* During the reign of Mieszko II Pomerelia seceded from Poland and became independent.

In 1030, the city was burned down by King Mieszko II Lambert of Poland.

The reason for this may have been the wedding of Mieszko ( Judith's brother ) with the Hungarian princess Elisabeth ( daughter of King Béla II ), which sufficiently secured the Polish-Hungarian alliance.

Among them were Boleslaw IV the Curly, Mieszko III the Old, Casimir II the Just, Leszek I the White, Boleslaw V the Chaste, Leszek II the Black, Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high, and King of Bohemia, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, who united Lesser Poland in 1290 / 1291.

# REDIRECT Mieszko II Lambert

See also Duke Mieszko II the Fat.

Mieszko II Lambert ( ca.

Then Mieszko II ran a defensive war against Germany, Bohemia and the Kievan princes.

Mieszko II was forced to escape from the country in 1031 after an attack of Yaroslav I the Wise, who installed Mieszko's older half-brother Bezprym onto the Polish throne.

Mieszko II was very well educated for the period.

He is unjustly known as Mieszko II Gnuśny ( the " Lazy ," " Stagnant " or " Slothful ").

Since Mieszko II was politically active before his father's death, Bolesław I the Brave appointed him as his successor.

In 1013 Mieszko II went to Magdeburg, where he paid homage to the Emperor Henry II.

Probably after the wedding, and in accordance with prevailing custom, Bolesław I gave a separate district to Mieszko II to rule: Kraków.

In the year 1014 Mieszko II was sent by his father to Bohemia as an emissary.

A year later, Mieszko II stood at the head of Polish troops in the next war against the Emperor.

Mieszko II refused, and after the Emperor's failure to defeat his troops in battle, Henry decided to begin retreating to Dziadoszyce.

When the Polish army advanced to Meissen, Mieszko II unsuccessfully tried to besiege the castle of his brother-in-law, Margrave Herman I ( husband of his sister Regelinda ).

This statement was probably the result of the complete ignorance of the chronicler, since 1018 Mieszko II was 28 years old and was already fully able to exercise the power by himself.

Six months later, on Christmas Day, Mieszko II Lambert was crowned King of Poland by the Archbishop of Gniezno, Hipolit, in the Gniezno Cathedral.

According to some chroniclers, Mieszko II expelled his two brothers from the country.

Historical evidence of these efforts is in the Prayer Book sent to Mieszko II by the Duchess Matilda of Swabia around 1027.

Modern historians believe, however, that the change of religion by Mieszko was one of the points discussed in the Polish-Bohemian agreement concluded soon before his marriage with Dobrawa.

The only indication is communicated by the chronicler Cosmas of Prague, who stated that the Bohemian princess at the time of her marriage with Mieszko I was an old woman.

" It also found that Cosmas confuses Dobrawa with Mieszko I's second wife Oda, who at the time of her marriage was around 19 – 25 years old, a relatively advanced age for a bride according to the customs of the Middle Ages.

In 1895 Oswald Balzer refuted reports that previous to her marriage with Mieszko I, Dobrawa was married to Gunther, Margrave of Merseburg and they had a son, Gunzelin.

In the second half of 964 an alliance between Boleslav I the Cruel, Duke of Bohemia, and Mieszko I of Poland was concluded.

In order to consolidate the agreement, in 965 Boleslav I's daughter Dobrawa was married to Mieszko I.

She agreed to marry Mieszko I providing that he was baptized.

However, modern historians allege that the baptism of Mieszko I was dictated by political benefits and should not be attributed to any action of Dobrawa, who according to them had virtually no role in the conversion of her husband.

On 21 September 967 Mieszko I was assisted by Bohemians in the decisive Battle against the Volinians led by Wichmann the Younger.

There is an hypothesis asserting the existence of another daughter of Mieszko I who was married to a Pomeranian Slavic Prince.

Also, a theory has been advanced ( apparently recorded by Thietmar and supported by Oswald Balzer in 1895 ) that Vladivoj, who ruled as Duke of Bohemia during 1002 – 1003, was another son of Dobrawa and Mieszko I.

In the testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty, which initiated the period of fragmentation of Poland ( 1138 – 1320 ), the western part of Greater Poland ( including Poznań ) was granted to Mieszko III the Old.

Their land, which had probably been part of Great Moravia, and Bohemia, was annexed by Mieszko I some time in late 10th century.

He was probably named after his paternal grandfather, Mieszko I.

Mieszko took refuge in Bohemia, where he was imprisoned by the Duke Oldrich.

As a result, Mieszko was sent to the Imperial court in Merseburg as a hostage.

Otherwise, the costs of an extensive war caused that Mieszko II's popularity declined among his subjects, despite the fact that on the invasion of Saxony the King only defended their territory.

Mieszko II and his wife never reunited again ; according to some sources they were either officially divorced or only separated.

Mieszko II's only son and heir, Casimir I, was either expelled by this insurrection, or the insurrection was caused by the aristocracy's expulsion of him.

The participation of Mieszko in the conspiracy against Otto II was documented in only one source, the chronicles of the monastery in Altaich in its entry for the year 974.

Due to the childlessness of Otto III, the seven daughters of his sister Mathilde ( the only of Otto II's daughters who married and produced children ), were the only potential brides for Mieszko, Bolesław I's son and heir ; the oldest of Otto III's nieces, Richeza, was the chosen one.

Richeza and Mieszko II never reunited again ; according to some sources, they were either officially divorced or only separated.

However, his sole rule lasted only one year: between 10 / 11 July 1034, Mieszko II died suddenly, probably killed as consequence of a conspiracy.

This document indexes the lands of ( Mieszko ), referred to as " Dagome " in the document, and his wife " Ote " and her sons by him ( Mieszko and Lambert are only named ; probably Świętopełk was already dead by that time or was in Pomerania as a ruler, according to modern hisrorians ).

According to some historians, the war lasted only a few weeks, and according to others, only finished around 995, when Bolesław I expelled his stepmother and half-brothers from Poland and took control over all Mieszko I's domains.

Therefore that same year Władysław I was forced to recall from Hungarian banishment the only son of Bolesław II the Bold and a rightful heir to the Polish throne, Mieszko Bolesławowic.

He was the only son of Mieszko II Lambert by his wife Richeza, daughter of Count Palatine Ezzo of Lotharingia ( Ezzonen ) and granddaughter of Emperor Otto II.

Initially, it seemed that victory of the High Duke was only a matter of time, since he managed to take Masovia without obstacles and forced Duke Bolesław IV the Curly to withdraw to the defense of his brother Mieszko III at Poznań in Greater Poland.

One year later ( 13 September 1195 ), the death of his only surviving brother Bolesław in the bloody Battle of Mozgawą left Władysław as the sole heir of Mieszko III.

This was most probable, and was reflected in the Bull issued by Pope Innocent III on 9 June 1210, where the Holy See demanded the restitution of all the hereditary rights of the Silesian branch according to Bolesław III's testament and also excommunicated Leszek I the White ; this edict was made by the request of an anonymous Duke of Silesia, which could have only been Henry I the Bearded ( because Mieszko I used the title of Duke of Raciborz-Opole ).

In the medieval times, during Mieszko I and Bolesław I Chrobry rules, pancerni were members of prince own force, as they only in whole army wore mail armours.

However in 1085, likely due to the pressure of the barons, Duke Władysław I recalled Mieszko Bolesławowic the only son of the deposed Bolesław II from his exile in Hungary.

These theories are based on the chronicle of Wipo of Burgundy, who described only one brother of Mieszko II, Otto.

In 1172, Mieszko began the open rebellion against his brother ; also, he supported Bolesław's eldest son, Jarosław, who was forced to became a priest thanks to the intrigues of his stepmother Christina, who wished her sons to be the only heirs.

Casimir II, however, went a different route and, in order to gain the favor of the Duke of Racibórz given him the towns of Oświęcim and Bytom ( with the fortress of Oświęcim, Bytom, Mikołów, Siewierz and Pszczyna, although some historians estimate that these fortress had belonged to Mieszko only since 1179 ).

Despite the forces of the Count palatine Goworek who also arrived to help Leszek's troops, the Silesians obtained a great victory ; however, because Mieszko III wasn't present, this victory brought to them only benefits in terms of prestige ( not counting the ransoms obtained by the Sandomierz nobles captured in the battle ).