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Medieval military doctrine employed them as part of a combined-arms force along with various kinds of foot troops ; however medieval chroniclers tended to pay undue attention to the knights at the expense of the rank and file, which led early students of military history to suppose that this heavy cavalry was the only force that mattered on medieval European battlefields, which was not the case.
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Medieval and military
Medieval fortification is military methods of medieval technology that covers the development of fortification construction and use in Europe roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance.
Just as modern military engineers enhance field fortifications with obstacles such as barbed wire, Medieval engineers used a number of obstacle types including abatis, caltrops, cheval de frise, and trou de loup.
Back scabbards were never used in European, Near East, or Indian military cultures, and depictions of such are a modern invention and have enjoyed great popularity in fiction and fantasy, to the point that they are widely believed to be a Medieval invention.
According to one theory, increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, as Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades which began in 1096 and the Islamic presence in Spain brought the knowledge of pointed arches to Medieval Europe.
The long term implications of the battle of Adrianople have often been overstated, with many Twentieth Century writers repeating Sir Charles Oman's idea that the battle represented a turning point in military history, with heavy cavalry triumphing over Roman infantry and ushering in the age of the Medieval knight.
Medieval military leaders in northern Honshū maintained only tenuous political and cultural ties to the imperial court and its proxies, the Kamakura Shogunate and Ashikaga Shogunate.
Both plays were based on the legend of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar ( nicknamed ' El Cid Campeador '), a military figure in Medieval Spain.
* Edward is also a key military commander in Medieval: Total War.
Boyar sons are featured as a military unit for the Novgorod faction in the 2006 strategy game Medieval II: Total War.
* " Helmets ... A Medieval Note In Modern Warfare ", August 1942, Popular Science evolution of military helmets
Especially in Medieval Latin, præfectus was used to refer to various officers — administrative, military, judicial, etc .— usually alongside a more precise term in the vernacular ( such as Burggraf ).
In many ways, the ' High Council ' constitutes a bit of comic relief, especially from the expansionist military adviser, who will insist on more troops even when the player has 60 battleships, or during the Medieval Period will sing the last refrain from the 18th Century English traditional song " Down Among the Dead Men ", punctuated with a hearty " No complaints, sire !".
Category: Medieval Greek military writers
Because of their good reputation in military history, Swiss Pikemen feature as prominent special military units in various strategy games, including Medieval: Total War, Age of Empires III.
The bascinet was a Medieval European open-faced military helmet, typically fitted with an aventail and hinged visor.
III 466 ), although Ancient and Medieval literature ( e. g. Icelandic sagas and Middle High German epics ) record specific martial deeds and military knowledge ; in addition, historical artwork depicts combat and weaponry ( e. g. the Bayeux tapestry, the Morgan Bible ).
State, Society and military change in Medieval and Early Modern Europe ( London 1995 )
The military rank of a knight banneret was higher than a knight bachelor ( who fought under another's banner ), but lower than an earl or duke ; the word derives from the French banneret, from bannire, banner, elliptical for seigneur-or chevalier banneret, Medieval Latin banneretus.
Category: Medieval Bulgarian military personnel
Category: Medieval military leaders
* Sophia Menache, " Medieval states and military orders: the Order of Calatrava in the late Middle Ages ," in Iris Shagrir, Ronnie Ellenblum, and Jonathan Riley-Smith ( eds ), In laudem Hierosolymitani: Studies in Crusades and Medieval Culture in Honour of Benjamin Z. Kedar ( Aldershot, Ashgate, 2007 ) ( Crusades-Subsidia, 1 ),
Medieval and doctrine
The Council upheld the basic structure of the Medieval Church, its sacramental system, religious orders, and doctrine.
Limbo is an afterlife condition hypothesized by Medieval Roman Catholic theologians, but not made official Catholic doctrine.
This point was crucial to later theological acceptance, since Medieval religious doctrine dictates that the individual soul must possess free will, in order to be responsible for its own choices and the consequences that flow from them.
Medieval and employed
Medieval Muslim engineers employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and used dams as a source of water power to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines.
The grosse messer was a Medieval large knife, employed both as a tool and as a weapon.
A similar technique was also employed by Scandinavian Medieval swordsmiths.
Medieval Japan employed spears for infantrymen to use, but it was not until the 11th century in Japan that samurai began to use spears over bows. Several spears ( Yari ) and pole weapons were very fearsome in the Japanese theatres ; the naginata was a heavy, but powerful pole arm often used by mounted samurai in the 16th century.
* Sipahis are employed by the Turks in Medieval II Total War in three different forms: Sipahis, mounted archers ; Sipahi Lancers, heavy cavalry, and Dismounted Sipahi Lancers, heavy infantry.
Some German combat manuals have sections dedicated to flamboyant techniques to be employed in such Klopffechten (" knockabout fighting "), which would be impractical in serious combat, and the Late Medieval German masters distinguish mock fights ( fechten zu schimpf ) and real combat ( fechten zu ernst ).
* Medieval poetry which often employed the supernatural as a mean of literary artifice, such as Le Roman de la Rose Romance Of The Rose by Guillaume de Lorris ( c. 1230 ), the ballads of Marie de France ( c. 1170 ), Le Jeu de la Feuillée Game Of The Leaves ( c. 1275 ) by Adam de la Halle, and the anonymous Le Livre de la Fontaine Périlleuse Book Of The Perilous Fountain ( c. 1425 ).
Medieval European trip hammers by the 15th century were most often in the shape of the vertical pestle stamp-mill, although they employed more frequent use of the vertical waterwheel than earlier Chinese versions ( which often used the horizontal waterwheel ).
An amah or ayah (,,, Medieval Latin: amma ; or ayah Hindi: āyā,, Latin: avia, Tagalog: yaya ) is a girl or woman employed by a family to clean and look after children etc.
Medieval and them
The polyphonic organization of different melodies to sound at the same time was still a relatively new invention then, and it is understandable that the mathematical or physical relationships in frequency that give rise to the musical intervals as we hear them, should be foremost among the preoccupations of Medieval musicians.
Also in Christendom during the Medieval, grimoires were written that were attributed to other ancient figures, thereby supposedly giving them a sense of authenticity because of their antiquity.
Similarly, it was commonly believed by Medieval people that other ancient figures like the poet Virgil, astronomer Ptolemy and philosopher Aristotle had been involved in magic, and grimoires claiming to have been written by them were circulated.
Medieval juries were self-informing, in that individuals were chosen as jurors because they either knew the parties and the facts, or they had the duty to discover them.
Later Rabbis, in Medieval Judaism, rejected these Enochic literary works from the Biblical canon, making every attempt to root them out.
Staff-weapons in Medieval or Renaissance England were lumped together under the generic term " staves " but when dealing with them in detail we are faced with terminological difficulty.
In Medieval Judaism, the Rabbis rejected these Enochic literary works into the Biblical canon, making every attempt to root them out.
Medieval bestiaries also mention several varieties of satyrs, sometimes comparing them to apes or monkeys.
In Medieval Europe, the corpses of some people executed as werewolves were cremated rather than buried in order to prevent them from being resurrected as vampires.
Medieval views of Jews also saw them as having a propensity for making well-crafted and beautiful things, a trait shared with Norse dwarves.
Although a similar observation was made by Aristotle and was known to Greek and Medieval logicians ( in the 14th century, William of Ockham wrote down the words that would result by reading the laws out ), De Morgan is given credit for stating the laws formally and incorporating them in to the language of logic.
Medieval authors continued a tradition of locating the Amazons in the North, Adam of Bremen placing them at the Baltic Sea and Paulus Diaconus in the heart of Germania.
Medieval Kabbalistic grimoires show hexagrams among the tables of segulot, but without identifying them as " Shield of David ".
Medieval Jewish philosopher Maimonides in his codification of Halakha cautioned judges to preserve the self-respect of people who came before them: " Let not human dignity be light in his eyes ; for the respect due to man supersedes a negative rabbinical command ".
" However, the book became hugely popular, spreading across Britain in the Late Medieval period, when more Arthurian texts were produced, and many of them began propagating the idea that Arthur himself was actually born at Tintagel.
This paradigm was highly influential in Medieval natural philosophy, and Paracelsus drew a range of mythological beings into this paradigm by identifying them as belonging to one of the four elemental types.
Though Medieval gardens lacked many of the features of the Renaissance gardens that followed them, some of the characteristics of these gardens continue to be incorporated today.
A very small number of miniatures from Late Antique illustrated books also survive, and a rather larger number of copies of them from the Early Medieval period.
The myth behind this cake tells that a Pastry chef, visiting Medieval England, witnessed their tradition of piling sweet rolls between the bride and groom which they would attempt to kiss over without knocking them all down.
Today, the exact meaning of the word " Wulf " is unclear but in Medieval times it was common practice to assign the names of birds, animals or fish to people in order to identify them.
Medieval illustrations imagine them in some way " inverted ", with their feet growing out of their heads, pointing upward.
Andersen devotes a chapter to this theory, entitled " Pagan or Medieval ", and while he suggests possible pagan influences on Irish sheela na gigs, he firmly places them in a medieval context.
His Latin sacred settings, such as the Lux Aeterna and motets, often reference Gregorian chant plus Medieval and Renaissance procedures while blending them within a freshly contemporary sound while other works such as the Madrigali and Cuatro Canciones are highly chromatic or atonal.
This is because much more water is absorbed along its course than with the Diamantina or Georgina, but could possibly be also because centennial or multicentennial wet and dry cycles in those basins causing them to regularly reach the lake during wet periods ( there is some evidence from terraces around Lake Eyre that this occurred during the Medieval Warm Period ).
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