By the 12th century, the Mishneh Torah ( i. e., Rabbi Moses Maimonides ) was criticizing Christianity on the grounds of idol worship, in that Christians attributed divinity to Jesus who had a physical body.

In his commentary on the Talmud, Maimonides ( Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon ) wrote:

* The work of the Rosh, Rabbi Asher ben Jehiel ( 1250 ?/ 1259 ?– 1328 ), an abstract of the Talmud, concisely stating the final halakhic decision and quoting later authorities, notably Alfasi, Maimonides, and the Tosafists.

In writing the Shulchan Aruch, Rabbi Karo based his rulings on three authorities — Maimonides ( Rambam ), Asher ben Jehiel ( Rosh ), and Isaac Alfasi ( Rif ); he considered the Mordechai in inconclusive cases.

The Medieval rabbinic figure Maimonides ( Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon ), also known as the Rambam, wrote a commentary to tractate Sanhedrin stressing a relatively naturalistic interpretation of the Messiah and de-emphasizing miraculous elements.

Mosheh ben Maimon ( משה בן מימון )‎, called Moses Maimonides and also known as Mūsā ibn Maymūn (), or RaMBaM ( רמב " ם – Hebrew acronym for " Rabbi Mosheh Ben Maimon "), was a preeminent medieval Jewish philosopher and one of the most prolific and followed Torah scholars and physicians of the Middle Ages.

Maimonides studied Torah under his father Maimon, who had in turn studied under Rabbi Joseph ibn Migash – a student of Isaac Alfasi.

* Rabbi Samson of Sens ( France ) was, apart from Maimonides, one of the few rabbis of the early medieval era to compose a Mishnah commentary on some tractates.

Rabbi Joseph Albo, for instance, in Sefer Ha-Ikkarim counts three principles of faith, while Maimonides lists thirteen.

Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, better known as Maimonides or " The Rambam " ( 1135-1204 CE ), lived at a time when both Christianity and Islam were developing active theologies.

Others, such as Rabbi Joseph Albo and the Raavad, criticized Maimonides ' list as containing items that, while true, in their opinion did not place those who rejected them out of ignorance in the category of heretic.

In an issue of The Humanist, Majel Barrett claimed that the philosophy of " Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations " was based on the teachings of Rabbi Maimonides.

This work resembles the Hilchot of the Rif ( Rabbi Isaac Alfasi )-also an adumbration-but differs in quoting later authorities: Maimonides, the Tosafists and Alfasi himself.

* Hilchot Deot by Maimonides ( Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon )

* The Eight Chapters by Maimonides ( Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon )

; 1135 – 1204: Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, aka Maimonides or the Rambam is the leading rabbi of Sephardic Jewry.

On the other end of the philosophical spectrum is the view of Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, better known as Maimonides.

His son-in-law, Rabbi Professor Isadore Twersky was an internationally renowned expert on the writings of Maimonides and succeeded Professor Harry Austryn Wolfson to the Nathan Littauer chair of Jewish History and Literature at Harvard University.

In October 2004 ( Tishrei 5765 ), a group of rabbis representing varied Orthodox communities in Israel undertook a ceremony in Tiberias, where the original Sanhedrin was disbanded, which is claimed to re-establish the body according to the proposal of Maimonides and the Jewish legal rulings of Rabbi Yosef Karo.

Shmuel Ha-Nagid, Hasdai Ibn Shaprut, and Rabbi Moshe ben Hanoch founded the Lucena Yeshiva that produced such brilliant scholars as Rabbi Yitzhak ibn Ghiath and Rabbi Maimon ben Yosef ( father of Maimonides ).

When his family fled Spain, for Fez, Maimonides enrolled in the Academy of Fez and studied under Rabbi Yehuda Ha-Kohen Ibn Soussan-a student of Isaac Alfasi.

Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta, of Ceuta, was the son of Rabbi Yehuda Ha-Kohen Ibn Soussan and a student of Maimonides for whom the " Guide for the Perplexed " is written.

While such scholars as Rabbi Saadia Gaon, Rabbi Bahya ibn Paquda, and Rabbi Yehuda Halevi elaborated on proper monotheism and the issues of idolatry, without a doubt Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon ( Maimonides ) was the most thorough in his elucidation of monotheism and the problems of idolatry.

The Mishneh Torah (, " Repetition of the Torah ") subtitled Sefer Yad HaHazaka ( ספר יד החזקה " Book of the Strong Hand ,") is a code of Jewish religious law ( Halakha ) authored by Maimonides ( Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, also known as RaMBaM or " Rambam "), one of history's foremost rabbis.

Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon ( Maimonides ) stated in the Mishneh Torah Sefer Shofetím, Hilekhót Mumarím 3: 3

* Moshe ben Maimon ( Maimonides ) ( 1135-1204 )

Moreh Nevukhim ; Arabic:, dalālatul ḥā ’ irīn, ) is one of the major works of Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, better known as Maimonides or " the Rambam ".

* Maimonides, Moshe Ben Maimon, ( Rambam ), 13th century Spanish-North African Talmudist, philosopher, and law codifier

The persecution and increasing apostasy led one of Yemen's most respected Jewish scholars, Jacob ben Nathanael, to write for counsel to Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, better known as Maimonides.

In regards to B ' nei Anusim, Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon ( Maimonides ) stated in the Mishneh Torah Sefer Shofetím, Hilekhót Mumarím 3: 3

Encouraged, however, by letters signed by the rabbis of Argentière and Lunel, and particularly by the support of Kalonymus ben Todros, the nasi of Narbonne, and of the eminent Talmudist Asheri of Toledo, Ben Adret issued a decree, signed by thirty-three rabbis of Barcelona, excommunicating those who should, within the next fifty years, study physics or metaphysics before their thirtieth year of age ( basing his action on the principle laid down by Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed part one chapter 34 ), and had the order promulgated in the synagogue on Sabbath, July 26, 1305.

Before Maimonides concluded this, Sunni Muslims officially prohibited mutah ( i. e. temporary marriage ) relationships ; some commentators ' suggest that Maimonides changed his view in response to this development, similar to Gershom ben Judah's ban on polygamy being made after Christians had prohibited it.

* Abraham ben Moses Maimonides

In Latin, the Hebrew " ben " ( son of ) becomes the Greek − style suffix "- ides " to form " Moses Maimonides ".

Maimonides and his wife, the daughter of one Mishael ben Yeshayahu Halevi, had one child, Avraham, who was recognized as a great scholar, and who succeeded him as Nagid and as court physician at the age of eighteen.

It was also an important resource in the study of the Babylonian Talmud by the Kairouan school of Hananel ben Hushiel and Nissim Gaon, with the result that opinions ultimately based on the Jerusalem Talmud found their way into both the Tosafot and the Mishneh Torah of Maimonides.

Jewish neo-Aristotelian philosophers, who are still influential today, include Maimonides, Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon, and Gersonides.

The successors of Maimonides, from the 13th to the 15th century — Nahmanides, Abba Mari ben Moses, Simon ben Zemah Duran, Joseph Albo, Isaac Arama, and Joseph Jaabez — narrowed his 13 articles to three core beliefs: Belief in God ; in Creation ( or revelation ); and in providence ( or retribution ).

On the other hand, David ben Yom-Tob ibn Bilia, in his " Yesodot ha-Maskil " ( Fundamentals of the Thinking Man ), adds to the 13 of Maimonides 13 of his own — a number which a contemporary of Albo also chose for his fundamentals ; while Jedaiah Penini, in the last chapter of his " Behinat ha-Dat ," enumerated no less than 35 cardinal principles.

These writings are: " Milhamot HaShem ," defending Alfasi against the criticisms of Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona ( published with the " Alfasi ," Venice, 1552 ; frequently reprinted ; separate edition, Berlin, 1759 ); " Sefer ha-Zekhut ," in defense of Alfasi against the criticisms of Abraham ben David ( RABaD ; printed with Abraham Meldola's " Shiv ' ah ' Enayim ," Leghorn, 1745 ; under the title " Machaseh u-Magen ," Venice, 1808 ); " Hassagot " ( Constantinople, 1510 ; frequently reprinted ), in defense of Simeon Kayyara against the criticisms of Maimonides ' " Sefer ha-Mitzwoth " ( Book of Precepts ).

The works of Ibn Rushd especially became the subject of their study, due in great measure to Maimonides, who, in a letter addressed to his pupil Joseph ben Judah, spoke in the highest terms of Ibn Rushd's commentary.