The principle was patented in 1957 by Marvin Minsky, although laser technology limited practical application of the technique.

Marvin Lee Minsky was born in New York City to a Jewish family, where he attended The Fieldston School and the Bronx High School of Science.

Isaac Asimov described Minsky as one of only two people he would admit were more intelligent than he was, the other being Carl Sagan.

In 1986, Minsky published The Society of Mind, a comprehensive book on the theory which, unlike most of his previously published work, was written for a general audience.

The principle of confocal microscopy was originally patented by Marvin Minsky in 1957, but it took another thirty years and the development of lasers for CLSM to become a standard technique toward the end of the 1980s.

The series was created by Terri Minsky.

Minsky described ever worsening periods of inflation followed by unemployment as the cycle of rescues followed by credit crunches was repeated.

Minsky, however, supported traditional banking regulation and advocated further controls of finance to “ promote smaller and simpler organizations weighted more toward direct financing .” Writing from a similar “ neo-Keynesian perspective, Jan Kregel concluded that after World War II non-regulated financial companies, supported by regulatory actions, developed means to provide bank products (“ liquidity and lending accommodation ”) more cheaply than commercial banks through the “ capital markets .” Kregel argued this led banking regulators to eliminate Glass-Steagall restrictions to permit banks to “ duplicate these structures ” using the capital markets “ until there was virtually no difference in the activities of FDIC-insured commercial banks and investment banks .”

Although he rejected this scholarship, Martin Mayer wrote in 1997 that since the late 1980s it had been “ clear ” that continuing the Glass-Steagall prohibitions was only “ permitting a handful of large investment houses and hedge funds to charge monopoly rents for their services without protecting corporate America, investors, or the banks .” Hyman Minsky, who disputed the benefits of “ universal banking ,” wrote in 1995 testimony prepared for Congress that “ repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, in itself, would neither benefit nor harm the economy of the United States to any significant extent .” In 1974 Mayer had quoted Minsky as stating a 1971 presidential commission ( the “ Hunt Commission ”) was repeating the errors of history when it proposed relaxing Glass-Steagall and other legislation from the 1930s.

The project was the brainchild of Marvin Minsky, Push Singh, Catherine Havasi, and others.

The term telepresence was coined in a 1980 article by Marvin Minsky, who outlined his vision for an adapted version of the older concept of teleoperation that focused on giving the remote participation a feeling of actually being present.

In 1956 Minsky and McCarthy and others organized the Dartmouth Summer Research Conference on Artificial Intelligence, where Ray was one of the original 10 participants --- he and Minsky were the only ones to stay all summer.

The distinction was also partly geographical and cultural: " scruffy " was associated with AI research at MIT under Marvin Minsky in the 1960s.

An " AI Group " including Marvin Minsky ( the director ), John McCarthy ( who invented Lisp ) and a talented community of computer programmers was incorporated into the newly-formed Project MAC.

In its early history, the organization was presided over by notable figures in computer science such as Allen Newell, Edward Feigenbaum, Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy.

Of note is the fact that AI pioneer Marvin Minsky was a consultant on the project of making HAL 9000 as realistic as possible according to the consensus predictions of the time ; Crevier quotes him as having said on the subject in 1967, " Within a generation ... the problem of creating ' artificial intelligence ' will substantially be solved ,", although Minsky states that he was misquoted.

Marvin Lee Minsky ( born August 9, 1927 ) is an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence ( AI ), co-founder of Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy.

Robinson, Paul Davidson and Hyman Minsky were notable for emphasising the effects on the economy of the practical differences between different types of investments in contrast to Keynes more abstract treatment.

In the field of finance, Hyman Minsky put forward a theory of financial crisis based on financial fragility, which has recently received renewed attention.

Hyman Minsky offered a related theory, ( the financial instability hypothesis ), where financial regulations, practices and norms naturally relax as a boom goes on, due to general exuberance, regulatory capture, or intellectual decline among the regulators and other actors in the system.

MIT would eventually be paid three million dollars a year by ARPA to develop time-sharing through Project MAC headed by Robert Fano with the involvement of Corbató, Dennis, and Minsky who would focus on Artificial Intelligence.

Frame Technology is loosely based on Minsky Frames, its purpose being software synthesis rather than pattern analysis.

The concept originated in a conversation on a computer net in the 1980s when scientists Marvin Minsky of MIT, John McCarthy, and Hans Moravec of Stanford, speculated about variations on the skyhook concept with Roderick Hyde and Lowell Wood, scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

A mother of two, Minsky published a reflection, " The Mother Load ," on balancing time between her work and family in Literary Mama.

The show, created by Terri Minsky, centers on Claude ( Sara Rue ), who works at a television network called GNB.

He was also technically a supervisor of Marvin Minsky, and helped organize the first ever public meeting on Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) with Minsky in 1955.

Minsky and McCarthy's work in artificial intelligence, Newell and Simon's computer simulations, and Noam Chomsky's importation of information theory into linguistics were all heavily reliant on computational assumptions.

But Minsky shows ( as do Melzak and Lambek ) that his machine is Turing complete with only four general types of instructions: conditional GOTO, unconditional GOTO, assignment / replacement / substitution, and HALT.

Marvin Minsky expanded the model to two or more tapes and greatly simplified the tapes into " up-down counters ", which Melzak and Lambek further evolved into what is now known as the counter machine model.

Part fiction, part non-fiction, he interviews 20 big thinkers like Marvin Minsky, plus there is a B-line narrative story that illustrates some of the ideas, where a computer avatar ( Ramona ) saves the world from self-replicating microscopic robots.

Minsky ( 1967 ) observes ( as does Boolos-Burgess-Jeffrey ( 2002 ) pp. 94 – 95 ) that the U defined above is in essence the μ-recursive equivalent of the universal Turing machine:

Similar in many ways to this is the idea of mind uploading, promoted by Marvin Minsky and others with a mechanistic view of natural intelligence and an optimistic outlook regarding artificial intelligence.

Marvin Minsky, one of the pioneering computer scientists in artificial intelligence, relates emotions to the broader issues of machine intelligence stating in The Emotion Machine that emotion is " not especially different from the processes that we call ' thinking.

Within the field of artificial intelligence, the Loebner Prize is somewhat controversial ; the most prominent critic, Marvin Minsky, has called it a publicity stunt that does not help the field along.

The Society of Mind is both the title of a 1988 book and the name of a theory of natural intelligence as written and developed by Marvin Minsky.

In a step-by-step process, Minsky constructs a model of human intelligence which is built up from the interactions of simple parts called agents, which are themselves mindless.

Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology is a 1986 molecular nanotechnology book written by K. Eric Drexler with a foreword by Marvin Minsky.

There is also a Post Keynesian economics debt-crisis theory of Hyman Minsky.

University space-allocation politics being what it is, Minsky found that although Project MAC as a single entity could not get the additional space he wanted, he could split off to form his own lab and then be entitled to more office space.

In the field of Artificial Intelligence, a frame is a data structure introduced by Marvin Minsky in the 1970s that can be used for knowledge representation.

Within the field of artificial intelligence, the Loebner Prize is somewhat controversial ; the most prominent critic, Marvin Minsky, has called it a publicity stunt that does not help the field along.

According to Marvin Minsky, because people can construe false ideas to be factual, the process of thinking is not limited to formal logic.

Organised by John McCarthy ( then at Dartmouth College ) and formally proposed by McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude Shannon, the proposal is credited with introducing the term ' artificial intelligence '.

Similar to traditional Zen koans, this koan has a possible concrete and correct answer: just as the room is not really empty when Minsky shuts his eyes, neither is the neural network really free of preconceptions when it is randomly wired.

Terri Minsky is an American television writer and producer who created Lizzie McGuire, Less Than Perfect, and The Geena Davis Show as well as writing several episodes of Sex and the City.