Magnetometers are also used to detect archaeological sites, shipwrecks and other buried or submerged objects.

Magnetometers are used in directional drilling for oil or gas to detect the azimuth of the drilling tools near the drill.

Magnetometers such as the German Forster are used to locate ferrous ordnance.

Magnetometers are one of the primary tools used to locate world-class deposits of gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, platinum and diamonds.

Magnetometers used in geophysical survey may use a single sensor to measure the total magnetic field strength, or may use two ( sometimes more ) spatially separated sensors to measure the gradient of the magnetic field ( the difference between the sensors ).

Magnetometers are distinct from metal detectors, which detect metallic objects by detecting their conductivity.

Magnetometers can detect only magnetic ( ferrous ) metals, but can detect such metals at a much larger depth than a metal detector ; magnetometers are capable of detecting large objects, such as cars, at tens of meters, while a metal detector's range is rarely more than 2 meters.

Magnetometers are also a component instrument on the Mercury MESSENGER mission.

Magnetometers can also be classified as " AC " if they measure fields that vary relatively rapidly in time, and " DC " if they measure fields that vary only slowly ( quasi-static ) or are static.

Magnetometers react very strongly to iron and steel, brick, burned soil, and many types of rock, and archaeological features composed of these materials are very detectable.

Magnetometers can also locate zones ignited by lightning ) and map siderite ( an impurity in coal ).

Magnetometers may also use a variety of different sensor types.

Magnetometers have a very diverse range of applications, including locating objects such as submarines, sunken ships, hazards for tunnel boring machines, hazards in coal mines, unexploded ordnance, toxic waste drums, as well as a wide range of mineral deposits and geological structures.

Magnetometers assist mineral explorers both directly ( i. e. gold mineralisation associated with magnetite, diamonds in kimberlite pipes ) and, more commonly, indirectly, such as by mapping geological structures conducive to mineralisation ( i. e. shear zones and alteration haloes around granites ).

if a substantial fraction of the dust is orbiting about the Earth, only about one third the above-mentioned average velocity should be used in deriving the mass.

Iron is usually found as iron ore on Earth, except for one deposit of native iron in Greenland, which was used by the Inuit people.

Depending on the distance Van Helden assumes Aristarchus used for the distance to the Moon, his calculated distance to the Sun would fall between 380 and 1, 520 Earth radii.

An argument for the value of art, used in the fictional work ' The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy ', proceeds that, if some external force presenting imminent destruction of Earth asked humanity what it's value was -- what should humanity's response be?

Most rare elements on Earth are not needed by life ( exceptions being selenium and iodine ), while a few common ones ( aluminum and titanium ) are not used.

There are more carbohydrates on Earth than any other known type of biomolecule ; they are used to store energy and genetic information, as well as play important roles in cell to cell interactions and communications.

The contents are correspondingly varied: a confession of sin and a plea to God not to maintain his anger forever ( ch. 63: 7 – 64: 11 ); a poem on the theme that God has no need of a temple because Heaven is his throne and Earth his footstool ( Isaiah 66: 1 – 2 ); verses setting out conditions for admission to the community ; complaints of sin, incompetence and paganism ; and distinctions between the " righteous " and the " sinners ", foreshadowing the categories used in much later Judaism and early Christianity.

The term circumpolar constellation is used for any constellation that, from a particular latitude on Earth, never sets below the horizon.

Most rare elements on Earth are not needed by life ( exceptions being selenium and iodine ), while a few quite common ones ( aluminium and titanium ) are not used.

The film Blade Runner ( 1982 ), adapted from Philip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep ?, is set in 2019 in a dystopian future in which manufactured beings called replicants are slaves used on space colonies and are legal prey on Earth to various bounty hunters who " retire " ( kill ) them.

In early literature, before the significance of impact cratering was widely recognised, the terms cryptoexplosion or cryptovolcanic structure were often used to describe what are now recognised as impact-related features on Earth.

The D & D magic system, in which wizards memorize spells that are used up once cast and must be re-memorized the next day, was heavily influenced by the Dying Earth stories and novels of Jack Vance.

* Eccentric, in astronomy, a type of deferent, a circle or sphere used in obsolete astronomical systems to carry a planet around the Earth or Sun

Various dating methods have been used and are used today depending on local geology and context, and while there is some variance in the results from these dating methods, nearly all of them provide evidence for a very old Earth, approximately 4. 6 billion years.

Isidore's T and O map, which was seen as representing a small part of a spherical Earth, was essentially unchanged from its predecessors of 1, 200 years previously, continued to be used through the Middle Ages by authors, e. g. the 9th century bishop Rabanus Maurus who compared the habitable part of the northern hemisphere ( Aristotle's northern temperate clime ) with a wheel.

He designed the first instruments used in satellites to measure cosmic radiation and ozone, and in 1951 or 1952 designed the MOUSE (" Minimal Orbital Unmanned Satellite, Earth "), a proposed satellite that would contain Geiger counters for measuring cosmic rays, photo cells for scanning the Earth, telemetry electronics for sending data back to Earth, a magnetic data storage device, and rudimentary solar energy cells.

Although the Greek-language-origin prefix geo refers to Earth, " geology " is often used in conjunction with the names of other planetary bodies when describing their composition and internal processes: examples are " the geology of Mars " and " Lunar geology ".

Twenty-some superconducting gravimeters are used worldwide for studying Earth tides, rotation, interior, and ocean and atmospheric loading, as well as for verifying the Newtonian constant of gravitation.

For this reason, astronomical position determination – measuring the direction of the plumbline by astronomical means – works fairly well provided an ellipsoidal model of the figure of the Earth is used.

Given these, a new term Anthropocene, is specifically proposed and used informally for the latest part of this epoch since approximately synchronous lithospheric evidence, or more recently atmospheric evidence, of human impacts have been found on the Earth and its ecosystems ; these impacts may be considered of global significance for future evolution of living species.

In addition, he added calculations of the distance of the sun and moon from the Earth, based upon his improvements to the observational instruments used at that time.

An article by Martin Gardner revealed that Dr. Walter Siegmeister used the pseudonym ` Bernard ', but not until the publishing of Walter Kafton-Minkel's Subterranean Worlds: 100, 000 years of dragons, dwarves, the dead, lost races & UFOs from inside the Earth, in 1989, did the full story of Bernard / Siegmeister become well known.

In the field of the social sciences a considerable fund of tested knowledge has been accumulated that can be used to good advantage.

In the new situation, philosophy is able to provide the social sciences with the same guidance that mathematics offers the physical sciences, a reservoir of logical relations that can be used in framing hypotheses having explanatory and predictive value.

This vast panoramic view used ideas from other social sciences, employed effectively the technique of the longue durée, and downplayed the importance of specific events and individuals.

: Science of the mind, or cultural or spiritual science ), a term generally used in German to refer to the humanities and social sciences ; in fact, the term " science " is used more broadly in Europe as a general term that refers to any exact knowledge.

While K-Ar dating has been used extensively in the geological sciences, the prevalence of < sup > 40 </ sup > Ca in nature has impeded its use in dating.

It introduced the Gaussian gravitational constant, and contained an influential treatment of the method of least squares, a procedure used in all sciences to this day to minimize the impact of measurement error.

Consilience is important across all of science, including the social sciences, and is often used as an argument for scientific realism by philosophers of science.

It is reported that although Puységur used the term ' clairvoyance ', he did not think of these phenomena as " paranormal ", since he accepted mesmerism as one of the natural sciences.

In ancient Greece, the word mousike was used to mean any of the arts or sciences governed by the Muses.

The rigidity of the relational model, in which all data is held in tables with a fixed structure of rows and columns, has increasingly been seen as a limitation when handling information that is richer or more varied in structure than the traditional ' ledger-book ' data of corporate information systems: for example, document databases, engineering databases, multimedia databases, or databases used in the molecular sciences.

Organized alphabetically, its content does indeed contain explanation not merely of the terms used in the arts and sciences, but of the arts and sciences themselves.

These methods have been broadly adapted in the physical and social sciences and continue to be used in agricultural engineering.

* The ESS was first used in the social sciences by Robert Axelrod in his 1984 book The Evolution of Cooperation.

Since then, it has been widely used in the social sciences, including anthropology, economics, philosophy, and political science.

The research methods used in educational psychology tend to be drawn from psychology and other social sciences.

Fluorescence in the life sciences is used generally as a non-destructive way of tracking or analysis of biological molecules by means of the fluorescent emission at a specific frequency where there is no background from the excitation light, as relatively few cellular components are naturally fluorescent ( called intrinsic or autofluorescence ).

Greek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages, especially in the sciences and medicine ; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of the international scientific vocabulary.

Karl Popper used the term historicism in his influential books The Poverty of Historicism and The Open Society and Its Enemies, to mean: " an approach to the social sciences which assumes that historical prediction is their primary aim, and which assumes that this aim is attainable by discovering the ' rhythms ' or the ' patterns ', the ' laws ' or the ' trends ' that underlie the evolution of history ".

Techniques from linear algebra are also used in analytic geometry, engineering, physics, natural sciences, computer science, and the social sciences ( particularly in economics ).

Mathematical models are used not only in the natural sciences ( such as physics, biology, earth science, meteorology ) and engineering disciplines ( e. g. computer science, artificial intelligence ), but also in the social sciences ( such as economics, psychology, sociology and political science ); physicists, engineers, statisticians, operations research analysts and economists use mathematical models most extensively.