Modern music is available in several facets: raï music is a style typical of Western Algeria with his two fiefs are Oran and Sidi Bel Abbès.

There is a surviving tradition of Latin philology in Western culture connecting the Roman Empire with the Early Modern period.

During the Industrial and Modern Ages, Chinese philosophy had also begun to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization.

Modern dates are understood in the Western world to be in the Gregorian calendar, but for older dates writers should specify the calendar used.

In 2010, Heart of Darkness was classified by the Modern Library website editors as one of the " 100 best novels " and part of the Western canon.

* Herman, Arthur " How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Western Europe's Poorest Nation Created Our World & Everything in It " ISBN 0-609-80999-7

How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Western Europe's Poorest Nation Created Our World & Everything in It.

John Esposito notes that " Modern Western scholarship has seriously questioned the historicity and authenticity of the hadith ", maintaining that " the bulk of traditions attributed to the Prophet Muhammad were actually written much later.

Modern Ritual Magic: The Rise of Western Occultism.

( 2006 ) Magia Sexualis: Sex, Magic, and Liberation in Modern Western Esotericism.

* Eric Charry, Mande Music: Traditional and Modern Music of the Maninka and Mandinka of Western Africa, University of Chicago Press, 2000.

Toward Stonewall: Homosexuality and Society in the Modern Western World, University of Virginia Press.

The Middle Ages ( adjectival forms: medieval, mediaeval, and mediæval ) is the period of European history encompassing the 5th to the 15th centuries, normally marked from the collapse of the Western Roman Empire ( the end of Classical Antiquity ) until the beginning of the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery, the periods which ushered in the Modern Era.

The mediaeval period thus is the mid-time of the traditional division of Western history into Classical, Medieval, and Modern periods ; moreover, the Middle Ages usually is divided into the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages, and the Late Middle Ages.

Organised by the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Lancaster, North-West England, it was entitled " Nature Religion Today: Western Paganism, Shamanism and Esotericism in the 1990s ", and led to the publication of an academic anthology, entitled Nature Religion Today: Paganism in the Modern World.

Some scholars believe that Modern Orthodoxy arose from the religious and social realities of Western European Jewry.

In Whitehead's Science and the Modern World ( 1925 ), he noted that the human intuitions and experiences of science, aesthetics, ethics, and religion influence the worldview of a community, but that in the last several centuries science dominates Western culture.

He has been dubbed the ' Father of Modern Philosophy ', and much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day.

Toward Stonewall: Homosexuality and Society in the Modern Western World, University of Virginia Press.

Modern Western universities evolved from the monastic institutions and ( especially ) cathedral schools of Western Europe during the High Middle Ages ( see, for instance, the University of Bologna, Paris University and Oxford University ).

Modern Standard Arabic is the official language of Western Sahara and Morocco.

Whitehead's metaphysical views, which he called process philosophy emerged in The Concept of Nature ( 1920 ) and were expanded in Science and the Modern World ( 1925 ), also an important study in the history of ideas and the role of science and mathematics in the rise of Western civilization.

Modern Western magicians generally state magic's primary purpose to be personal spiritual growth.

Modern historians have completed many studies of Bede's works.

Modern historians have studied the Historia extensively, and a number of editions have been produced.

Modern historians and editors of Bede have been lavish in their praise of his achievement in the Historia Ecclesiastica.

Modern historians disagree on whether the plague was a critical factor in the loss of the war.

Modern historians generally accept these numbers as reasonable.

Modern historians have proposed wide ranging numbers for the infantry, from 20, 000 – 100, 000 with a consensus of perhaps 25, 000 ; estimates for the cavalry are in the range of 1, 000.

Modern historians Zbigniew Wójcik, Józef Gierowski, and Władysław Czapliński have reduced this figure to 60, 000-63, 000 soldiers.

Modern historians view Zhu Xi as having created something rather different, and call his way of thinking Neo-Confucianism.

Modern historians sometimes call him " Robert the Consul ", for that reason, though he himself and his contemporaries did not use that name.

Modern historians have used this to determine both the nature of his politics and of the aborted chapters of his civil war history.

Modern historians have put forward numerous theories in an attempt to explain these actions.

Modern historians have theorized that Caligula lived with a daily fear of seizures.

Modern historians think that Orestes had cultivated his relationship with Hypatia to strengthen a bond with the Pagan community of Alexandria, as he had done with the Jewish one, to handle better the difficult political life of the Egyptian capital.

Modern historians consider this highly implausible however, noting that malicious rumours such as those concerning Domitia's alleged infidelity were eagerly repeated by post-Domitianic authors, and used to highlight the hypocrisy of a ruler publicly preaching a return to Augustan morals, while privately indulging in excesses and presiding over a corrupt court.

Modern historians believe, however, that the change of religion by Mieszko was one of the points discussed in the Polish-Bohemian agreement concluded soon before his marriage with Dobrawa.

Modern historians have wondered at Duilius ’ decision not to immediately follow up with another naval attack, but Hamilcar ’ s remaining 80 ships was probably still too strong for Rome to conquer.

Modern historians are even not able to tell with enough certainty whether there were two or more of these invasions or a single prolonged one.

Modern historians regard the chronology as uncertain but, according to the ancient account, these predecessors included for example Dionysius of Miletus, Charon of Lampsacus, Hellanicus of Lesbos, Xanthus of Lydia and, the best attested of them all, Hecataeus of Miletus.

Modern archaeologists and historians of the region refer to their field of study as Syro-Palestinian archaeology.

Modern historians believe that it is decidedly erroneous to consider the middot as traditional from the time of Moses on Sinai.

Modern historians remain divided as to whether John suffered from a case of " royal schizophrenia " in his approach to government, or if his actions merely reflected the complex model of Angevin kingship in the early 13th century.

Modern historians assert that by October 1216 John faced a " stalemate ", " a military situation uncompromised by defeat ".

Modern historians would reject parts of the Kenneth produced by Skene and subsequent historians, while accepting others.

Modern historians explain the etymology of the word with Letze, meaning fortification which might have referred to either the remains of a Roman watchtower or to a primitive refuge of the early Middle Ages.