Many biopolymers spontaneously fold into characteristic compact shapes ( see also " protein folding " as well as secondary structure and tertiary structure ), which determine their biological functions and depend in a complicated way on their primary structures.

Many countries, including signatories of the BWC, currently pursue research into the defense or protection against biological warfare, which is not prohibited by the BWC.

Many other biological structures exhibit LC behavior.

Many chemical mutagens require biological activation to become mutagenic.

Many other chemical reactions ( e. g., cyanylation ) have been applied to proteins by chemists, although they are not found in biological systems.

Many of the most important groundbreaking scientific and biological discoveries of the tropical animal and plant kingdom originated here.

Many proteins spontaneously fold into characteristic compact shapes — which determine their biological functions and depend in a complicated way on their primary structures.

Many critics draw an intellectual link between sociobiology and biological determinism, the belief that most human differences can be traced to specific genes rather than differences in culture or social environments.

* Rippel Electron Microscope Facility Many dozens of ( mostly biological ) SEM images from Dartmouth College.

Many authorities say that in the limit, the cost of self-replicating items should approach the cost-per-weight of wood or other biological substances, because self-replication avoids the costs of labor, capital and distribution in conventional manufactured goods.

Many ( though probably not all ) genes have been identified, yet much work still needs to be done to completely elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products.

Many noncoding DNA sequences have important biological functions as indicated by comparative genomics studies that report some regions of noncoding DNA that are highly conserved, sometimes on time-scales representing hundreds of millions of years, implying that these noncoding regions are under strong evolutionary pressure and positive selection.

Many more genetic components of the biological clock are now known.

Many experiments that tested various biological agents on human subjects, referred to as Operation Whitecoat, were carried out at Fort Detrick, Maryland, in the 1950s.

Many former laboratories and some land made available by the disestablishment of the offensive biological warfare program were ultimately transferred to the U. S Department of Health and Human Services during the 1970s and later.

Many Fe-S clusters are known in the area of organometallic chemistry and as precursors to synthetic analogues of the biological clusters ( see Figure ).

Many projectiles, e. g. shells, may carry an explosive charge or another chemical or biological substance.

Many others would later reunite with their biological parents after their parents and other family members emigrated to the United States.

Many TPs function as gateways or " loading docks " to deny or permit the transport of specific substances across the biological membrane, to get into the cell, or out of the cell as in the case of waste byproducts.

Many pleasurable experiences are associated with satisfying basic biological drives, such as eating, exercise or sex.

Many biological transformations are condensation reactions.

Many photographs were taken and biological payloads were also flown.

Many photographic solutions have high chemical and biological oxygen demand ( COD and BOD ).

Many species of Hemiptera are significant pests of crops and gardens, including many species of aphid and various scale insects, including the cottony cushion scale, a pest whose infestation of American citrus crops sparked one of the earliest biological pest control programmes, when the Australian beetle Rodolia cardinalis was introduced as a natural enemy of the scale insect.

Many antibacterial compounds are relatively small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 2000 atomic mass units.

Many elements and chemical compounds aside from these form diatomic molecules when evaporated.

Many of the molecules return to the liquid, with returning molecules becoming more frequent as the density and pressure of the vapor increases.

Many polyketides are cyclic molecules whose backbones are often further modified by glycosylation, methylation, hydroxylation, oxidation, and / or other processes.

Many amphiphilic molecules show lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase sequences depending on the volume balances between the hydrophilic part and hydrophobic part.

Many microbes are used for commercial and industrial production of chemicals, enzymes and other bioactive molecules.

Many complex multi-functional group molecules are important in living organisms.

Many molecules of ubiquitin may be linked in tandem to a protein destined for degradation.

Many adaptor proteins and enzymes activated as part of signal transduction possess specialized protein domains that bind to specific secondary messenger molecules.

Many drug molecules are made toxic in the liver, and the genetic variability of certain liver enzymes makes the toxicity of many compounds differ between individuals.

Many organic molecules, as with inorganic molecules, form crystals that incorporate water into the crystalline structure without chemical alteration of the organic molecule ( water of crystallization ).

Many cofactors ( non-protein-based helper molecules ) feature thiols.

Many standard fluorescent dyes like GFP, Alexa dyes, Atto dyes, Cy2 / Cy3 and fluorescein molecules can be used for localization microscopy, provided certain photo-physical conditions are present.

Many of the signal molecules that convey information from cell to cell during the control of cellular differentiation are called growth factors.

Many of the water molecules pass from the freshwater flow in order to dilute the brine, while the concentration of salt in the freshwater constantly grows ( since the salt is not leaving this flow, while water is ).

Many of the objects of scientific interest in the universe are much larger than human scale ( stars, galaxies ) or much smaller than human scale ( molecules, atoms, subatomic particles ).

Many ribozymes have either a hairpin – or hammerhead – shaped active center and a unique secondary structure that allows them to cleave other RNA molecules at specific sequences.

Many microorganisms in dark regions of the oceans also use chemosynthesis to produce biomass from single carbon molecules.

Many other molecules, pathways, and mechanisms are active ( e. g. RA, FGF, BMP ), and complex interactions between Shh and other molecules are possible. BMPs are suggested to play a critical role in determining the sensitivity of neural cell to Shh signaling.

Many bacterial and host molecules that are involved in the adhesion of bacteria to host cells have been identified.

Many large molecules, such as glucose, are insoluble in lipids and too large to fit through the membrane pores.