Medieval theologians, in western Europe, described the underworld (" hell ", " hades ", " infernum ") as divided into four distinct parts: Hell of the Damned ( which some call Gehenna ), Purgatory, Limbo of the Fathers or Patriarchs, and Limbo of the Infants.

Medieval theologians drew attention to some of the fairly trivial examples of restrictions upon the power of a deity.

Medieval theologians in Western Europe described the underworld (" Hell ", " Hades ", " Infernum ") as divided into four distinct parts: Hell of the Damned ( which some call Gehenna ), Purgatory, Limbo of the Fathers or Patriarchs, and Limbo of the Infants.

Medieval and Renaissance theologians believed angels to possess reason, love, imagination, and — like God — to stand outside the physical limitations of time.

Limbo is an afterlife condition hypothesized by Medieval Roman Catholic theologians, but not made official Catholic doctrine.

Medieval scholars and theologians, translating both the Bible and Greek philosophers into Latin out of the Koine and Classical Greek, cobbled together many new abstract concept words in Latin.

Medieval theologians in the High Middle Ages were usually scholastics who criticised other philosophical scholars.

In the Medieval period, the production of grimoires continued in Christendom as well as amongst Jews and the followers of the newly founded Islamic faith.

In given cycles, the plays came to be sponsored by the newly emerging Medieval craft guilds.

Medieval Dublin was a tightly knit place of around 5, 000 to 10, 000 people, intimate enough for every newly married citizen to be escorted by the mayor to the city bullring to kiss the enclosure for good luck.

In 1870, the year when the newly created Kingdom of Italy carried out the Capture of Rome and put an end to the Pope's Temporal power ( Papal ) | temporal power, Laurens made this painting of the Cadaver Synod, a notorious Medieval event reflecting badly on the Papacy's reputation

Probatio pennae ( also written probatio pennę ; in Medieval Latin ; literally " pen test ") is the medieval term for breaking in a new pen, and used to refer to text written to test a newly cut pen.

In 1872 he went to the university of Strassburg and in 1873 to Leipzig, where he became Professor for Medieval and Modern Art at the newly founded Institute for Art History.

Its corpus, already a varied mixture of Khuzdul, Avarin, and Sindarin, was probably now exposed more heavily to the influence of Quenya ( which served a role much the same as Latin in Medieval Europe ) and possibly even Valarin, both due to regular contact with Aman.

, with its cantilevered upper floors, exposed concrete structure, and its similar interpretation of public and private spaces, they also drew from the example of Medieval and Renaissance Italian town halls and public spaces, as well as from the bold granite structures of 19th-century Boston ( including Alexander Parris ' Quincy Market immediately to the east ).

Bargeboard ( probably from Medieval Latin bargus, or barcus, a scaffold, and not from the now obsolete synonym vergeboard ) is a board fastened to the projecting gables of a roof to give them strength and to mask, hide and protect the otherwise exposed end of the horizontal timbers or purlins of the roof to which they were attached.

For Aristotle, the first cause was the unmoved mover, a being which set the universe into motion without itself being in motion, which has been read as God, particularly when Aristotle's work became prevalent again in the Medieval West.

* Robert Grosseteste translates Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics from Greek into Latin, it marks the true start of the rediscovery of the philosopher by Medieval Europe.

Aristotle's fame was not great during the Hellenistic period, when Stoic logic was in vogue, but later peripatetic commentators popularized his work ; it formed the basis of Islamic, Jewish, and Christian Medieval philosophy.

The Tradition of Commentaries on Aristotle's De anima, Ashgate Studies in Medieval Philosophy, 2007, pp. 179 – 203.

Medieval readers took the ascription to Aristotle as authentic and treated this work among Aristotle's genuine works.

Empyrean, from the Medieval Latin empyreus, an adaptation of the Ancient Greek ἔμπυρος empyrus " in or on the fire ( pyr )", properly Empyrean Heaven, is the place in the highest heaven, which in ancient cosmologies was supposed to be occupied by the element of fire ( or aether in Aristotle's natural philosophy ).

The Corpus Aristotelicum is the collection of Aristotle's works that have survived from antiquity through Medieval manuscript transmission.

In Western philosophy, the spread of Christianity through the Roman Empire marked the ending of Hellenistic philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of Medieval philosophy, whereas in Eastern philosophy, the spread of Islam through the Arab Empire marked the end of Old Iranian philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of early Islamic philosophy.

Medieval aesthetics in the realm of philosophy built upon Classical thought, continuing the practice of Plotinus by employing theological terminology in its explications.

Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking.

Category: Medieval philosophy

* Medieval philosophy

Christian writers in Medieval Spain translated many works from Arabic, mainly philosophy and mathematics, but also Arab fiction, as is evidenced by Juan Manuel's story collection El Conde Lucanor and Ramón Llull's The Book of Beasts.

Medieval re-discovery of Greek thought among Gaonim of 10th century Babylonian academies brought rationalist philosophy into Biblical-Talmudic Judaism.

They were also carried into the Muslim world, from which they were reintroduced into the West to form the foundation of Medieval philosophy and the Renaissance, as discussed below.

The spread of Christianity throughout the Roman world, followed by the spread of Islam, ushered in the end of Hellenistic philosophy and the beginnings of Medieval philosophy, which was dominated by the three Abrahamic traditions: Jewish philosophy, Christian philosophy, and early Islamic philosophy.

Category: Medieval philosophy

p ' ye-baek – pacte civil de solidarité – pain during intercourse – painful ejaculation – painful intercourse – painful ovulation – painful sex – pair-bonding – pairbond – pait likkhi – panderer – pandering – pansexual – pansexuality – panty fetishism – panty liner – panty pad – pantyhose fetishism – para 0 – para 1 – paramesonephric ducts – paranymph – paraphilia – paraphiliac – paraphilic adolescentilism – paraphilic gerontalism – paraphilic infantilism – paraphilic juvenilism – paraphimosis – parasympathetic nervous system – paraurethral glands – parovarium – paroöphoron – Parsee wedding – Parsi marriage customs – Parsi wedding – parthenogenesis – parthenos – partial androgen insensitivity syndrome – partialism – partialism ( paraphilia ) – partible paternity – party and play – passivism – pasties-paternity – paternity suit – pathicus – patriarchy – patrilocal residence – pearling – pearly penile papules – pecattiphilia – pedal pumping – pederasty – pediophilia – pedophilia – 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plaçage – plethysmography – plural marriage – plushophile – plushophilia – PnP – podophilia – point of no return – polyamory – polyandry – polyandry in Tibet – polycystic ovary syndrome – polyfidelity – polygamy – polygynandry – polygyny – polyiterophilia – polymastia – polymorphous perverse – polymorphous perversity – polythelia – pomosexual – pompoir – pony boots ( fetish footwear ) – ponyboy – ponygirl – poppers – popping her cherry – population control – Pornographic film actor – pornai – pornographic magazine – pornographic movie – pornographic novel – pornography – pornography in Europe – pornography in Japan – pornography in the United States – post-coital tristesse – post-natal depression – post-orgasmic pain – post-partum sex taboo – posterior commissure of labia – posthumous marriage – postmasturbatory urine – postpartum examination – potency – pozcum – pre-eclampsia – pre-ejaculate – pre-ejaculatory fluid – pre-marital sex – pre-menstrual tension – pre-op transsexual – precocious puberty – predicament bondage – prednisone – pregnancy – pregnancy fetishism – pregnancy over age 50 – Prehn's sign – preimplantation genetic diagnosis – premarital intercourse – premature ejaculation – premature puberty – premenstrual dysphoric disorder – premenstrual stress syndrome – prenatal masculinization – prenatal screening – prenatal testing – prenuptial agreement – prepenetrative orgasm – prepuce ( disambiguation ) – prepuce plasty – preputial plasty – preputial ring – preputial stenosis – preputioplasty – President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography – priapism – Priapus – primatologist – primigravida – Prince Albert piercing – prince's wand – Princess Albertina – prison rape – prison sexuality – private dancer-proceptive phase – procurer – professional dominant – professional dominatrix – professional submissive – progesterone – progesterone only pill – progestin – progestin-induced hermaphroditism – progestin-induced virilisation – progestogen – prohibited 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prostitution in Latin America – prostitution in Medieval Europe – prostitution in Myanmar – prostitution in Nepal – prostitution in Nevada – prostitution in New Zealand – prostitution in Rhode Island – prostitution in Russia – prostitution in Saudi Arabia – prostitution in South Korea – prostitution in Sweden – prostitution in Taiwan – prostitution in Thailand – prostitution in the Czech Republic – prostitution in the Netherlands – prostitution in the People's Republic of China – prostitution in the Philippines – prostitution in the Republic of Ireland – prostitution in the United Kingdom – prostitution in the United States – proxy marriage – proxy wedding – prudery – pseudocyesis – pseudohermaphrodite – pseudohermaphroditism – pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias – psychoendocrinology – psychohormonal – psycholagny – psychomotor epilepsy – Psychopathia Sexualis – psychopathia transsexualis – psychopathic – psychosexual development – psychosexual disorder – psychosexual inversion – psychosexual stages – psychrophilia – PT-141 – pubertal delay – puberty – puberty blockers – pubic depilation – pubic dressing – pubic hair – pubic lice – pubic piercing – pubic shaving – pubic symphysis – public nudity – public sex – pubococcygeus muscle – pudenda – pudendal cleft – pudendal nerve – puerperal psychosis – puerperium – pup-play – purdah – puritan – puritanism – purity ring – putative marriage – PVC fetishism – pygmalionism – pygophilia – pyromania – pyrophilia –

* Quiddity and Haecceity, similar concepts from Medieval philosophy.

This intellectual form synthesises Hasidic Divine Omnipresence and Jewish soulfulness with other historical components of Rabbinic literature, embodied in the Talmud, Medieval philosophy, Musar ( ethical ) literature and Lurianic Kabbalah.

This paradigm was highly influential in Medieval natural philosophy, and Paracelsus drew a range of mythological beings into this paradigm by identifying them as belonging to one of the four elemental types.

This usage dates back to the Medieval period, where the phrase ' not worth a fart ' would be applied to an item held to be worthless.

Medieval European maps applied the name Niger to the middle reaches of the river, in modern Mali, but Quorra ( Kworra ) to the lower reaches in modern Nigeria, as these were not recognized as being the same river.

Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to the Berbers, Arabs, Muslim Iberians and West Africans from Mali and Niger who had been absorbed into the Almoravid dynasty.

Consuetudinary ( Medieval Latin consuetudinarius, from consuetudo, custom ) is a term applied to law where the rule of law is determined by long-standing custom as opposed to case law or statute.

Medieval restorers unfamiliar with the encaustic method found that the paints they applied to the damaged areas " simply sloughed off the image " according to the medieval chronicler Risinius, and their solution was to erase the original image and to repaint it on the original panel, which was believed to be holy because of its legendary origin as a table top from the home of the Holy Family.

* Leman, an archaic word for " sweetheart, paramour ," from Medieval British leofman ( c. 1205 ), from Old English leof ( cognate of Dutch lief, German lieb ) " dear " + man " human being, person " was originally applied to either gender, but usually means mistress.

Medieval scholastic discussions accompanied its development, for example about de re versus de dicto modalities: said in recent terms, in the de re modality the modal functor is applied to an open sentence, the variable is bound by a quantifier whose scope includes the whole intensional subterm.