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Margaret and Murray
The term esbat in this sense was described by Margaret Murray.
Erroneously believing the coven to be a survival of the pre-Christian Witch-Cult discussed in the works of Margaret Murray, he decided to revive the faith, supplementing the coven's rituals with ideas borrowed from Freemasonry, ceremonial magic and the writings of Aleister Crowley to form the Gardnerian tradition of Wicca.
Subsequent research by the likes of Hutton and Heselton has shown that in fact the New Forest coven was probably only formed in the early 20th century, based upon such sources as folk magic and the theories of Margaret Murray.
The pioneers of the various Wiccan or Witchcraft traditions, such as Gerald Gardner, Doreen Valiente and Robert Cochrane, all claimed that their religion was a continuation of the pagan religion of the Witch-Cult following historians who had purported the Witch-Cult's existence, such as Jules Michelet and Margaret Murray.
Following the writings of suffragist Matilda Joslyn Gage and others, Margaret Murray, in her 1921 book The Witch-Cult in Western Europe, proposed the theory that the witches of the early-modern period were remnants of a pagan cult and that the Christian Church had declared the god of the witches was in fact the Devil.
Margaret Alice Murray ( 13 July 1863 – 13 November 1963 ) was a prominent British Egyptologist and anthropologist.
Margaret Murray was born in Calcutta, India on 13 July 1863.
Margaret Murray accompanied the renowned Egyptologist Sir William Flinders Petrie, on several archaeological excavations in Egypt and Palestine during the late 1890s.
Ten years later and having reached 100 years of age, Margaret Murray published her final work, an autobiography entitled My First Hundred Years ( 1963 ).
Later commenting on A Razor for a Goat, Richard Kieckhefer noted that when the book was first published " it was recognised as a biting critique of the views of Margaret Murray … Now, forty years later, Rose's book may perhaps seem more of a revisionist work within Murray's school of interpretation.
In 1994, folklorist Jacqueline Simpson published an article in the Folklore journal entitled " Margaret Murray: Who Believed Her, and Why?
" in which she took a particularly critical approach to the Murrayite theory, explaining its faults, and looking at the history of the hypotheses ' criticism ; within it she remarked that " No British folklorist can remember Dr Margaret Murray without embarrassment.
In the 1920s Margaret Murray theorized that a Witchcraft religion existed underground and in secret, and had survived through the witchcraft prosecutions that had been enacted by the ecclesiastical and secular courts.
Thus, Wicca in particular is sometimes referred to by its proponents as " The Old Religion ", a term popularised by Margaret Murray in the 1920s, while Germanic neopaganism is referred to in some of its varieties as Forn Sed (" Old Custom ").
These included ceremonial magic, folk magic, Romanticist literature, Freemasonry, and the historical theories of the English archaeologist Margaret Murray.
Another view is that Robin Hood's origins must be sought in folklore or mythology ; Despite the frequent Christian references in the early ballads, Robin Hood has been claimed for the pagan witch-cult supposed by Margaret Murray to have existed in medieval Europe.
In 1893 Washington married Margaret James Murray.
The word coven remained largely unused in English until 1921 when Margaret Murray promoted the idea, now much disputed, that all witches across Europe met in groups of thirteen which they called " covens ".
South Australia is famed for the above mentioned Barossa Valley ; in Western Australia the Swan Valley, Margaret River and Manjimup regions, as well as Broome in the north ; Victoria is famed for the Murray River regions and the Mornington Peninsula.
In 1933, the Egyptologist Margaret Murray published the book, The God of the Witches, in which she theorised that Pan was merely one form of a horned god who was worshipped across Europe by a witch-cult.
* Margaret MurrayThe Divine King in England.
From the 1970s, these ideas were taken up by popular writers of second-wave feminism and expanded with the speculations of Margaret Murray on witchcraft, by the Goddess movement, and in feminist Wicca, as well as in works by Elizabeth Gould Davis, Riane Eisler, and Merlin Stone.
Drawing upon the work of Margaret Murray and Robert Graves, Stone postulates a prehistoric matriarchal religion, painting ancient societies, including Ancient Egypt as matriarchal paradises, destroyed by the patriarchal Indo-Europeans.
Hordern was born in The Poplars, an 18th century townhouse in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, the son of Margaret Emily ( Murray ) and Capt.

Margaret and had
He could think of nothing else save his mental image of her nude figure and what Charles had said that morning about Margaret Rider.
Occasionally he would look across the aisle at Margaret, fourteen and demure in a fresh green organdy dress, sitting in the sixth-grade row, and he could hardly believe she would do what Charles had said she did.
( Coincidentally, Hickson had played a housekeeper in the first film in which Margaret Rutherford played Miss Marple.
Alcott was rejected by most public opinion and, by the summer of 1837, he had only 11 students left and no assistant after Margaret Fuller moved to Providence, Rhode Island.
Alexander had married Princess Margaret of England, a daughter of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence, on 26 December 1251.
Phillip's wife, Margaret, had died in 1792.
Bostock, who had been held aboard Queen Anne's Revenge, was returned unharmed to Margaret and was allowed to leave with his crew.
Before departing Canada, Sapir had a short affair with Margaret Mead, Benedict's protégé at Columbia.
She had three children, Louisa ( 1873 – 1943 ), Margaret ( 1874 – 1875 ), who died of meningitis, and Alan ( 1877 – 1952 ).
King Philip II of France claimed that certain properties in Normandy belonged to his half-sister, Margaret of France, widow of the young Henry, but Henry insisted that they had once belonged to Eleanor and would revert to her upon her son's death.
Mountbatten's qualification for offering advice to this particular heir to the throne was unique ; it was he who had arranged the visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth to Dartmouth Royal Naval College on 22 July 1939, taking care to include the young Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret in the invitation, but assigning his nephew, Cadet Prince Philip of Greece, to keep them amused while their parents toured the facility.
He was already acquainted with Margaret Murray's theory of the Witch-cult, and " I then knew that that which I had thought burnt out hundreds of years ago still survived.
On August 16, 2012, the Archdiocese of Atlanta announced that it had been bequeathed a fifty percent stake in the trademarks and literary rights to Gone with the Wind from the estate of Margaret Mitchell's deceased nephew, Joseph Mitchell.
One of Mitchell's biographers, Darden Asbury Pyron, stated that Margaret Mitchell had " an intense relationship " with her mother, who was Roman Catholic.
Margaret Mitchell herself had separated from the Catholic church.
By 1671 Fox had recovered and Margaret had been released by order of the King.
With his wife's consent, Wells had affairs with a number of women, including the American birth control activist Margaret Sanger and novelist Elizabeth von Arnim.
There were allegations that this story had been plagiarized from The Frost Fairies by Margaret Canby.
After the completion of his courses, Alexander, on 14 October 1931, married Lady Margaret Bingham, the daughter of the Earl of Lucan and with whom Alexander had two sons — Shane, born 1935, and Brian, born 1939 — and a daughter, as well as adopting another daughter during his time as Canada's governor general.
In practice sessions before the trip, Kennedy had run through a number of sentences, even paragraphs, to recite in German ; in these sessions, he was helped by Margaret Plischke, a translator working for the US State Department ; by Ted Sorensen, Kennedy's counsel and habitual speechwriter ; and by an interpreter, Robert Lochner, who had grown up in Berlin.

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