A corresponding term is sometimes used in Slavic languages, in Serbian is otadžbina or отаџбина in Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, Bosnian Otadžbina ( Отаџбина ), Macedonian татковина ( tatkovina ), Bulgarian татковина ( tatkovina ) as well as otechestvo, Czech otčina ( although the normal Czech term for " homeland " is vlast ), in Polish ojczyzna ( besides macierz " motherland "), Russian otechestvo ( отечество ) or otchizna ( отчизна ) ( although rodina " motherland " is more common ).

In the years between the Second and Third Punic War, Rome was engaged in the conquest of the Hellenistic empires to the east ( see Macedonian Wars, Illyrian Wars, and the Roman-Syrian War ) and ruthlessly suppressing the Hispanian peoples in the west, although they had been essential to the Roman success in the Second Punic War.

In the Peloponnesus he routes a force under the Macedonian general Coragus and, although Athens stays neutral, he is joined by Elis, Achaea ( except Pellene ) and Arcadia, with the exception of Megalopolis, the staunchly anti-Spartan capital of Arcadia, which Agis III's forces besiege.

It has lower intelligibility with the East South Slavic languages Bulgarian and Macedonian, than with Slovene ( although Slovene is part of the West subgroup, it is hindered by differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation to the Serbo-Croatian standard forms, although closer to the Serbo-Croatian Kajkavian and Čakavian dialects ).

As a tactician, Epaminondas stands above every other general in Greek history ( unless the Macedonian kings Philip II and Alexander the Great are included ), although modern historians have questioned his larger strategic vision.

A school of thought maintains that Macedonian may have been a Greek dialect, possibly of the Northwestern group in particular, although would classify Macedonian as a separate marginal or " deviant " item on its own.

The Battle of Pydna and its political aftermath mark the effective end of Macedonian independence, although formal annexation was still some years away.

They are a minority religious group in the Republic of Macedonia, although not all espouse a Macedonian national identity and are linguistically distinct from the larger Muslim ethnic groups in the Republic of Macedonia, Albanians and Turks.

The lands of the former Kingdom of Israel and Kingdom of Judah ( c. 930 BCE – 586 BCE ), had been occupied in turn by Assyria, Babylonia, the Achaemenid Empire, and Alexander the Great's Hellenic Macedonian empire ( c. 330 BCE ), although Jewish religious practice and culture had persisted and even flourished during certain periods.

The second ruler of the Macedonian dynasty ( although his parentage is unclear ), he was very well-read, leading to his surname.

Ascent from the Republic of Macedonian side involves entering the Republic of Macedonian-Albanian boundary area, for which a special permit is required from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Macedonia, although people regularly track on Korab without it.

The traditional hoplite infantry was no match for the novel long-speared Macedonian phalanx: the Theban army and its allies broke and fled, but the Sacred Band, although surrounded and overwhelmed, refused to surrender.

Notes were introduced on 27 April 1992 in denominations of 10, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10, 000 denari, although preparations for producing the first Macedonian banknotes began well before Macedonia declared its independence.

* Canada: The Canadian census in 2001 records 37, 705 individuals claimed wholly or partly Macedonian heritage in Canada, although community spokesmen have claimed that there are actually 100, 000 – 150, 000 Macedonians in Canada ( see also Macedonian Canadians );

According to Livy, this was the act of an unselfish Hellenophile, although it seems more likely that Flamininus understood freedom as liberty for the aristocracy of Greece, who would then become clients of Rome, as opposed to being subjected to Macedonian hegemony.

The words for " coffee " and " coffeeshop " remained unchanged in Greek as in the other Balkan languages, using the Ottoman Turkish forms kahve and kahvehane: Bulgarian кафе, кафене ; Macedonian кафе, Serbian кафа, кафана ; Croatian kava, kavana ; Bosnian kahva, kafana ; Slovenian kava, kavarna ; Romanian cafea, cafenea ; Greek καφές, καφενές ( although now more commonly the Hellenized καφενείο ); Albanian kafe, kafene.

Indeed, although Bulgarian interests were favoured by the actions, the Bulgarian government itself had been required to outlaw the Macedonian rebel groups prior to the uprisings, and sought the arrest of its leaders.

Its companion is the front yer, now known as the soft sign in Russian and as er malək ( ер малък, " small er ") in Bulgarian ( Ь, ь ), which was originally also a reduced vowel, more frontal than the ъ, and which is today used to mark the palatalization of consonants in all of the Slavic languages written in the Cyrillic script, except for Serbian and Macedonian, where it is not used although its traces can be seen in the letters њ and љ.

Walbank, about 3, 000 in number, although by the Third Macedonian War this went up to 5, 000 ( most likely to accommodate the elite Agema which was a sub-unit in the ' Peltast ' corps ).

The Bulgarian ethnic self-identification of Delchev has been recognized аs from leading international researchers of the Macedonian Question, as well as from the Macedonian historical scholarship, although reluctantly.

Bulgarians speak a Southern Slavic language which is mutually intelligible with the Macedonian and with the Torlak dialect.

The connection with Dorians and their initiation festival apellai is reinforced by the month Apellaios in northwest Greek calendars, but it can explain only the Doric type of the name, which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word " pella " ( Pella ), stone.

In 294 BC, after forty-three years of semi-autonomy under Macedonian suzerainty, Ambracia was given by the son of Cassander to Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, who made it his capital, and adorned it with palace, temples and theatres.

Bulgarian, along with the closely related Macedonian language ( collectively forming the East South Slavic languages ), has several characteristics that set it apart from all other Slavic languages: changes include the elimination of case declension, the development of a suffixed definite article ( see Balkan language area ) and the lack of a verb infinitive ; but it retains and has further developed the Proto-Slavic verb system.

The Macedonian king had suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the Romans in the Second Macedonian War ( 200-197 BC ), which had reduced him from a powerful Hellenistic monarch to the status of a petty client-king with a much-reduced territory and a tiny army.

A Discourse of Sallets: " Sellery, apium Italicum, ( and of the Petroseline Family ) was formerly a stranger with us ( nor very long since in Italy ) is an hot and more generous sort of Macedonian Persley or Smallage ... and for its high and grateful Taste is ever plac'd in the middle of the Grand Sallet, at our Great Men's tables, and Praetors feasts, as the Grace of the whole Board ".

Here the Greeks were in competition not only with the Ottomans but also with the Bulgarians, engaged in an armed propaganda struggle for the hearts and minds of the ethnically mixed local population, the so-called " Macedonian Struggle ".

Margaret Murray had mentioned this information in her 1933 book The God of the Witches, and Hutton theorised that Alex Sanders had taken it from there, enjoying the fact that he shared his name with the ancient Macedonian emperor.

The Macedonian phalanx was not very different from the Hoplite phalanx of other Greeks states, save it was better trained, armed with the sarissa enabling it to outreach its competitors and stave off enemy cavalry, and wore far lighter armor enabling longer endurance and long fast forced marches, including the ability to sprint to close and overwhelm opposing positions and archers.

Also Severus Alexander ( 3rd c. AD ) had an imitation of the Macedonian phalanx of 30, 000 " phalangarii " and with this he won many victories in the Persian wars.

Macedonian dialects form a continuum with Bulgarian dialects ; together in turn they form a broader continuum with Serbo-Croatian through the transitional Torlakian dialects.

Macedonian, along with Bulgarian and the transitional southern Serbian varieties ( Torlakian ) also forms a part of the Balkan Sprachbund, a group of languages which share typological, grammatical and lexical features based on geographical convergence, rather than genetic proximity.

They are also the only Slavic languages with any definite articles, but only Macedonian has got three: unspecified, proximate and distal article.

The population of the Republic of Macedonia was 2, 022, 547 in 2002, with 1, 644, 815 speaking Macedonian as the native language.

A large number of Macedonians live outside the traditional Balkan Macedonian region, with Australia, Canada and the United States having the largest emigrant communities.

The policy of Serbianization in the 1920s and 1930s clashed with pro-Bulgarian sentiment stirred by Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization ( IMRO ) detachments infiltrating from Bulgaria, whereas local communists favoured the path of self-determination.

* Regard for the communities and minorities living outside the state borders and improvement of their legal status and the treatment of the Macedonian National Minority abroad, in accordance with the international agreements as well as with the concluded bilateral agreements and treaties.

* Slavicists use the macron to indicate a non-tonic long vowel, or a non-tonic syllabic liquid, such as on l, lj, m, n, nj, and r. Languages with this feature include standard and jargon varieties of Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene, Bulgarian.

Under Attalus I ( 241-197 BC ), they allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon, during the first and second Macedonian Wars, and again under Eumenes II ( 197-158 BC ), against Perseus of Macedon, during the Third Macedonian War.

Cyrillic alphabets include the Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, and Russian alphabets.

* Aleksandra Latvian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Estonian, Macedonian, Polish, Russian, Serbian

* Baltic Sea is used in English ; in the Baltic languages Latvian ( Baltijas jūra ) and Lithuanian ( Baltijos jūra ); in Latin ( Mare Balticum ) and the Romance languages French ( Mer Baltique ), Italian ( Mar Baltico ), Portuguese ( Mar Báltico ), Romanian ( Marea Baltică ) and Spanish ( Mar Báltico ); in Greek ( Βαλτική Θάλασσα ); in Albanian ( Deti Balltik ); in the Slavic languages Polish ( Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk ), Czech ( Baltské moře or Balt ), Croatian ( Baltičko more ), Slovenian ( Baltsko morje ), Bulgarian ( Baltijsko More ( Балтийско море ), Kashubian ( Bôłt ), Macedonian ( Балтичко Море / Baltičko More ), Ukrainian ( Балтійське море (" Baltijs ' ke More "), Belarusian ( Балтыйскае мора (" Baltyjskaje Mora "), Russian ( Балтийское море (" Baltiyskoye Morye ") and Serbian ( Балтичко море / Baltičko more ); in the Hungarian language ( Balti-tenger ); and also in Basque ( Itsaso Baltikoa )

Greek dominance on the Aegean Sea made it impossible for the Ottomans to transfer the planned troops from the Middle East to the Thracian ( against the Bulgarian ) and to the Macedonian ( against the Greeks and Serbians ) fronts.

Examples of cognates in Indo-European languages are the words night ( English ), nuit ( French ), Nacht ( German ), nacht ( Dutch ), nag ( Afrikaans ), nicht ( Scots ), natt ( Swedish, Norwegian ), nat ( Danish ), nátt ( Faroese ), nótt ( Icelandic ), noc ( Czech, Slovak, Polish ), ночь, noch ( Russian ), ноќ, noć ( Macedonian ), нощ, nosht ( Bulgarian ), ніч, nich ( Ukrainian ), ноч, noch / noč ( Belarusian ), noč ( Slovene ), noć ( Serbo-Croatian ), νύξ, nyx ( Ancient Greek, νύχτα / nyhta in Modern Greek ), nox ( Latin ), nakt-( Sanskrit ), natë ( Albanian ), noche ( Spanish ), nos ( Welsh ), nueche ( Asturian ), noite ( Portuguese and Galician ), notte ( Italian ), nit ( Catalan ), noapte ( Romanian ), nakts ( Latvian ) and naktis ( Lithuanian ), all meaning " night " and derived from the Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ), " night ".

Nevertheless, before the establishment of a literary standard of Macedonian in 1944, in most sources in and out of Bulgaria before the Second World War, the southern Slavonic dialect continuum covering the area of today's Republic of Macedonia were referred to as Bulgarian dialects.

Велигден ( Veligden ), Великдень ( Velykden ), Великден ( Velikden ), and Вялікдзень ( Vyalikdzyen ) mean " The Great Day " in Macedonian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, and Belarusian, respectively.

Thus many Orthodox Churches adopt a national title ( e. g. Albanian Orthodox, Bulgarian Orthodox, Syrian Orthodox, Georgian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, Macedonian Orthodox, Montenegrin Orthodox, Romanian Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Serbian Orthodox, Ukrainian Orthodox etc.

The Cyrillic script analogue is marked as ⟨ г ⟩ ( e. g. in Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, etc.

The name Glagolitic in Belarusian is глаголіца ( hłaholica ), Bulgarian, Macedonian and Russian глаголица ( glagolica ), Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian glagoljica / глагољица, Czech hlaholice, Polish głagolica, Slovene, Slovak hlaholika, and Ukrainian глаголиця ( hlaholyća ).

Macedonian and Bulgarian are sharply divergent from the remaining South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian and Slovene, and indeed all other Slavic languages, in that they don't use noun cases ( except for the vocative, and apart from some traces of once productive inflections still found scattered throughout the languages ).

Prior to the codification of the standard language ( Standard Macedonian ), Macedonian dialects were described by linguists as being either dialects of Bulgarian or Serbian.

On the other hand, many Macedonian intellectuals maintained that their language " was neither a dialect of Serbian nor of Bulgarian, but a language in its own right ".

Some other linguists, such as Antoine Meillet, also considered Macedonian dialects as comprising an independent language group distinct from both Bulgarian and Serbian.

While it is often claimed that Standard Macedonian was codified on the base of those dialects ( i. e. the Prilep-Bitola dialect ) which were most unlike Bulgarian, this interpretation stems from the works of Krste Misirkov who suggested that Standard Macedonian should abstract on those dialects " most distinct from the standards of the other Slavonic languages ".

The scandal after the publication of Bulgarian Folk Songs resulted in the sacking of the Macedonian Minister of Culture, Dimitar Dimitrov.