Many computer programs contain algorithms that detail the specific instructions a computer should perform ( in a specific order ) to carry out a specified task, such as calculating employees ' paychecks or printing students ' report cards.

Many amateurs make valuable contributions in the field of computer programming through the open source movement.

Many board games are now available as video games, which can include the computer itself as one of several players, or as sole opponent.

Many board games can now be played online against a computer and / or other players.

Many computer programs fail to display bi-directional text correctly.

Many printers are local peripherals connected directly to a nearby personal computer.

Many can be used on a standalone basis without a computer, using a memory card or USB connector.

Many ciphers are based on publicly known algorithms or are open source, and so it is only the difficulty of obtaining the key that determines security of the system, provided that there is no analytic attack ( i. e., a ' structural weakness ' in the algorithms or protocols used ), and assuming that the key is not otherwise available ( such as via theft, extortion, or compromise of computer systems ).

Many computer languages require garbage collection, either as part of the language specification ( e. g., Java, C #, and most scripting languages ) or effectively for practical implementation ( e. g., formal languages like lambda calculus ); these are said to be garbage collected languages.

Many ( but not all ) computer systems use extensions in file names to help identify what they contain, also known as the file type.

Many modern computer systems provide methods for protecting files against accidental and deliberate damage.

Many of the existence proofs and some of the uniqueness proofs for the sporadic groups originally used computer calculations, most of which have since been replaced by shorter hand proofs.

Many smaller computer companies had come and gone in the 1950s, wiped out when new technical developments rendered their platforms obsolete, and even large companies like RCA and General Electric were failing to make a profit in the market.

Many young computer scientists fled from the universities to startups and private research labs like Xerox PARC.

Many exploits are designed to provide superuser-level access to a computer system.

Many of his opinions on computer science and programming have become widespread.

Many computer systems require low interrupt latencies, especially embedded systems that need to control machinery in real-time.

Many areas of mathematics and computer science have been brought to bear on the problem, including elliptic curves, algebraic number theory, and quantum computing.

Many natural computer science problems are covered by the class NP.

Many other computer programs are also capable of processing or creating plain text, such as countless commands in DOS, Windows, MacOS, and Unix and its kin ; as well as web browsers ( a few browsers such as Lynx and the Line Mode Browser produce only plain text for display ).

Many shareware developers are individual computer programmers who develop their own product.

Many of the technological skills were penalized by the complexity of the robot, security system, or computer the character was attempting to manipulate ( also rated from 1 to 6 ).

Many SGI graphics engineers left to work at other computer graphics companies such as ATI and Nvidia, contributing to the PC 3D graphics revolution.

Many, but not all, who consider themselves cognitive scientists have a functionalist view of the mind — the view that mental states are classified functionally, such that any system that performs the proper function for some mental state is considered to be in that mental state.

Many scientists have found it difficult to reconcile the fact that information is distributed across multiple brain areas with the apparent unity of consciousness: this is one aspect of the so-called binding problem.

Many early workers noted that enzymatic activity was associated with proteins, but several scientists ( such as Nobel laureate Richard Willstätter ) argued that proteins were merely carriers for the true enzymes and that proteins per se were incapable of catalysis.

Many scientists consider extraterrestrial life to be plausible, but there is no conclusive evidence for its existence.

Many scientists deny the possibility of this view ; however, such a view is considered within scientific possibility.

Many scientists have commented on Rushton and his work.

Many leading scientists including Newton and Huygens doubted that such a clock could ever be built and had more optimism for astronomical observations ( such as the Method of Lunar Distances ).

Many scientists believe that this artificial inflation of game populations is actually detrimental to both caribou and moose populations as well as the ecosystem as a whole.

Many properties of neurons, from the type of neurotransmitters used to ion channel composition, are maintained across species, allowing scientists to study processes occurring in more complex organisms in much simpler experimental systems.

Many scientists argue that the Permian-Triassic extinction event was caused by a combination of some or all of the hypotheses above and other factors ; the formation of Pangaea decreased the number of coastal habitats and may have contributed to the extinction of many clades.

Many scientists regard the discipline as pseudoscience, saying that parapsychologists continue investigation despite not having demonstrated conclusive evidence of psychic abilities in more than a century of research.

Many of the people working in these institutes were competent scientists with a proficient knowledge of political science, and some of them, through their works, had played an important role in reforming the Communist Party and had helped to bring about the radical changes in 1989.

Many famous scientists, including Albert Einstein, have contributed articles in the past 167 years.

Many studies seeking to detect, understand, and utilize telepathy have been done, but according to the prevailing view among scientists, telepathy lacks replicable results from well-controlled experiments.

Many scientists have participated in Tunguska studies, the best-known of them being Leonid Kulik, Yevgeny Krinov, Kirill Florensky, Nikolai Vladimirovich Vasiliev and Wilhelm Fast.

Many other scientists experimented with various liquids and designs of thermometer.

Many, if not most, of the students, and more than 90 % of the faculty members were of German heritage, and numerous statues of notable scientists with German names can still be found in the city today.

Many foundational contributions to quantum mechanics were made in Weimar Germany or by German scientists during the Weimar period.

Many political scientists have held that the Australian system of government was consciously devised as a blend or hybrid of the Westminster and the United States systems of government, especially since the Australian Senate is a powerful upper house like the U. S. Senate ; this notion is expressed in the nickname " the Washminster mutation ".

Many scientists and librarians have long protested the cost of journals, especially as they see these payments going to large for-profit publishing houses.

First owned and published by Alexander Macmillan, Nature was similar to its predecessors in its attempt to “ provide cultivated readers with an accessible forum for reading about advances in scientific knowledge .” Janet Browne has proposed that “ far more than any other science journal of the period, Nature was conceived, born, and raised to serve polemic purpose .” Many of the early editions of Nature consisted of articles written by members of a group that called itself the X Club, a group of scientists known for having liberal, progressive, and somewhat controversial scientific beliefs relative to the time period.

Many houses and even a few barns remain, used for housing visiting scientists and storing maintenance equipment, while roads that used to cross through the site have been blocked off at the edges of the property, with gatehouses or simply barricades to prevent unsupervised access.

Many scientists share the belief that there are problems with falsifiability and foundation ontologies purporting to describe " what exists ", to a sufficient degree of rigor to establish a reasonable method of empirical validation.