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Meerschaum ( hydrated magnesium silicate ), a mineral found in small shallow deposits mainly around the city of Eskişehir in central Turkey, is prized for the properties which allows it to be carved into finely detailed decorative and figural shapes.
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Meerschaum and magnesium
Meerschaum is a hydrous magnesium silicate having the chemical formula Mg < sub > 4 </ sub > Si < sub > 6 </ sub > O < sub > 15 </ sub >( OH )< sub > 2 </ sub >· 6H < sub > 2 </ sub > O.
Meerschaum and ),
Meerschaum ( or ), also sepiolite, is a soft white mineral, often used to make smoking pipes.
Meerschaum and mineral
Meerschaum is a very porous mineral that absorbs elements of the tobacco during the smoking process, and gradually changes color to a golden brown.
Meerschaum and found
Meerschaum is also found, though less abundantly, in Greece, as at Thebes, and in the islands of Euboea and Samos ; it occurs also in serpentine at Hrubschitz near Kromau in Moravia.
Meerschaum and Eskişehir
Eskişehir is internationally known as the source of Meerschaum, a white foamy stone which is used for smoking pipes with detailed carvings.
Meerschaum and Turkey
Tanganyika Meerschaum is normally stained in shades of brown, black and yellow, and is considered to be somewhat inferior to Meerschaum from Turkey.
Meerschaum and is
The first and largest manufacturer of corncob pipes is Missouri Meerschaum, located in Washington, Missouri in the USA.
Meerschaum also softens when heated so it is recommended to allow meerschaum pipes to cool before cleaning as people have been known to push pipe cleaners through the walls of heated pipes.
It is the corncob pipe capital of the world, with Missouri Meerschaum located on the historic riverfront.
Meerschaum is opaque and of white, grey or cream color, breaking with a conchoidal or fine earthy fracture, and occasionally fibrous in texture.
Meerschaum has occasionally been used as a substitute for soapstone, fuller's earth, and as a building material ; but its chief use is for smoking pipes and cigarette holders.
It is also used in a solid form for carving, where it is known as Meerschaum.
Meerschaum and prized
Meerschaum became a premium substitute for the clay pipes of the day and remains prized to this day, though briar pipes have become the most common pipes starting in the mid 1800s.
Meerschaum and .
Missouri Meerschaum has produced the pipes since 1869.
Meerschaum pipes are held in a square of chamois leather, with gloves, or else by the stem in order to prevent uneven coloring of the material.
Meerschaum pipes may develop rich coloring from both age and use.
The raw material was primarily mined by the Tanganyika Meerschaum Corporation and uncounted pipemakers throughout the world were supplied with Amboseli Meerschaum.
Referenced in Edgar Allan Poe's short story " The Purloined Letter " and in Jan Neruda's short story " How Mr. Vorel Broke in His Meerschaum ".
hydrated and magnesium
Lansfordite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with composition: MgCO < sub > 3 </ sub >· 5H < sub > 2 </ sub > O.
* Epsom salt — hydrated magnesium sulfate
Both minerals are hydrated magnesium silicates, and are similar but not identical in terms of chemical composition.
Blödite is a hydrated sodium magnesium sulfate mineral with formula: Na < sub > 2 </ sub > Mg ( SO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 2 </ sub >· 4H < sub > 2 </ sub > O.
Chemically it is hydrated sodium calcium aluminium magnesium silicate hydroxide ( Na, Ca )< sub > 0. 33 </ sub >( Al, Mg )< sub > 2 </ sub >( Si < sub > 4 </ sub > O < sub > 10 </ sub >)( OH )< sub > 2 </ sub >· nH < sub > 2 </ sub > O.
Polyhalite is an evaporite mineral, a hydrated sulfate of potassium, calcium and magnesium with formula: K < sub > 2 </ sub > Ca < sub > 2 </ sub > Mg ( SO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 4 </ sub >· 2 ( H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ).
Carnallite is an evaporite mineral, a hydrated potassium magnesium chloride with formula: KMgCl < sub > 3 </ sub >· 6 ( H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ).
Carnallite can also be replicated by the combination of hydrated magnesium halide and alkali halides with same anions produced by grinding.
hydrated and silicate
Analcime consists of hydrated sodium aluminium silicate in cubic crystalline form.
Carbonatation, or neutralisation, is a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide in the air with calcium hydroxide and hydrated calcium silicate in the concrete.
Chrysocolla is a hydrated copper silicate mineral with formula ( Cu, Al )< sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 2 </ sub > Si < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 5 </ sub >( OH )< sub > 4 </ sub >· nH < sub > 2 </ sub > O.
* Martín-Gil J, Martín-Gil FJ, José-Yacamán M, Carapia-Morales L and Falcón-Bárcenas T. " Microwave-assisted synthesis of hydrated sodium uranyl oxonium silicate ".
Harmotome is a mineral, one of the rarer zeolites ; a hydrated barium silicate with formula: ( Ba < sub > 0. 5 </ sub >, Ca < sub > 0. 5 </ sub >, Na, K )< sub > 5 </ sub > Al < sub > 5 </ sub >, Si < sub > 11 </ sub > O < sub > 32 </ sub >· 12 ( H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ).
Its molecular formula is ()< sub > 2 </ sub >· 4H < sub > 2 </ sub > O, a hydrated calcium-aluminium silicate.
Phillipsite is a mineral of the zeolite group ; a hydrated potassium, calcium and aluminium silicate, approximating to ( Ca, Na < sub > 2 </ sub >, K < sub > 2 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub > Al < sub > 6 </ sub > Si < sub > 10 </ sub > O < sub > 32 </ sub >· 12H < sub > 2 </ sub > O.
hydrated and ),
It is uncertain where it was first discovered that a combination of hydrated non-hydraulic lime and a pozzolan produces a hydraulic mixture ( see also: Pozzolanic reaction ), but concrete made from such mixtures was first used by the Ancient Macedonians and three centuries later on a large scale by Roman engineers.
Europium dissolves readily in dilute sulfuric acid to form pale pink solutions of the hydrated Eu ( III ), which exist as a nonahydrate:
The term hydrated sodium carbonate is commonly used to encompass the monohydrate ( Na < sub > 2 </ sub > CO < sub > 3 </ sub >· H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ), the decahydrate and the heptahydrate ( Na < sub > 2 </ sub > CO < sub > 3 </ sub >· 7H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ), but is often used in industry to refer to the decahydrate only.
Portland cement mortar ( is very often known simply as cement mortar ) and is created by mixing Ordinary Portland cement ( OPC ), hydrated lime, and aggregate ( or sand ) with water.
Sufferers are advised to rest, avoid fatty foods and alcohol ( these may be poorly tolerated for some additional months during the recovery phase and cause minor relapses ), eat a well-balanced diet, and stay hydrated.
* Brown ochre ( Goethite ), also partly hydrated iron oxide ( rust )
Military participants have a choice of two options ; they either walk 50 km a day or 40 km when they have at least 10 kilogrammes of dead weight ( if they are over 18 years of age ), in addition to large amounts of water to keep hydrated in the heat.
Torbernite, whose name derives from the Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman ( 1735-1784 ), is a radioactive, hydrated green copper uranyl phosphate mineral, found in granites and other uranium-bearing deposits as a secondary mineral.
These are still used by some producers, but more modern substances have also been introduced and are more widely used, including isinglass, bentonite, gelatin, casein, carrageenan, alginate, diatomaceous earth, pectinase, pectolase, PVPP ( Polyclar ), kieselsol ( colloidal silica ), copper sulfate, dried albumen, hydrated yeast, and activated carbon.
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