Help


[permalink] [id link]
+
Page "Apoptosis" ¶ 9
from Wikipedia
Edit
Promote Demote Fragment Fix

Some Related Sentences

Mitochondrial and proteins
MAC, also called " Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization Pore " is regulated by various proteins, such as those encoded by the mammalian Bcl-2 family of anti-apoptopic genes, the homologs of the ced-9 gene found in C. elegans.
Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species.
* Mitochondrial carrier proteins
Other cytoskeletal proteins involved in DCM include α-cardiac actin, desmin, and the nuclear lamins A and C. Mitochondrial deletions and mutations presumably cause DCM by altering myocardial ATP generation.
Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) is located inside mitochondria organelles, exists in multiple copies, and is also tightly associated with a number of proteins to form a complex known as the nucleoid.

Mitochondrial and known
While earliest known fossils of anatomically modern humans date from around 195, 000 years ago, the matrilinear most recent common ancestor shared by all living humans ( dubbed Mitochondrial Eve ), is dated to about 120-150 thousand years ago.
Mitochondrial DNA, therefore, can be used to trace matrilineal inheritance and to find the Mitochondrial Eve ( also known as the African Eve ), the most recent common ancestor of all human via the mitochondrial DNA pathway.
Mitochondrial DNA, therefore, can be used to trace matrilineal inheritance and to find the Mitochondrial Eve ( also known as the African Eve ), the most recent common ancestor of all humans via the mitochondrial DNA pathway.

Mitochondrial and small
Mitochondrial relics include hydrogenosomes, which produce hydrogen, and small structures called mitosomes.

Mitochondrial and are
:* Mitochondrial – loci are situated on the mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA sequences support the theory that these are recently diverged separate species.
Mitochondrial genes are transcribed as multigenic transcripts, which are cleaved and polyadenylated to yield mature mRNAs.
Mitochondrial matrix targeting sequences are rich in positively charged amino acids and hydroxylated ones.
Mitochondrial sequence data from fossils suggest that American lions ( P. atrox ) are a sister lineage to Eurasian cave lions ( P. l. spelaea ), diverging about.
Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) and Y-chromosome DNA are commonly used to trace ancestry in this manner.
This leads to the construction of a DNA family tree where the branches are in biological terms clades, and the common ancestors such as Mitochondrial Eve sit at branching points in this tree.
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of disorders caused by dysfunctional mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.
Mitochondrial diseases are often caused by genetics or mutations to the mitochondrial DNA that affect mitochondria function.
Mitochondrial diseases take on unique characteristics both because of the way the diseases are often inherited and because mitochondria are so critical to cell function.
Mitochondrial diseases as a rule are worse when the defective mitochondria are present in the muscles, cerebrum, or nerves, because these cells use more energy than most other cells in the body.
David Comas and colleagues found that Mitochondrial sequence pools in Georgians and Kurds are very similar, despite their different linguistic and prehistoric backgrounds.
Mitochondrial DNA-based chart of large human migrations ( Numbers are millennia before present.
All living humans are also descended matrilineally from Mitochondrial Eve who is thought to have lived earlier, about 190, 000 – 200, 000 years ago.
There are several different very closely related < ref > Seutin, G .; Ratcliffe, L. M. & Boag, P. T. ( 1995 ): Mitochondrial DNA homogeneity in the phenotypically diverse redpoll finch complex ( Aves: Carduelinae: Carduelis flammea-hornemanni ).
The relationships among the redpolls are unresolved .< ref > Seutin, G .; Ratcliffe, L. M. & Boag, P. T. ( 1995 ) Mitochondrial DNA homogeneity in the phenotypically diverse redpoll finch complex ( Aves: Carduelinae: Carduelis flammea-hornemanni ).
The misinterpretations of " Mitochondrial Eve " are a case in point: it may be hard to explain that a " mitochondrial Eve " was not the only woman of her time.
Choosing a very restrictive gene such as mtDNA which is only inherited along the female lineage Mitochondrial Eve or the male equivalent Y-chromosomal Adam are examples of such MRCAs which yields TMRCA estimates orders of magnitude further back in time than TMRCA if any possible line of descendancy is allowed.
Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) is nearly immune to sexual mixing, unlike the nuclear DNA whose chromosomes are shuffled and recombined in Mendelian inheritance.
Patrilineal and matrilineal MRCAs ( Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam ) are traced by single gene markers, thus their TMRCA are computed based on DNA test results and established mutation rates as practiced in genetic genealogy.

Mitochondrial and into
Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA or mDNA ) is the DNA located in organelles called mitochondria, structures within eukaryotic cells that convert the chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ).
Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests the Crested Penguins split from ancestors of their closest living relative, the Yellow-eyed Penguin, in the mid-Miocene around 15 million years ago, before splitting into separate species around 8 million years ago in the late Miocene.
The term " engineered negligible senescence " first appeared in print in Aubrey de Grey's 1999 book The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging, and was later prefaced with the term " strategies " in the article Time to Talk SENS: Critiquing the Immutability of Human Aging De Grey called SENS a " goal-directed rather than curiosity-driven " approach to the science of aging, and " an effort to expand regenerative medicine into the territory of aging ".

Mitochondrial and increase
Mitochondrial enzymes, such as cytochrome c, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase, increase in expression and activity in response to exercise.

Mitochondrial and permeability
* Mitochondrial permeability transition, a loss of impermeability of the membranes of mitochondria that occurs under some pathological conditions such as traumatic brain injury
* Mitochondrial permeability transition, a loss of impermeability of the membranes of mitochondria that occurs under some pathological conditions such as traumatic brain injury
* Mitochondrion and Mitochondrial permeability transition pore

Mitochondrial and .
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup Y is otherwise found mainly among Nivkhs, and with lower frequency among Tungusic peoples, Koreans, Mongols ( including Kalmyks and Buryats ), Chinese, Japanese, Central Asians, South Siberian Turkic peoples ( e. g. Tuvans, Todjins, Soyots ), Koryaks, Alyutors, Itelmens, Taiwanese aborigines, Filipinos, Indonesians, and Malaysians.
After analysing genealogy trees constructed using 133 types of mtDNA, researchers concluded that all were descended from a female African progenitor, dubbed Mitochondrial Eve.
Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests the split between Eudyptula and Spheniscus occurred around 25 million years ago, with the ancestors of the White-flippered and Little Penguins diverging about 2. 7 million years ago.
Mitochondrial ATP production is also vital for cell division in addition to other basic functions in the cell including the regulation of cell volume, solute concentration, and cellular architecture.
Mitochondrial DNA.
Mitochondrial DNA haplotype comparisons suggest that it diverged from the other Ostriches not quite four mya due to formation of the East African Rift.
* Slack, Kerryn E .; Jones, Craig M .; Ando, Tatsuro ; Harrison G. L. " Abby "; Fordyce R. Ewan ; Arnason, Ulfur & Penny, David ( 2006 ): Early Penguin Fossils, plus Mitochondrial Genomes, Calibrate Avian Evolution.
Mitochondrial DNA extracted from eastern North American wolves killed in the 1800s is not of gray wolf origin.
* Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny in Eastern and Western Slavs, B. Malyarchuk, T. Grzybowski, M. Derenko, M. Perkova, T. Vanecek, J. Lazur, P. Gomolcaknd I. Tsybovsky, Oxford Journals

0.306 seconds.