" Thus, Poole's critique might better be understood as aimed at Calef, Mather's contemporary, who saw fit to ascribe to him, and his influence, the largest portion of blame.

According to literary critic Etta Madden, Baker's assertion that she's worthy of a statue in the town square reflects and mock's " Mather's memorializing of saints in his Magnalia Christi Americana " as well as the exucution sermons Puritans espoused to make " lessons of wayward females.

Later, with Robert Calef's observation of Mather's dealings with Margaret Rule, it became seen as the latter, with Mather perceived as drawing information from her through leading questions, and possibly having a prurient interest -- " Smutty " in Mather's words — in his intimate dealings with afflicted young women.

Poole refers to Calef as Mather's " personal enemy " and opens a line, " Without discussing the character and motives of Calef ..." and he does not follow up on this suggestiveness, to discuss any motive or reason to impune Calef's character.

Mather's most fatal influence over the trials was in composing the answer to the question of whether or not to allow Spectral evidence, that is, allowing the afflicted girls to claim that some invisible ghost of the defendant was tormenting them, and for this to be considered evidence of witchcraft by the defendant, even if the defendant denied it and professed their own strongly held Christian beliefs.

Hansen considered Mather's handling of the Goodwin Children to be sane and temperate.

Magnalia Christi Americana, considered Mather's greatest work, was published in 1702, when he was 39.

Of Mather's three wives and 15 children, only his last wife and two children survived him.

A number of Mather's requests concerning the charter were rejected, but William and Mary placated Mather by allowing him to nominate the colony's next governor.

His wingman told him to bailout, and Mather's canopy was seen to come off, but the F-84 crashed before he could get out.

Little is known today of Mather's life ; the gaps in his personal history and his taciturn personality may have been what earned him the sobriquet " Mysterious Dave.

The gunfight, which became known as the Variety Hall Shootout, was the first substantiated account to which Mather's name could be attached, and it launched him into western fame as a gunman.

Mather's friends said that he was obliged to leave Dodge permanently because of a vengeful mob that wanted to kill him ; they did not disclose his whereabouts.

According to Cotton Mather's biography of Dudley, he successfully disentangled a legacy of financial difficulties bequeathed to the earl, and the earl consequently came to depend on Dudley for financial advice.

The monarchs appointed Phips the first royal governor, at Mather's suggestion, under a newly issued colonial charter for the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

Sadducismus Triumphatus deeply influenced Cotton Mather's Wonders of the Invisible World ( 1693 ), written to justify the Salem witch trials in the following year.

It was indeed a superstitious age, but made much more so by their operations, influence, and writings, beginning with Increase Mather's movement at the assembly of Ministers in 1681 and ending with Cotton Mather's dealings with the Goodwin children, and the account thereof which he printed and circulated far and wide.

However, other critics have praised Mather's works, believing it to be one of the best efforts at properly documenting the establishment of America and growth of the people ( Halttunen 311 ).

Among the productions staged at this theater was Margaret Mather's ill-fated production of Cymbeline in 1897.

During this relatively brief stay in Boston, Phips attended Cotton Mather's services at the North Church, and established a close relationship with the influential pastor.

On 28 September 1886, at a General Meeting held in the Mather's Saleroom, it was unanimously resolved that in future the club be called Southport Football Club.

At the end of 2009 Mather's Cross was widened in order improve safety at the corner.

Mather's sister College is Morse College at Yale University.

* R. Kennedy and T. Knoles, " Increase Mather's ' Catechismus Logicus ': A Translation and an Analysis of the Role of a Ramist Catechism at Harvard ," Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, vol.

The common consensus at the time was that because of Nixon's previous attempt on Mather's life, Mather was acting in self defense.

" Poole announces his intention to redeem Mather's name, using as a springboard a harsh critique of a recently published tome by Charles Wentworth Upham called " Salem Witchcraft Volumes I and II With an Account of Salem Village and a History of Opinions on Witchcraft and Kindred Subjects.

It consists of seven " books " collected into two volumes, and it details the religious development of Massachusetts, and other nearby colonies in New England from 1620 to 1698. Notable parts of the book are Mather's descriptions of the Salem Witch Trials, in which he criticizes some of the methods of the court and attempts to distance himself from the event ; his account of the escape of Hannah Dustan, one of the best known to captivity narrative scholars ; his complete " catalogus " of all the students that graduated from Harvard College, and story of the founding of Harvard College itself ; and his assertions that Puritan slaveholders should do more to convert their slaves to Christianity.

Mather's text thus is one of the more important documents in American history, because it reflects a particular tradition of seeing and understanding the significance of place.

In particular, Mather's review of the American experiment sought to explain signs of his time and the types of individuals drawn to the colonies as predicting the success of the venture.

In November 1713, Mather's wife, newborn twins, and two-year-old daughter all succumbed during a measles epidemic.

Cotton Mather's relationship with his well-known father, Increase Mather, is thought by some to have been a strained and difficult one.

Despite Cotton Mather's efforts, he never became quite as well known and successful in politics as his father.

Boylston and Mather's inoculation crusade " raised a horrid Clamour " amongst the people of Boston.

) At the extreme, in November 1721, someone hurled a lighted grenade into Cotton Mather's house.

The original full version of the letter, called Return of the Several Ministers dated June 15, 1692, and had already been reprinted in the fall 1692 in the final two pages of Increase Mather's Cases of Conscience.

The last event in Cotton Mather's involvement with witchcraft was his attempt to cure Mercy Short and Margaret Rule.

Poole was not a historian, but a famous librarian, and a lover of literature, including Mather's Magnalia " and other books and tracts, numbering nearly 400 were never so prized by collectors as today.

Upham shows a balanced and complicated view of Cotton Mather such as this first mention: " One of Cotton Mather's most characteristic productions is the tribute to his venerated master.

" He goes on to say that Calef's collection of writings " gave a shock to Mather's influence, from which it never recovered.

") Many of Poole's arguments were easily attended to, but both authors emphasize the importance of Cotton Mather's difficult and contradictory view on spectral evidence, as copied in the final pages of Increase Mather's " Cases of Conscience " called " The Return of Several Ministers.

John Roche, a contemporary critic, claimed that the Moravians " commonly broke into some disconnected Jargon, which they often passed upon the vulgar, ' as the exuberant and resistless Evacuations of the Spirit '".

Though not a commercial success, Gilded was measured by rock critic Robert Christgau as " an ominous, obsessive, tongue-in-cheek country-rock synthesis, absorbing rural and urban, traditional and contemporary, at point of impact.

As one critic writes: " Pei has been aptly described as combining a classical sense of form with a contemporary mastery of method.

A contemporary French critic wrote, " A magic power transported us into the forests which for so many years this man of genius has trod.

Despite his reputation as a serious composer of large, complex musical structures, some of Brahms's most widely known and most commercially successful compositions during his life were small-scale works of popular intent aimed at the thriving contemporary market for domestic music-making ; indeed, during the 20th century, the influential American critic B. H. Haggin, rejecting more mainstream views, argued in his various guides to recorded music that Brahms was at his best in such works and much less successful in larger forms.

" Richard Holmes, in 1998, declared the importance of the poem's Preface while describing the reception of the 1816 volume of poems: " However, no contemporary critic saw the larger possible significance of Coleridge's Preface to ' Kubla Khan ', though it eventually became one of the most celebrated, and disputed, accounts of poetic composition ever written.

Following a theory proposed by a contemporary biblical critic, Freud believed that Moses was murdered in the wilderness, producing a collective sense of patricidal guilt that has been at the heart of Judaism ever since.

Crash was, despite his erratic behavior, generally regarded as a brilliant lyricist ( a contemporary critic described him as " ransacking the dictionary "), and the final lineup of Smear, Doom, and Bolles had become a world-class rock ensemble by the recording of ( GI ), turning in a performance that spurred an LA Weekly reviewer to write, " This album leaves exit wounds.

The library of the Gerolamini at Naples possesses an interesting manuscript compilation recording Paisiello's opinions on contemporary composers, and exhibiting him as a somewhat severe critic, especially of the work of Pergolesi.

Austrian School economist Friedrich Hayek was Keynes's most prominent contemporary critic, with sharply opposing views on the economy.

Chicago Tribune critic Chris Jones, noted in his review of the Broadway musical, " Bloody, Bloody, Andrew Jackson " that the hybrid had become the most viable of the contemporary formats.

Though never a paid critic as Debussy had been, Ravel had strong opinions on historical and contemporary music and musicians, which influenced his younger contemporaries.

Although today Gautier is less well known as an art critic than his great contemporary, Baudelaire, he was more highly regarded by the painters of his time.

" Taken in this sense, the super-ego is the precedent for the conceptualization of the inner critic as it appears in contemporary therapies such as IFS and Voice Dialogue.

In contemporary English language, an advocate of Trotsky's ideas is often called a " Trotskyist "; a Trotskyist can be called a " Trotskyite " or " Trot ", especially by a critic of Trotskyism.

Thomas Warton, the eighteenth century critic, considered Wyatt ' confessedly an inferior ' to his contemporary Henry Howard, and that Wyatt's ' genius was of the moral and didactic species and be deemed the first polished English satirist '.

Gaius Asinius Pollio ( sometimes wrongly called Pollius or Philo ) ( Teate Marrucinorum-currently Chieti in Abruzzi 75 BC – AD 4 ) was a Roman soldier, politician, orator, poet, playwright, literary critic and historian, whose lost contemporary history, provided much of the material for the historians Appian and Plutarch.

She was an avid reader and critic of contemporary literature, reviewing for publications such as the London Evening Standard, The Spectator, The Daily Mail, The Times, The Sunday Times and Books & Bookmen.

Cui's primary goal as a critic was to promote the music of contemporary Russian composers, especially the works of his now better-known co-members of The Five.

A contemporary critic, in a broadly favourable review, wrote, " Bliss has wisely cleared his idiom of modern harmonic astringency.

Becker subsequently moved to the Hawaiian island of Maui with his family where he became an " avocado rancher and self styled critic of the contemporary scene.

For example the passage in which Parthenophil wishes to be transformed into the wine his mistress drinks, so that he might pass through her, excited the derision of at least one hostile contemporary critic, Thomas Nashe.

* Gholam-Hussein Yusufi, professor in the Department of Persian Language and Literature at FUM, celebrated contemporary writer and literary critic

* Mohammad Reza Shafiei-Kadkani, graduate of the School of Letters and Humanities at FUM, professor of Persian Language and Literature at the University of Tehran, celebrated contemporary poet and literary critic