", defined orthodoxy as fidelity to the " Marxist method ", not fidelity to " dogmas ":

In March 1983, Cardinal Ratzinger ( now Pope Benedict XVI ) head of the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ( CDF ), made ten observations of Gutiérrez's theology, accusing Gutiérrez of politically interpreting the Bible in supporting temporal messianism, and stating that the predominance of orthopraxis over orthodoxy in his thought proved a Marxist influence.

Nevertheless, Lafargue continued his defense of Marxist orthodoxy against any reformist tendency, as shown by his conflict with Jean Jaurès, as well as his refusal to take part in any " bourgeois " government.

" Matty " Matthiessen and Marxist economist Paul Sweezy, who were former colleagues at Harvard University with a shared interest in establishing a radical national magazine to fill the void between rigid Communist Party orthodoxy on the one hand and the ideological atrophy of the Socialist Party on the other.

It was during these years between 1880 and 1890 that Bernstein established his reputation as a leading party theoretician and a Marxist of impeccable orthodoxy.

In the context of varying degrees of Communist orthodoxy in both countries during the period of Soviet domination of Eastern Europe, historical research into the Holocaust was politicised to varying degrees, and Marxist doctrines of class struggle were often overlaid onto generally received histories, which tended to exclude both acts of collaboration and indications of abiding antisemitism.

None of these stratagems, it is argued, are either warranted by the facts or scientifically sound, and the result is that many socialists have abandoned the rigid constraints of Marxist orthodoxy, in order to analyse capitalist and non-capitalist societies in a new way.

She advocated a reformist socialism, to the left of the KDP but incompatible with the Marxist orthodoxy of the RSDRP.

Heavily influenced by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Johann Friedrich Herbart, Labriola's approach to Marxist theory was more open-ended than the orthodoxy of theorists such as Karl Kautsky.

This debate demonstrated the profound differences which, from then on, separated Bettelheim from Marxist " orthodoxy ", which considered Socialism as the result of " the development of maximum centralization of all forces of industrial production ".

Inspired by the Chinese Cultural Revolution and the thought of Mao Zedong, and in cooperation with the Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser, Bettelheim was opposed to " economism " and to the " primacy of the means of production " of traditional Marxism: against the idea that socialist transformation of social bonds was a necessary effect of the development of the forces of production ( liberating those bonds from them, according to Marxist orthodoxy, since private property dominates them in " bourgeois " society ), he affirmed the necessity for actively and politically transforming social connections.

At the same time, Marxism lost its influence, especially in France, where a wave of anti-Communism succeeded in discrediting not only the " archaeo-Communist " orthodoxy, but also Marxist critics such as Bettelheim.

State-monopoly capitalism was originally a Marxist concept referring to a form of corporate capitalism in which state policy is utilized to benefit and promote the interests of dominant or established corporations by shielding them from competitive pressures or by providing them with subsidies.

Most Chinese history that is published in the People's Republic of China is based on a Marxist interpretation of history.

The Marxist view of history is that history is governed by universal laws and that according to these laws, a society moves through a series of stages with the transition between stages being driven by class struggle.

However, this political restriction is less confining than it may first appear in that the Marxist historical framework is surprisingly flexible, and a rather simple matter to modify an alternative historical theory to use language that at least does not challenge the Marxist interpretation of history.

It is an “ instrument of wholesale destruction, dependency and systematic exploitation producing distorted economies, socio-psychological disorientation, massive poverty and neocolonial dependency .” According to some Marxist historians, in all of the colonial countries ruled by Western European countries “ the natives were robbed of more than half their natural span of life by undernourishment ”.

The concern for a social " base and superstructure " is one of the remaining Marxist philosophic concepts in much contemporary critical theory.

As did Louis Althusser, who later defined Marxism and psychoanalysis as " conflictual sciences "; that political factions and revisionism are inherent to Marxist theory and political praxis, because dialectical materialism is the philosophic product of class struggle:

The International Conference of Marxist – Leninist Parties and Organizations ( Unity & Struggle ) is the most well known collection of these parties today.

More influentially, radical geography emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, drawing heavily on Marxist theory and techniques, and is associated with geographers such as David Harvey and Richard Peet.

Human beings collectively work on nature but do not do the same work ; there is a division of labor in which people not only do different jobs, but according to Marxist theory, some people live from the work of others by owning the means of production.

Perhaps the most influential recent defense of this passage, and of relevant Marxian and Marxist assertions is G. A.

Just as Marx used to say, commenting on the French " Marxists " of the late 70s: " All I know is that I am not a Marxist.

After the French party split into a reformist and revolutionary party, some accused Guesde ( leader of the latter ) of taking orders from Marx ; Marx remarked to Lafargue, " What is certain to me is if this is Marxism, then I myself am not Marxist " ( in a letter to Engels, Marx later accused Guesde of being a " Bakuninist ").

In modern sociological theory, Marxist sociology is recognised as one of the main classical perspectives.

Trotsky's ideas formed the basis of Trotskyism, a major school of Marxist thought that is opposed to the theories of Stalinism.

Rosa LuxemburgLeft communism ' is the range of communist viewpoints held by the communist left, which criticizes the political ideas of the Bolsheviks at certain periods, from a position that is asserted to be more authentically Marxist and proletarian than the views of Leninism held by the Communist International after its first and during its second congress.

In a Marxist society geared up for war, there are no clear lines separating officials, soldiers and civilians.

Since real political power belongs to the sole legal party, in certain states under Marxist constitutions of the constitutionally socialist state type inspired by the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ) and its constitutive Soviet republics, there was no formal office of head of state, but rather the leader of the legislative branch was considered to be the closest common equivalent of a head of state as a natural person.

He rejected the theory of class struggle and the Marxist concern with labor, instead claiming, according to Leszek Kołakowski, that since " all questions of material existence have been solved, moral commands and prohibitions are no longer relevant.

The unusual aspect of the orchestra was that, believing that in the ideal Marxist state all people are equal, its members felt that there was no need to be led by the dictatorial baton of a conductor ; instead they were led by a committee.

To the extent that it makes sense, there is no single " Marxist theory of state ", but rather many different " Marxist " theories that have been developed by adherents of Marxism.

The use of the term " dictatorship " does not refer to the Classical Roman concept of the dictatura ( the governance of a state by a small group with no democratic process ), but instead to the Marxist concept of dictatorship ( that an entire societal class holds political and economic control, within a democratic system ).

The army had had no ranks during the civil war and Korea, since in Marxist doctrine everyone was theoretically equal.

Marxist theories receive little attention in the United States where no significant Socialist party has flourished.

As in the Marxist theory, the problem is structural rather than organizational: given its special position in society ( controlling an important asset ), a lobby group can shift the distribution of income in its direction, impoverishing the rest, even though their role serves no reasonable purpose.

Another Marxist critic of Trevor-Roper was the Soviet historian A. D. Lublinskaya, who attacked the concept of a conflict between " Court " and " Country " as fiction, and thus argued there was no " general crisis ;" instead Lublinskaya maintained that the so-called " general crisis " was merely the normal workings of the emergence of capitalism.

Orthodox Marxists view state socialism as an oxymoron ; while an association for managing production and economic affairs would exist in socialism, it would no longer be a state in the Marxist definition ( which is based on domination by one class ).

Critique of Dialectical Reason is the product of a later stage in Sartre's thinking, during which he no longer identified Marxism with the Soviet Union or French Communism but came closer to identifying as a Marxist.

Their differences are immense: she is a stridently vocal Marxist Jew with strong anti-war opinions, and he is a carefree WASP with no particular political bent.

You were either a disciplined and undeviating Marxist or no socialist at all.

Ryū, who had been a Marxist economist of the Ōhara Institute for Social Research before he entered Asahi, advocated centrally planned economies in his Nihon Keizai no Saihensei ( Reorganization of Japanese Economies.

The philosopher Étienne Balibar wrote in 1993 that " there is no Marxist philosophy and there never will be ; on the other hand, Marx is more important for philosophy than ever before.

A significant percentage of the membership had no clear conception of Marxist theory and were unwilling to dedicate time and effort to advancing the mission of the organization.

The Marxist branch tended to support the formation of workers ' or socialist parties that participated in parliamentary politics in Western liberal democracies to advance their agendas, while anarchists tended to criticize parliamentary politics as not being sufficiently democratic " from the bottom up " and as providing no democratic control over the workplace and the means of production.

Marxist sociology and Marxist economics have no connection to religious issues and make no assertions about such things.

Colin Jones, for example, is no stranger to cultural history, Habermas, or Marxism, and has persistently argued that the Marxist interpretation is not dead, but can be revivified ; after all, Habermas ' logic was heavily indebted to a Marxist understanding.