Ottoman defeats in the war caused Mehmed III to take personal command of the army, the first sultan to do so since Suleyman I. Mehmed III's armies conquered Eger in 1596 and defeated the Habsburg and Transylvanian forces at the Battle of Keresztes ( Turkish for Battle of Hacova ) during which the Sultan had to be dissuaded from fleeing the field halfway through the battle.

In 1599, the third year of Mehmed III's reign, Queen Elizabeth I sent a convoy of gifts to the Ottoman court.

Mehmed III's armies defeated the Habsburg and Transylvania n forces at the Battle of Mezőkeresztes | Battle of Keresztes.

Between 1861 and 1871, the Tanzimat reforms which began during the reign of his brother Abdülmecid I were continued under the leadership of his chief ministers, Keçecizade Mehmet Fuat Pasha and Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha.

Mehmed I also completed the mosque at Bursa, which his grandfather Murad I had commenced, but which had been neglected during in reign of Bayezid.

Elizabeth's gifts arrived in a large 27 gun merchantman ship that Mehmed personally inspected, a clear display of English maritime strength that would prompt him to build up his fleet over the following years of his reign.

During the reign of Mehmed II, assistant cooks wore blue coloured dresses ( câme-i kebûd ), conical hats ( külâh ) and baggy trousers ( çaksir ) made from Bursa velvet.

Although in 1519 he was obliged to buy off the khan of the Crimea, Mehmed I Giray, under the very walls of Moscow, towards the end of his reign he established Russian influence on the Volga.

Mehmed spent the rest of his reign reorganizing Ottoman state structures disrupted by the interregnum.

The Six Divisions were probably founded during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II ( 1451-1481 ), but the Sipahis had existed since 1326.

As a result of the series of setbacks Ottomans faced in Rumelia during the later years of the reign of Mehmed IV, with the Grand Vizier being Sarı Süleyman Pasha, the forces at the island are reported to have mutinied in 1867 with parts of the rest of the army.

* Hadim Suleiman Pasha ( Beylerbey of Rumelia ), military commander under the reign of Mehmed II

Later on, Crimea lost power in this relationship as the result of a crisis which took place in 1523, during the reign of Meñli's successor, Mehmed I Giray.

The church was converted into a mosque by the Ottomans between 1475 and 1478, during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II, and became known as the Galata Mosque.

The naval museum in Istanbul contains the galley Kadırga ( Turkish for " galley ", ultimately from Byzantine Greek katergon ), dating from the reign of Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 1687 ).

1446-1466 ) was an Ottoman military commander, with the titles and ranks of kapudan pasha and the highest military rank, Grand Vizier, during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II " the Conqueror ".

In the 19th century, under the reign of Mahmud II, the governor Reşid Mehmed Pasha started an expansion of Mezre, a suburb located on the plain below Kharput.

The greatest influx of Jews into Asia Minor and the Ottoman Empire, occurred during the reign of Mehmed the Conquerors's successor, Beyazid II ( 1481 – 1512 ), after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain and Portugal.

The defeated German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires saw the abolition of their monarchies in the close aftermath of the war, ending the reigns of Wilhelm II, Charles I and Mehmed VI respectively.

Sultan Selim II's Chief Minister, the Grand Vizier Mehmed Sokullu, argued to the Venetian emissary Marcantonio Barbaro that the Christian triumph at Lepanto made no lasting harm to the Ottoman Empire, while the capture of Cyprus by the Ottomans in the same year was a significant blow, saying that:

* August 15 – The Empire of Trebizond, the last major Romano-Greek outpost, falls to the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II, after a 21-day siege.

In time, the title was also applied to major non-Christian rulers, such as Tamerlane or Mehmed II.

The siege eventually escalated into a major battle, during which Hunyadi led a sudden counterattack that overran the Ottoman camp, ultimately compelling the wounded Sultan Mehmed II to lift the siege and retreat.

The site's stones were much plundered for building material ( for example Mehmed IV took columns to adorn his Yeni Valide Mosque in Istanbul ).

His father was Derviş Mehmed Zilli, a jeweller for the Ottoman court.

Under a red flag bearing Skanderbeg's heraldic emblem, an Albanian force held off Ottoman campaigns for twenty-five years and overcame sieges of Krujë led by the forces of the Ottoman sultans Murad II and Mehmed II.

Mehmed the Conqueror, the Ottoman sultan living in the 15th century, European sources say “ who was known to have ambivalent sexual tastes, sent a eunuch to the house of Notaras, demanding that he supply his good looking fourteen year old son for the Sultan ’ s pleasure.

Mehmed founded in the vicinity of his own mosque and mausoleum two other characteristic institutions, one a school, and one a refectory for the poor both of which he endowed with royal munificence.

Murat ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1421 to 1451 ( except for a period from 1444 to 1446 when his son Mehmed II reigned ).

Mehmed III remains notorious even in Ottoman history for having nineteen of his brothers and half brothers executed to secure power.

After taking Constantinople, Mehmed met with the Orthodox patriarch, Gennadios and worked out an arrangement in which the Orthodox Church, in exchange for being able to maintain its autonomy and land, accepted Ottoman authority.

The Turks stayed in Otranto and its surrounding areas for nearly a year, but after Mehmed II's death on 3 May 1481, plans for penetrating deeper into the Italian peninsula with fresh new reinforcements were given up on and cancelled and the remaining Ottoman troops sailed back to the east of the Adriatic Sea.

Suleiman soon made preparations for the conquest of Belgrade from the Kingdom of Hungary — something his great-grandfather Mehmed II had failed to achieve.

* November 17 – Former Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI leaves for exile in Italy.

* October 12 – Sultan Mehmed IV departs Istanbul for Adrianople.

Soon afterwards, Mehmed II began agitating for the conquest of Constantinople.

In administering his new conquest, 21-year old conquering Sultan Mehmed II wished to assure the loyalty of the Greek population and above all avoid them appealing to the West for liberation, potentially sparking a new round of Crusades.

Mehmed therefore sought the most anti-Western cleric he could find as a figure of unity for the Greeks under Turkish rule-and Gennadius as leading anti-Union figure was a natural choice.

Eventually Mehmed had this church demolished to make way for his Fatih Mosque, and Gennadius moved again to the Church of the Pammakaristos.

While holding the episcopal office Gennadius drew up, apparently for the use of Mehmed, a confession or exposition of the Christian faith, which was translated into Turkish by Ahmed, judge of Beroea ( and first printed by A. Brassicanus at Vienna in 1530 ).

The full reason for this step commonly attributed to his disappointment at the sultan's treatment of Christians, though Mehmed seems to have kept the fairly tolerant conditions he had allowed to them ; various writers hint darkly at other motives ( see Michalcescu, op.

Perhaps the most famous Janissaries were George Kastrioti Skanderbeg, son of a despot in northern Albania who later defected and led a 20 &# 8209 ; year Albanian revolt against the Ottomans, and Sokollu Mehmed Paşa, a Serbian peasant from Bosnia who later became a grand vizier, served three sultans, and was de facto ruler of the Ottoman Empire for more than 14 years.

There is an apocryphal story to the effect that the Sheikh ul-Islam acted in response to Ibrahim's decision to drown all 280 members of his harem, but there is other evidence to suggest that at least two of Ibrahim's concubines survived him ( particularly Turhan Hatice, who was responsible for the death three years later of Kösem, then serving as regent for Ibrahim's son by Hatice, Mehmed IV ).