Materials, such as solids, liquids and gases, are composed of molecules separated by empty space.

Materials such as PVC, leather and rubber latex, are amongst the most common to immediately take on the signifying work of fetish attire.

Standards that describe calibration and operation for radiation dosimetry, as well as procedures to relate the measured dose to the effects achieved and to report and document such results, are maintained by the American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM international ) and are also available as ISO / ASTM standards.

Materials science has driven, and been driven by, the development of revolutionary technologies such as plastics, semiconductors, and biomaterials.

:* Materials characterization – such as diffraction with x-rays, electrons, or neutrons, and various forms of spectroscopy and chemical analysis such as Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy ( EDS ), chromatography, thermal analysis, electron microscope analysis, etc., in order to understand and define the properties of materials.

Materials that can be characterized by classical theory of elasticity is known as linear elastic materials, even for such materials the linear relationship between stress and strain may be valid only for a certain range of strains.

Materials science is utilized in the production of many industrially important substances, such as concrete, paint, and chocolate, which have complex flow characteristics.

The top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band might not occur at that same value of k. Materials with this situation, such as silicon and germanium, are known as indirect bandgap materials.

Materials other than sand are also often used, such as oatmeal, which are necessarily non-toxic and light enough to easily vacuum away.

Materials commonly used in urban areas for pavement and roofs, such as concrete and asphalt, have significantly different thermal bulk properties ( including heat capacity and thermal conductivity ) and surface radiative properties ( albedo and emissivity ) than the surrounding rural areas.

Materials required for advancing technology ( e. g., photoresists and other polymers and industrial chemicals ) are derived from natural resources such as petroleum and so are affected by the cost and supply of these resources.

# Materials such as bone, lard or tallow, are sent to a rendering plant.

Several research institutions are located in the province, such as the SCK • CEN, the European Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements ( IRMM ) and the Flemish Institute for Technological Research ( VITO ).

Materials which make up the brake shoe include, friction modifiers ( which can include can include graphite and cashew nut shells ), powdered metal such as lead, zinc, brass, aluminium and other metals that resist heat fade, binders, curing agents and fillers such as rubber chips to reduce brake noise.

Harpies are commonly depicted as a race of bird-women, such as in Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials book series.

Materials almost always classified as floor covering include carpet, area rugs, and resilient flooring such as linoleum or vinyl flooring.

He comes up with the ideas that Tender is credited for, such as his autobiography, the " Book of Very Common Prayer ", and the Tender Branson Sensitive Materials Sanitary Landfill.

Materials and compounds exhibit different hygroscopic properties, and this difference can lead to detrimental effects, such as stress concentration in composite materials.

Materials that are different, but only slightly so, such as the isotopes of uranium, are very difficult to separate.

Materials almost always classified as floor covering include carpet, area rugs, and resilient flooring such as linoleum or vinyl flooring.

Materials that come in contact with pheromone, such as clothes, skin, and dead prey or hornets, can also trigger an attack, as can certain food flavorings, such as banana and apple flavorings, and fragrances which contain C < sub > 5 </ sub > alcohols and C < sub > 10 </ sub > esters.

Prehispanic Source Materials enumerates the products that Mindoro traders exchanged with the Chinese as " beeswax, cotton, true pearls, tortoise shell, medicinal betelnuts and yu-ta cloth " for Chinese porcelain, trade gold, iron pots, lead, colored glass beads and iron needles.

Materials characterising the Impuls, were the in the beginning 1990s state of the art glass fibre composite used in wings, tail booms and outer fuselage shell.

Materials used to refresh recollection are admissible as evidence.

Other fields where chemical degrees are useful include Astrochemistry ( and Cosmochemistry ), Atmospheric chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Chemo-informatics, Electrochemistry, Environmental science, Forensic science, Geochemistry, Green chemistry, History of chemistry, Materials science, Medical science, Molecular Biology, Molecular genetics, Nanotechnology, Nuclear chemistry, Oenology, Organometallic chemistry, Petrochemistry, Pharmacology, Photochemistry, Phytochemistry, Polymer chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry and Surface chemistry.

Materials that exhibit body couples and couple stresses in addition to moments produced exclusively by forces are called polar materials.

Materials that detonate ( explode faster than the speed of sound ) are said to be " high explosives " and materials that deflagrate are said to be " low explosives ".

In the United States, these acts are governed by Title 40 of the United States Code, " Importation, Manufacture, Distribution and Storage of Explosive Materials " ( 18 U. S. C.

Materials and energy are considered secondary factors in classical economics because they are obtained from land, labor and capital.

Materials aimed at instilling principles of nationalism and Islam in children are an aspect of Hezbollah's media operations.

Some examples of this are: R. A. Salvatore's Drizzt of " The Legend of Drizzt ", Kathryn Lasky's Soren of Guardians of Ga ' Hoole, David Eddings ' Belgarion in the Belgariad and Malloreon, Terry Brooks ' Shea and Wil Ohmsford of The Sword of Shannara and The Elfstones of Shannara, Terry Goodkind's Richard Cypher, Robert Jordan's Rand al ' Thor of The Wheel of Time, Pug and Arutha of Raymond Feist's Riftwar Saga, Philip Pullman's Lyra Belacqua of His Dark Materials, Ursula K. Le Guin's Ged, Aerial of the Darkangel Trilogy by Meredith Ann Pierce, and Christopher Paolini's Eragon of The Inheritance Cycleand Ashalind of the " Bitterbynd Trilogy ".

Materials that lack electron conduction are insulators if they lack other mobile charges as well.

Materials in which the band extrema are aligned in k, for example gallium arsenide, are called direct bandgap semiconductors.

Materials are deposited on top and materials are blown or washed from the surface.

* Materials science / Advanced materials-Scientists at ORNL are involved in studies ranging from fundamental research to the latest applications of virtually all classes of materials.

Materials consumed during production often have the largest impact on this category, which also includes the wages of employees who can be hired and laid off in the span of time ( long run or short run ) under consideration.

In Phillip Pullman's His Dark Materials novels, the European main characters often express fear of tartars, a term apparently referring to many Asian races, as the story takes place far from Mongolia.

Other Materials: Whitewater spraydecks often have additional features to ensure the best seal and greatest robustness.

Oxford is featured more often in literature and the cinema ; films with scenes shot in Oxford include Shadowlands and the Harry Potter movies, while Radcliffe Square was used in the filming of His Dark Materials: Northern Lights.

Given that the details of characters ' physical appearances are not often given in His Dark Materials ( for example, it is a long time before it is mentioned that the protagonist, Lyra, is blonde ), this is an unusual attention to physical detail.

Materials most commonly used by the figurine painter are some type of primer to undercoat the figurine ( making the paint adhere better ), paint, brush and often a sealant of some sort to protect the figurine after it is painted.

Materials included in those games are free to use, and often utilized for actual RPG making.

The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology ( often simply called the MacDiarmid Institute ) is a New Zealand research organisation specialising in materials science and nanotechnology.

Although LCA is often perceived as overly complex and time consuming for regular use by design professionals, research organizations such as BRE in the UK and the Athena Sustainable Materials Institute in North America are working to make it more accessible.

Materials traditionally used were metal — especially bronze — and, more commonly, wood, often lacquered, gilded, or brightly painted.

Materials such as glass, stone, timber and steel are often included in his works.

Materials with no full text available ( primarily journal articles ) can often be accessed using links to publishers and / or library holdings.

Materials used to construct the tube are most often plastics such as silicone or Teflon.

Materials used in messenger bags are often more durable and water-resistant than other over-the-shoulder bags.

Such casebooks are often known by the names of the leading professor authors, such as Prosser, Wade, & Schwartz's, Torts: Cases & Materials ( now in a 12th edition ).

Materials traditionally used were metal — especially bronze — and, more commonly, wood, often lacquered, gilded, or brightly painted.