established in the Balkans, notably in Macedonia, the Peloponnese and Crete.
This was called the Great Idea ( Megali Idea ), and it was sustained by almost continuous rebellions against Ottoman rule in Greek-speaking territories, particularly Crete, Thessaly and Macedonia.
Nationalist sentiment among Greeks in the Ottoman Empire continued to grow, and by the 1890s there were constant disturbances in Macedonia.
In retrospect, it would appear that the Ottoman staffs believed that the Greek attack would be shared equally between the two major avenues of approach, Macedonia and Epirus.
The 2nd Army staff had therefore evenly balanced the combat strength of the seven Ottoman divisions between the Yanya Corps and VIII Corps, in Epirus and southern Macedonia respectively.
The Ottoman forces estimated that 15, 000 officers and men had been killed during the campaign in south Macedonia, bringing total losses up to 41, 000 soldiers.
In western Macedonia however, the lack of coordination between the Greek and Serbian HQs cost the Greeks a setback in the Battle of Vevi on, when the Greek 5th Infantry Division crossed its way with the VI Ottoman Corps ( a part of the Vardar Army consisting of the 16th, 17th and 18th Nizamiye divisions ), retreating to Albania following the battle of Prilep against the Serbs.
On 5 November, Major Spyros Spyromilios led a revolt in the coastal area of Himarë and expelled the Ottoman garrison without facing significant resistance, while on 20 November Greek troops from western Macedonia entered Korçë.
The valley of the river Vardar, which was later to become the central area of the Republic of Macedonia, was ruled by the Ottoman Empire prior to the First Balkan War of 1912, with the exception of the brief period in 1878 when it was liberated from Ottoman rule after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, becoming part of Bulgaria.
Most of the ethnographers and travellers during Ottoman rule classified Slavic speaking people in Macedonia as Bulgarians.
Macedonia was responsible for large outputs of textiles and several other goods in the Ottoman Empire.
* Monastir Province, Ottoman Empire, a vilayet covering parts of modern Albania, Greece and the Republic of Macedonia
* 1912 – First Balkan War: The Serbian Army captures Bitola, ending the five-century-long Ottoman rule of Macedonia.
Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans ( such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo ) were temporarily lost after 1402, but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s.
Philippi ( in Greek Philippoi ) was a city in eastern Macedonia, established by Philip II in 356 BC and abandoned in the 14th century after the Ottoman conquest.
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