Modern drip irrigation began its development in Afghanistan in 1866 when researchers began experimenting with irrigation using clay pipe to create combination irrigation and drainage systems.

Modern irrigation has made this a highly productive agricultural area.

On the other hand, the bright vision of the future has been directly stated in science fiction concerned with projecting ideal societies -- science fiction, of course, is related, if sometimes distantly, to that utopian literature optimistic about science, literature whose period of greatest vigor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries produced Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward and H. G. Wells's A Modern Utopia.

Modern physics has developed the theory that all matter consists of minute waves of energy.

Modern man, as Dietrich Bonhoeffer has told us, has `` come of age '' ; ;

Modern psychology has shown that paralleling `` the authoritarian personality '' is `` the bigoted personality '' in which insecurity, inferiority, suspicion, and distrust combine to provide a target for antagonism so indispensable that it will be manufactured if it does not exist naturally.

Modern Westerners have difficulty comprehending this fusion of moral and material, largely because in the West the historical trend has been to deny the connection.

Modern Algerian literature, split between Arabic, Kabyle and French, has been strongly influenced by the country's recent history.

In Modern Greek, vowel length has been lost, and all instances of alpha represent the short.

From the Early Modern period, their name has become a term for female warriors in general.

* Swearingen Jr., William Scott Environmental City: People, Place, and the Meaning of Modern Austin ( University of Texas Press ; 2010 ) 273 pages ; traces the history of environmentalism in the Texas capital, which has been part of a larger effort to preserve Austin's quality of life and sense of place.

During the more recent Modern era and in the Post-Modern period the artillery crew has used wheeled or tracked vehicles as a mode of transportation.

Modern coastal artillery ( for example, Russia's " Bereg " system ) is often self propelled, ( allowing it to avoid counter-battery fire ) and fully integrated, meaning that each battery has all of the support systems that it requires ( maintenance, targeting radar, etc.

Modern genetics has made clear that the lack of use does not, in itself, necessitate a feature's disappearance.

Modern ballroom dance has its roots early in the 20th century, when several different things happened more or less at the same time.

Modern technology ( the internet and cheaper home printing ) has also influenced board games via the phenomenon of print-and-play board games that you buy and print yourself.

It is written in English, very similar to the Early Modern English linguistic style of the King James Version of the Bible, and has since been fully or partially translated into 108 languages.

Modern barter and trade has evolved considerably to become an effective method of increasing sales, conserving cash, moving inventory, and making use of excess production capacity for businesses around the world.

Modern biotechnology has evolved, making it possible to produce more easily and relatively cheaply human growth hormone, clotting factors for hemophiliacs, fertility drugs, erythropoietin and other drugs.

Although some of Chaplin's critics have claimed that credit for his film music should be given to the composers who worked with him, for example Raksin, who worked with Chaplin on Modern Times, has stressed Chaplin's creative position and active participation in the composing process.

Modern cultural anthropology has its origins in, and developed in reaction to, 19th century " ethnology ", which involves the organized comparison of human societies.

Modern research has located 20, 000 mass graves from the Khmer Rouge era all over Cambodia.

More recently, Modern Family character Cameron Tucker has been shown as a Bears fan.

Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as " football ", played at public schools in England in the mid-19th century.

Modern citizenship has often been looked at as two competing underlying ideas:

Modern American politics has been described as a duopoly since the Republican and Democratic parties have dominated and framed policy debate as well as the public discourse on matters of national concern for about a century and a half.

That June, Green Day's " Longview " reached number one on Billboards Modern Rock Tracks chart and became a top forty airplay hit, arguably the first ever American punk song to do so ; just one month later, The Offspring's " Come Out and Play " followed suit.

Ibn al-Haytham ( Alhazen ), a pioneer of the scientific method who is considered to be the " Father of Modern Optics " and arguably one of the first scientists.

By 1936, the transition phase arguably ends, with Modern Times being the last notable silent film.

Modern studies have mainly focused on Gregory's eschatology rather than his more dogmatic writings, and he has gained a reputation as an unconventional thinker whose thought arguably prefigures postmodernism.

While Modern Life Is Rubbish was a moderate success, it was Blur's third album Parklife that made them arguably the most popular band in the UK in 1994.

Modern lines of thought within allegedly imperialist powers that are arguably both " right-wing " and " anti-imperialist " tend to divide into two general strains, Libertarianism and Paleoconservatism.

While W. B. Yeats chose many poets of the Great War generation for The Oxford Book of Modern Verse ( 1936 ), Read arguably stood out among his peers by virtue of the 17-page excerpt ( nearly half of the entire work ) of his The End of a War ( Faber & Faber, 1933 ).

Nevertheless, the new styles and other styles experienced in Modern ARTillery remain in State of Emergency to a small extent ; arguably most dominantly pop punk, rockabilly now being a less met blend of The Living End's ' punkabilly ' style.

The operation of a round-the-world transpolar luxury charter flight in 1968 arguably ranks as Modern Air's greatest achievement.

By now he had become Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge and had been honored by the award of the Order of Merit.

Modern women rarely wish to become concubines, therefore, debates about the rights of concubines are largely irrelevant.

Modern scholarship dating from the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement of 19th century Germany, as well as textual analysis influenced by the 20th Century discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, suggests that dating from this period there existed " liturgical formulations of a communal nature designated for particular occasions and conducted in a centre totally independent of Jerusalem and the Temple, making use of terminology and theological concepts that were later to become dominant in Jewish and, in some cases, Christian prayer.

The word Kallisti ( Modern Greek ) written on a golden apple, has become a principal symbol of Discordianism, a post-modernist religion.

* The commentary by Rabbi Pinhas Kehati, which is written in Modern Israeli Hebrew and based on classical and contemporary works, has become popular in the late Twentieth Century.

" Modern British performances of Punch and Judy are no longer exclusively the traditional seaside children's entertainments they had become.

Modern slot machines are controlled by EPROM computer chips and, in large casinos, coin acceptors have become obsolete in favor of bill acceptors.

The philosophy department split over the issue to become the Traditional and Modern Philosophy Department, headed by Armstrong and following a more traditional approach to philosophy, and the General Philosophy Department, which follows the French continental approach.

Despite this, it failed to become a hit, although two of its songs, Country at War and New Life peaked at numbers 15 and 26 on the Billboard Modern Rock charts, respectively.

Wish Tree, her installation in the Sculpture Garden – Museum of Modern Art, New York ( since July 2010 ), has become very popular with contributions from all over the world.

* Modern reproductive technologies have also been used to help women with Turner syndrome become pregnant if they desire.

Some duchies were sovereign in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era ( such as Germany and Italy ).

A map of the European Spanish Empire after the Battle of Mühlberg ( 1547 ) as depicted in the Cambridge Modern History | Cambridge Modern History Atlas ( 1912 )-Habsburg lands are shaded greenBy the mid-16th century, the Margraviate of Antwerp ( Duchy of Brabant ) had become the economic, political, and cultural center of the Netherlands after its capital had shifted from the nearby Lordship of Mechelen to the city of Brussels.

Modern Western square dance has developed a " look " that has become known as " traditional square dance attire ", a " look " that has nothing really to do with traditional square dancing.

In 1951 Blue Note issued their first vinyl 10 " releases, and the label was soon recording new talent such as Horace Silver ( who would stay with Blue Note for a quarter of a century ), the Jazz Messengers ( originally a collaboration, but soon to become Art Blakey's group ), Milt Jackson ( as the leader of what became the Modern Jazz Quartet ) and Clifford Brown.

Modern Alexandria has become a well-known vacation area.

Modern corps programs have become increasingly conceptual and programmatic, with overarching show themes rather than loosely related musical selections.

Modern historians show a kingdom that had become wealthier and more stable particularly during the first decade of his rule.

Modern converter designs based on sigma-delta modulation may become unstable in overload conditions.

The earliest stone churches in Russia featured Byzantine style domes, however by the Early Modern era the onion dome had become the predominant form in traditional Russian architecture.

Modern mediator experiences in the Thai Forest Tradition, as well as other Theravadin traditions, demonstrates that this effort and rarity is necessary only to become completely immersed in the absorptions and experience no other sensations.

Women's megillah readings have become increasingly common in more liberal Modern Orthodox Judaism, though women may only read for other women, according to Ashkenazi authorities.