Modern American politics has been described as a duopoly since the Republican and Democratic parties have dominated and framed policy debate as well as the public discourse on matters of national concern for about a century and a half.

Modern formats of communication allow for wide spread communication across the globe, thus enabling mythological discourse and exchange among greater audiences than ever before.

Modern political discourse focuses on democracy and the relationship between people and politics.

However, such oral – oriented written discourse has been accused of polluting Modern Standard Chinese, and has been blamed by teachers and educators for the deteriorating language proficiency of Hong Kong's youngsters.

*“ The Ancient and the Modern Teacher of Politics ” His introductory discourse to a course of lectures on the state in the college law school.

Modern discussions of alchemy are generally split into an examination of its exoteric practical applications, and its esoteric aspects.

Modern self-propelled artillery vehicles may superficially resemble tanks, but they are generally lightly armoured, too lightly to survive in direct-fire combat.

Modern historians generally accept these numbers as reasonable.

Modern brass instruments generally come in one of two families:

Modern societies generally regard crimes as offences against the public or the state, as distinguished from torts ( wrongs against private parties that can give rise to a civil cause of action ).

Modern single-panel gag cartoons, found in magazines, generally consist of a single drawing with a typeset caption positioned beneath or ( much less often ) a speech balloon.

Modern Judaism generally rejects this form of motivation, instead teaching to do the right thing because it's the right thing to do.

Michael Collins, pseudonym of Dennis Lynds, is generally considered the author who led the form into the Modern Age.

Modern languages also generally support modular programming, the separation between the interface of a library module and its implementation.

Modern German features the cognate term Ostern, but otherwise, Germanic languages generally use the non-native term pascha for the event.

Modern cinema is generally regarded as descending from the work of the French Lumière brothers in 1895, and their show first came to London in 1896.

Modern scholars such as Lee Hollander explain that Lokasenna was intended to be humorous and that the accusations thrown by Loki in the poem are not necessarily to be taken as " generally accepted lore " at the time it was composed.

Modern U. S. civilian carbines include compact customizations of the AR-15, Ruger Mini-14, Beretta Cx4 Storm, Kel-Tec SUB-2000, bolt-action rifles generally falling under the specifications of a scout rifle, and aftermarket conversion kits for popular pistols including the M1911 and Glock models.

Modern editors generally follow this traditional division, but consider it unsatisfactory ; for example, after Hamlet drags Polonius's body out of Gertrude's bedchamber, there is an act-break after which the action appears to continue uninterrupted.

Modern scholars generally turn to Herodotus's own writing for reliable information about his life, very carefully supplemented with other ancient yet much later sources, such as the Byzantine Suda:

Modern scholarship has doubted their authenticity, and these works are generally referred to as forming part of the " Hesiodic Corpus " whether or not their authorship is accepted.

The latter construction is the one generally used in Modern Hebrew.

Modern reloading dies are generally standardized with 7 / 8-14 ( or, for the case of 50 BMG dies, with 1-1 / 4x12 ) threads and are interchangeable with all common brands of presses, although older dies may use other threads and be press-specific.

Within Modern Orthodox Judaism, there is no one committee or leader, but Modern Orthodox rabbis generally agree with the views set by consensus by the leaders of the Rabbinical Council of America.

Modern Orthodox authorities are generally more inclined to permit limited changes in customs, and some reconsideration of precedent.

Modern theatrical improvisation is generally accepted to have taken form in the improvisational acting exercises developed by Viola Spolin in the 1940s, 50s and 60s, now known as Theater Games.

Modern improvisational comedy, as it is practiced in the West, falls generally into two categories: shortform and longform.

Word order in Old Norse was generally freer than in Modern English.

Modern instruments with 15 or fewer strings are generally more closely modeled on traditional shapes, and form a category of instrument known as small kantele, in contrast to the modern concert kantele.

He holds a BA Honours degree in Modern Languages from New College, Oxford University, and speaks both German and Russian.

Topics he speaks on include: " Islam and Modern Science ", " Islam and Christianity ", and " Islam and secularism ".

Modern use of similar terms includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies.

Some Old Breton vocabulary remains in the present day as philosophical and scientific terms in Modern Breton.

In Modern Standard Arabic, jihad is one of the correct terms for a struggle for any cause, violent or not, religious or secular ( though كفاح kifāḥ is also used ).

" Modern research in syntax attempts to describe languages in terms of such rules.

Modern Anglo-American law, like European civil law, is based on a will theory of contract, according to which all terms of a contract are binding on the parties because they chose those terms for themselves.

Modern postmarks are often applied simultaneously with the cancellation or killer that marks the postage stamp ( s ) as having been used ( though in some circumstances there may be a postmark without a killer, and sometimes the postmark and killer form a continuous design ), and the two terms are often used interchangeably, if incorrectly.

The idea of the Weismann barrier is central to the Modern evolutionary synthesis, though it is not expressed today in the same terms.

Also prevalent in Modern English are terms relating to the chivalric cultures which arose in the 12th century, an era of feudalism and crusading.

In other cases, Modern Orthodox leaders are considered to have passed the bounds of religious propriety and condemned for this in severe terms, since those leaders, unlike Reform and Conservative rabbis, are believed to have the requisite learning and should know better.

Modern researchers in syntax attempt to describe languages in terms of such rules.

From the High Middle Ages and throughout the Early Modern era, the political history of the Eastern Alps can be considered almost totally in terms of the advance or retreat of the house of Habsburg.

Modern quantum mechanics explains these periodic trends in properties in terms of electron shells.

While many terms from the Talmud and Mishna exist in Modern Hebrew, their pronunciation is in line with Modern Hebrew, whereas in the Yeshivish Variant, they maintain their Ashkenazic variant.

Modern historians views tend to see him as either a wily politician and indifferent bishop, or to see him purely in terms of his ecclesiastical failings.

Baron goes on to describe how relics of these sex-neutral terms survive in some British dialects of Modern English ( for example " hoo " for " she ", in Yorkshire ), and sometimes a pronoun of one gender might be applied to a person or animal of the opposite gender.

Modern set-theoretic approaches allow one to define infinitesimals via the ultrapower construction, where a null sequence becomes an infinitesimal in the sense of an equivalence class modulo a relation defined in terms of a suitable ultrafilter.

David V. Barrett, author of Secret Societies: From the Ancient and Arcane to the Modern and Clandestine, uses slightly different terms to define what does and does not qualify as a secret society.

Modern Socinians ( in Christological terms ) include the small number of " Biblical Unitarian " churches such as Christadelphians and the Church of the Blessed Hope, though these churches are not direct descendants of the Polish Brethren.

Modern microprocessor designs are quite similar to this layout in general terms, with a single instruction decoder feeding a number of subunits dedicated to processing certain types of data.

Drummer Brendan Canty explained to Modern Drummer that " We recorded them all very differently in terms of the drum sounds.

Modern physical cosmology as it is currently studied first emerged as a scientific discipline in the period after the Shapley – Curtis debate and discoveries by Edwin Hubble of a cosmic distance ladder when astronomers and physicists had to come to terms with a universe that was of a much larger scale than the previously assumed galactic size.

" Modern governmental regulatory standards may render these otherwise shared terms less than synonymous.