Although he rejected this scholarship, Martin Mayer wrote in 1997 that since the late 1980s it had been “ clear ” that continuing the Glass-Steagall prohibitions was only “ permitting a handful of large investment houses and hedge funds to charge monopoly rents for their services without protecting corporate America, investors, or the banks .” Hyman Minsky, who disputed the benefits of “ universal banking ,” wrote in 1995 testimony prepared for Congress that “ repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, in itself, would neither benefit nor harm the economy of the United States to any significant extent .” In 1974 Mayer had quoted Minsky as stating a 1971 presidential commission ( the “ Hunt Commission ”) was repeating the errors of history when it proposed relaxing Glass-Steagall and other legislation from the 1930s.

Organised by John McCarthy ( then at Dartmouth College ) and formally proposed by McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude Shannon, the proposal is credited with introducing the term ' artificial intelligence '.

* Society of mind and its successor the Emotion machine proposed by Marvin Minsky.

Marvin Minsky expanded the model to two or more tapes and greatly simplified the tapes into " up-down counters ", which Melzak and Lambek further evolved into what is now known as the counter machine model.

Minsky, however, supported traditional banking regulation and advocated further controls of finance to “ promote smaller and simpler organizations weighted more toward direct financing .” Writing from a similar “ neo-Keynesian perspective, Jan Kregel concluded that after World War II non-regulated financial companies, supported by regulatory actions, developed means to provide bank products (“ liquidity and lending accommodation ”) more cheaply than commercial banks through the “ capital markets .” Kregel argued this led banking regulators to eliminate Glass-Steagall restrictions to permit banks to “ duplicate these structures ” using the capital markets “ until there was virtually no difference in the activities of FDIC-insured commercial banks and investment banks .”

In the field of finance, Hyman Minsky put forward a theory of financial crisis based on financial fragility, which has recently received renewed attention.

Hyman Minsky agreed financial instability had returned in 1966 and had only been constrained in the following 15 years through Federal Reserve Board engineered “ credit crunches ” to combat inflation followed by “ lender of last resort ” rescues of asset prices that produced new inflation.

With banking commentators such as Mayer and Minsky no longer opposing Glass-Steagall repeal, consumer and community development advocates became the most prominent critics of repeal and of financial “ modernization ” in general.

Among them are: John Draper ( also known as Captain Crunch ), infamous phone phreaker ; Bill Gates, Harvard dropout and “ cocky wizard ” who wrote Altair BASIC ; Richard Greenblatt, the “ hacker's hacker ”; Steve Jobs, visionary ; Marvin Minsky, “ playful and brilliant " MIT professor who headed the MIT AI Lab ; Richard Stallman, The Last of the True Hackers ; and many, many others.

Minsky describes a more congenial variation of Lambek's " abacus " model in his " Very Simple Bases for Computability ".

Isaac Asimov described Minsky as one of only two people he would admit were more intelligent than he was, the other being Carl Sagan.

In November 2006, Minsky published The Emotion Machine, a book that critiques many popular theories of how human minds work and suggests alternative theories, often replacing simple ideas with more complex ones.

Robinson, Paul Davidson and Hyman Minsky were notable for emphasising the effects on the economy of the practical differences between different types of investments in contrast to Keynes more abstract treatment.

Currently there are more than 25 faculty and academic research staff members, and two emeritus professors, Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert.

University space-allocation politics being what it is, Minsky found that although Project MAC as a single entity could not get the additional space he wanted, he could split off to form his own lab and then be entitled to more office space.

In some counter machine models ( e. g. Melzak ( 1961 ), Minsky ( 1961 )) and most RAM and RASP models more than one object / mark can be added or removed in one operation with " addition " and usually " subtraction "; sometimes with " multiplication " and / or " division ".

The principle of confocal microscopy was originally patented by Marvin Minsky in 1957, but it took another thirty years and the development of lasers for CLSM to become a standard technique toward the end of the 1980s.

He further proposed grants of an unspecified sum for experimental hospitals.

Some convictions triggered an automatic penalty, but where this was not the case the two litigants each proposed a penalty for the convicted defendant and the jury chose between them in a further vote.

As an ethologist, Morris further proposed that breasts, a secondary sex characteristic located on the woman's chest, encouraged face-to-face sexual intercourse that led to the establishment of an emotional bond between man and woman ; social progress from an essentially procreational function of human biology.

Since the Church of England is a state church, a further step, sending the proposed revision to Parliament in the form of a " Deposited Book ", was required.

Beck further proposed that depressed people often have the following cognitive biases: arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, over-generalization, magnification, and minimization.

Now, Szilárd proposed to use neutrons theoretically-produced from certain nuclear reactions in lighter isotopes, to induce further reactions in light isotopes that produced more neutrons.

At first a number of leading Esperantists put their support behind the Ido project, but the movement stagnated and declined, first with the accidental death of one of its main proponents and later as people proposed further changes, and the number of current speakers is estimated at between 250 and 5000.

Coulomb further considered the influence of sliding velocity, temperature and humidity, in order to decide between the different explanations on the nature of friction that had been proposed.

In 1938, Edward Kasner's nine-year-old nephew, Milton Sirotta, coined the term googol which is, then proposed the further term googolplex to be " one, followed by writing zeroes until you get tired ".

; April 1995 ( authored March 1995 ): HTML 3. 0 was proposed as a standard to the IETF, but the proposal expired five months later without further action.

The terms proposed by the bankers met with considerable opposition in Honduras, further weakening the Dávila government.

He further proposed that members of the Dáil themselves should swear the same oath.

It listed over 150 perceived " misdeeds " of Charles ' reign including the Church ( under the influence of foreign papists ) and royal advisers ( also " have engaged themselves to further the interests of some foreign powers ") the second half of the Remonstrance proposed solutions to the " misdeeds " including church reform and Parliamentary influence over the appointment of royal ministers.

Furthermore, Trotsky ’ s theory of Permanent Revolution proposed that socialist revolutions in underdeveloped countries would go further towards dismantling feudal régimes, and establish socialist democracies that would not pass through a capitalist stage of development and government.

Quoting Gérard de Nerval Art Historian Jean-Yves Heurtebise has further proposed that Dutch mannerism would typically use an otherwise general principle of Art History consisting of " the ability to capture what is different and to become different itself in this process "

It was updated in his dictionary Novial Lexike in 1930, and further modifications were proposed in the 1930s, but the language became dormant with Jespersen's death in 1943.

Bismarck proposed that Prussia should exploit Austria's weakness to move her frontiers " as far south as Lake Constance " on the Swiss border ; instead Prussia mobilised troops in the Rhineland to deter further French advances into Venetia.

Recent phylogenetic studies have lacked full confidence in this conclusion, however ; some studies link Perissodactyla with Ferae into a proposed clade Zooamata, while the Pegasoferae proposal goes further, suggesting Chiroptera ( bats ) are more closely related to odd-toed ungulates than even-toed ones.

Since Gettier proposed his counterexamples the traditional analysis has included the further claim that knowledge must be more than justified true belief.

Codd himself, some years after publication of his 1970 model, proposed a three-valued logic ( True, False, Missing or NULL ) version of it to deal with missing information, and in his The Relational Model for Database Management Version 2 ( 1990 ) he went a step further with a four-valued logic ( True, False, Missing but Applicable, Missing but Inapplicable ) version.

In the time between the second and third periods, the proposed schemata were further revised on the basis of comments from the council fathers.

Countering Gould, Davis further explained that Goddard proposed that the low IQs of the sub-normally intelligent men and women who took the cognitive-ability test likely derived from their social environments rather than from their respective genetic inheritances, and concluded that " we may be confident that their children will be of average intelligence, and, if rightly brought up, will be good citizens.

The draft, which was circulated to 10 divisions of the Department of Justice, proposed to make further extensive modifications to extend the USA PATRIOT Act.

It contains 51 titles ( along with a further 4 proposed titles ).

Designers at Armstrong-Whitworth took the concept a step further in their proposed M-Wing, in which the wing was first swept forward and then to the rear.