In the 1960s, post-independence Algerian politicians intended to carry out an Arabization campaign to replace the usage of French with Modern Standard Arabic.

The Algerian conflict maybe better described as guerrilla in nature rather than leaderless resistance ( see Modern Warfare by Col. Roger Trinquier ).

On the other hand, the bright vision of the future has been directly stated in science fiction concerned with projecting ideal societies -- science fiction, of course, is related, if sometimes distantly, to that utopian literature optimistic about science, literature whose period of greatest vigor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries produced Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward and H. G. Wells's A Modern Utopia.

Modern literature in German begins with the authors of the Enlightenment ( such as Herder ) and reaches its classical form at the turn of the 18th century with Weimar Classicism ( Goethe and Schiller ).

* Early Modern German literature ( see Early Modern literature )

* Modern German literature

Modern waka poets like Masaoka Shiki and Saito Mokichi considered him one of greatest poets in the history of Japanese literature.

For a study of the various ways Glyndŵr has been portrayed in Welsh-language literature of the modern period, see E. Wyn James, Glyndŵr a Gobaith y Genedl: Agweddau ar y Portread o Owain Glyndŵr yn Llenyddiaeth y Cyfnod Modern ( English: Glyndower and the Hope of the Nation: Attitudes to the Portrait of Owen Glyndower in Modern Age Literature ) ( Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas Llyfrau Ceredigion, 2007 ).

Other prominent academics associated with the University include Geoffrey Bennington, the creator of the MA programme in Modern French Thought ( Derrida, Lyotard ); Homi K. Bhabha ( postcolonialism ); Rachel Bowlby ( feminism, Woolf, Freud ); Geoff Cloke FRS ( Inorganic Chemistry ); Jonathan Dollimore ( Renaissance literature, gender and queer studies ); Katy Gardner ( social anthropology ); Gabriel Josipovici ( Dante, the Bible ); Michael Land FRS ( Animal Vision-Frink Medal )); Michael Lappert FRS ( Inorganic Chemistry ); Alan Lehmann FRS ( Genetics and Genome Stability ); ( Laura Marcus ( Woolf ); John Murrell FRS ( Theoretical Chemistry ); Peter Nicholls ( Pound, modernism ); John Nixon FRS ( Inorganic Chemistry )); Laurence Pearl FRS ( Structural Biology ); Guy Richardson FRS ( Neuroscience ); Jacqueline Rose ( feminism, psychoanalysis ); Nicholas Royle ( modern literature and theory ; deconstruction ); Alan Sinfield ( Shakespeare, sexuality, queer theory ); Norman Vance ( Victorian, classical reception ); Richard Whatmore & Knud Haakonssen ( intellectual historians ); Gavin Ashenden ( Senior Lecturer in English, University Chaplain, and Chaplain to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II ; Cedric Watts ( Conrad, Greene ); Marcus Wood ( postcolonialism ).

Modern western knotting literature has the name for these related knots deriving from stories or legends in which the knots symbolize the connection between a couple in love.

The word for a heretic in the Talmudic literature is " Apiqoros " ( אפיקורוס ), and Epicurus is titled in Modern Greek idiom as the " Dark Philosopher ".

Modern authors from the Czech territory who wrote in other languages ( e. g. German ) are however sometimes considered separately, thus Franz Kafka, for example, who wrote in German ( though he was also fluent in Czech ), is often considered part of Austrian or German literature.

Byzantine literature refers to literature of the Byzantine Empire written in Atticizing, Medieval and early Modern Greek.

Modern Greek literature refers to literature written in common Modern Greek, emerging from late Byzantine times in the 11th century AD.

Modern children's literature is classified in different ways, including by genre or the intended age of the reader.

Modern literature is still evolving and a religious biography of women titled delog is a popular religious work.

Modern discussions of alchemy are generally split into an examination of its exoteric practical applications, and its esoteric aspects.

Modern field artillery can also be split into two other categories: towed and self-propelled.

The philosophy department split over the issue to become the Traditional and Modern Philosophy Department, headed by Armstrong and following a more traditional approach to philosophy, and the General Philosophy Department, which follows the French continental approach.

Modern American creationism arose out of the theological split over modernist higher criticism and its rejection by the Fundamentalist Christian movement which promoted Biblical literalism and, post 1920, took up the anti-evolution cause led by William Jennings Bryan.

Modern passenger cars have split drive axles.

Modern congregationalism in the U. S. is split into three bodies: the United Church of Christ, with which most local Congregational churches affiliate ; the National Association of Congregational Christian Churches ; and the Conservative Congregational Christian Conference, an evangelical group.

Modern historians have split opinions on the issue, but largely believe that the boys were actually Emperor Hui's sons by concubines and that Empress Zhang did indeed put their mothers to death and make them her own children.

Modern Talking worked together from 1984 to 1987, when the band split up.

When Modern Talking split up in 1987, a number of tracks written for the last album were re-arranged and then transferred onto Dieter Bohlen's first solo album by Blue System.

Modern Haggis Hurling is judged on the basis of distance and accuracy of the hurl and a split or burst haggis is immediately disqualified, as the haggis must be fit to eat after landing.

Modern historians view the term ' Gaul ' and its subdivisions as a " product of faulty ethnography " and see the split of Gallia Comata into three provinces as an attempt to construct a more efficient government, as opposed to a cultural division.

Modern construction uses bindings of wire and string ( instead of the traditional split withy ) and the head is secured by a steel nail instead of a wooden dowel.

There is also the lumpers / splitters problem, namely that some works split philosophy into more periods than others: one author might feel a strong need to differentiate between " The Age of Reason " or " Early Modern Philosophers " and " The Enlightenment "; another author might write from the perspective that 1600-1800 is essentially one continuous evolution, and therefore a single period.

Construction For The Modern Idiot is The Wonder Stuff's fourth album from October 1993, and their last studio album before their split on 15 July 1994.

Like its predecessor-The Modern Antiquarian-the book is split into a shorter, discursive introduction with the bulk of the text being a gazetteer of sites.

The origin of the split is the unrounding of in Early Modern English, resulting in the phoneme.

The IMAF, previously the organization of record for North American Modern Arnis practitioners, split into two subgroups, one headed by Randi Shea and one headed by Jeff Delaney ; the remaining five Masters of Tapi-Tapi continue to be associated with the former group.

The two sites of the North Chadderton Secondary Modern School were split between the two new schools based on the former girls ' and boys ' schools ..

The senior girls department split from the school in 1945 to form Cotteridge Girls ' County Modern School which had 160 pupils by 1961.

Modern wooden shingles, both sawn and split, continue to be made, but they differ from the historic ones.

Modern Class AB amplifiers commonly have peak efficiencies between 30 – 55 % in audio systems and 50-70 % in radio frequency systems with a theoretical maximum of 78. 5 %.

Modern Bulgarian was based essentially on the Eastern dialects of the language, but its pronunciation is in many respects a compromise between East and West Bulgarian ( see especially the phonetic sections below ).

Recently, the team at the Institute of Modern Physics ( IMP ), Lanzhou, have studied the nuclear reaction between americium-243 and magnesium-26 ions in order to synthesise the new isotope < sup > 265 </ sup > Bh

Modern scholarship dates the work between the 6th and 4th century BC.

Modern studies represent Hypatia's death as the result of a struggle between two Christian factions, the moderate Orestes, supported by Hypatia, and the more rigid Cyril.

Modern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between " language " and " dialect " an issue of great political importance.

Modern languages also generally support modular programming, the separation between the interface of a library module and its implementation.

Modern acceptance of Haeckel's Biogenetic Law, despite current rejection of Haeckelian views, finds support in the certain degree of parallelism between ontogeny and phylogeny.

The tradition of diglossia, the simultaneous existence of vernacular and archaizing written forms of Greek, was renewed in the modern era in the form of a polarization between two competing varieties: Dimotiki, the vernacular form of Modern Greek proper, and Katharevousa, meaning ' purified ', an imitation of classical Greek, which was developed in the early 19th century and used for literary, juridic, administrative and scientific purposes in the newly formed modern Greek state.

Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism.

Modern relations between the two countries are based on Vietnam's developing economy and Japan's role as an investor and foreign aid donor.

Baskerville represents the peak of transitional type face and bridges the gap between Old Style and Modern type design.

The corresponding Modern English verb to ken survives only in highly remote English dialects, and also in the language Scots in the form ( slight differences between dialects ) of tae ken, other than the derivative existing in the standard language in the set expression beyond one ’ s ken, “ beyond the scope of one ’ s knowledge ” and in the phonologically altered form uncanny, “ surreal ” or “ supernatural ”.

Modern Lebanon's constitution, drawn up in 1926, specified a balance of power between the various religious groups, but France designed it to guarantee the political dominance of its Christian allies.

Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 has a level named Mind the Gap where most of the level takes place between the dockyards and Westminster while the player and a team of SAS attempt to take down cargo being shipped using London Underground.

Lulach mac Gille Coemgáin ( Modern Gaelic: Lughlagh mac Gille Chomghain, known in English simply as Lulach, and nicknamed Tairbith, " the Unfortunate " and Fatuus, " the Simple-minded " or " the Foolish "; before 1033 – 17 March 1058 ) was King of Scots between 15 August 1057 and 17 March 1058.

These galleries make no distinction between modernist and postmodernist phases, seeing both as developments within Modern Art.

Modern piano keyboards ordinarily have an octave span of 164 – 165 mm ; resulting in the width of black keys averaging 13. 7 mm and white keys about 23. 5 mm wide at the base, disregarding space between keys.

Modern sources estimate that between 2. 4 and 7. 5 million Ukrainians died in the Holodomor famine.

However, there is significant disagreement within Orthodox Judaism, particularly between Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism, about the extent and circumstances under which the proper application of Halakha should be re-examined as a result of changing realities.

Modern political discourse focuses on democracy and the relationship between people and politics.

The idea that the Middle Ages was a " middle " phase between two other large scale periodizing concepts, Ancient and Modern, still persists.

Modern systems with a higher time resolution ( roughly 3 nanoseconds ) also use a technique ( called " Time-of-flight ") where they more precisely decide the difference in time between the detection of the two photons and can thus localize the point of origin of the annihilation event between the two detectors to within 10 cm.