Modern critical theory arose from the anti-positivist sociology of Max Weber and Georg Simmel, the Marxist theories of György Lukács and of Antonio Gramsci, towards that of the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt.

Modern historical analysis usually draws upon other social sciences, including economics, sociology, politics, psychology, anthropology, philosophy and linguistics.

Modern sociology largely originated from this movement and Hume's philosophical concepts that directly influenced James Madison ( and thus the U. S. Constitution ) and when popularised by Dugald Stewart, would be the basis of classical liberalism.

Modern academic sociology began with the analysis of religion in Émile Durkheim's 1897 study of suicide rates among Catholic and Protestant populations, a foundational work of social research which served to distinguish sociology from other disciplines, such as psychology.

Modern scientific psychiatry, psychopharmacology, psychiatric genetics, environmental physics, and modern sociology were introduced as scientific disciplines by Heidelberg faculty.

He separated empiricism and sociology from the " Modern Mythology of Nazi Occultism " books which " have represented the Nazi phenomenon as the product of arcane and demonic influence ".

The Making of the Modern World is a cross-cultural, cross-disciplinary series in world civilizations, organized chronologically, that seeks to combine various disciplines including history, religious studies, philosophy, sociology, and visual arts into course that offers a survey of the sum total of world history, not just from a eurocentric perspective, but from a more international view, including developments in China, India, Africa, and the Americas.

Modern sociology evolved in part as a reaction to the problems associated with modernity, such as industrialization and the process of ' rationalization '.

Some scholars distinguish Classical Indology from Modern Indology, the former more focussed on Sanskrit and other ancient language sources, the latter on contemporary India, its politics and sociology.

Modern academic sociology arose as a reaction to modernity, capitalism, urbanization, rationalization, and secularization, bearing a particularly strong interest in the emergence of the modern nation state ; its constituent institutions, its units of socialization, and its means of surveillance.

Modern understanding of internal communications is a field of its own and draws on the theory and practice of related professions, not least journalism, knowledge management, public relations, media relations, marketing and human resources, as well as wider organizational studies, communication theory, social psychology, sociology and political science.

Members of the Department specialize in various stages of the development of philosophy ( Ancient philosophy, the Middle Ages, the Modern era, contemporary and postmodern philosophy ), also carrying out research in various philosophical disciplines ( metaphysics, logic, aesthetics, sociology, political science, religious studies, philosophy of nature, philosophy of history ) and investigating various aspects and problems of philosophy ( ethics of medicine, feminism, applied ethics, interpretation of art, Bible studies, philosophy of language ).

Possible directions include ( eventually combinations of ): ancient Greek and Latin, Modern Languages ( stressing French and Dutch, English and a choice between Spanish or German ), Sciences ( chemistry, physics, biology and geography ), Mathematics, Economy, and Human Sciences ( psychology, sociology, media ).

On the other hand, the bright vision of the future has been directly stated in science fiction concerned with projecting ideal societies -- science fiction, of course, is related, if sometimes distantly, to that utopian literature optimistic about science, literature whose period of greatest vigor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries produced Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward and H. G. Wells's A Modern Utopia.

Modern physics has developed the theory that all matter consists of minute waves of energy.

Modern man, as Dietrich Bonhoeffer has told us, has `` come of age '' ; ;

Modern psychology has shown that paralleling `` the authoritarian personality '' is `` the bigoted personality '' in which insecurity, inferiority, suspicion, and distrust combine to provide a target for antagonism so indispensable that it will be manufactured if it does not exist naturally.

Modern Westerners have difficulty comprehending this fusion of moral and material, largely because in the West the historical trend has been to deny the connection.

Modern Algerian literature, split between Arabic, Kabyle and French, has been strongly influenced by the country's recent history.

In Modern Greek, vowel length has been lost, and all instances of alpha represent the short.

From the Early Modern period, their name has become a term for female warriors in general.

* Swearingen Jr., William Scott Environmental City: People, Place, and the Meaning of Modern Austin ( University of Texas Press ; 2010 ) 273 pages ; traces the history of environmentalism in the Texas capital, which has been part of a larger effort to preserve Austin's quality of life and sense of place.

During the more recent Modern era and in the Post-Modern period the artillery crew has used wheeled or tracked vehicles as a mode of transportation.

Modern coastal artillery ( for example, Russia's " Bereg " system ) is often self propelled, ( allowing it to avoid counter-battery fire ) and fully integrated, meaning that each battery has all of the support systems that it requires ( maintenance, targeting radar, etc.

Modern genetics has made clear that the lack of use does not, in itself, necessitate a feature's disappearance.

Modern ballroom dance has its roots early in the 20th century, when several different things happened more or less at the same time.

Modern technology ( the internet and cheaper home printing ) has also influenced board games via the phenomenon of print-and-play board games that you buy and print yourself.

It is written in English, very similar to the Early Modern English linguistic style of the King James Version of the Bible, and has since been fully or partially translated into 108 languages.

Modern barter and trade has evolved considerably to become an effective method of increasing sales, conserving cash, moving inventory, and making use of excess production capacity for businesses around the world.

Modern biotechnology has evolved, making it possible to produce more easily and relatively cheaply human growth hormone, clotting factors for hemophiliacs, fertility drugs, erythropoietin and other drugs.

Although some of Chaplin's critics have claimed that credit for his film music should be given to the composers who worked with him, for example Raksin, who worked with Chaplin on Modern Times, has stressed Chaplin's creative position and active participation in the composing process.

Modern cultural anthropology has its origins in, and developed in reaction to, 19th century " ethnology ", which involves the organized comparison of human societies.

Modern research has located 20, 000 mass graves from the Khmer Rouge era all over Cambodia.

More recently, Modern Family character Cameron Tucker has been shown as a Bears fan.

Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as " football ", played at public schools in England in the mid-19th century.

Modern citizenship has often been looked at as two competing underlying ideas:

Modern American politics has been described as a duopoly since the Republican and Democratic parties have dominated and framed policy debate as well as the public discourse on matters of national concern for about a century and a half.

The Cubs have won 10 of those pennants in Major League Baseball's Modern Era ( 1901 – present ), while all 18 of the Cardinals ' have been won since 1901.

Modern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between " language " and " dialect " an issue of great political importance.

Modern distance education initially relied on the development of postal services in the 19th century and has been practised at least since Isaac Pitman taught shorthand in Great Britain via correspondence in the 1840s.

Modern devices are already in the nanometer regime, with sub-100 nm processing having been standard since the early 2000s.

* English in the British Isles until its consolidation as a national language in the Renaissance and the rise of Modern English ; subsequently internationally under the various states in or formerly in the British Empire ; globally since the victories of the predominantly English speaking countries ( United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and others ) and their allies in the two world wars ending in 1918 ( World War I ) and 1945 ( WW II ) and the subsequent rise of the United States as a superpower and major cultural influence.

Modern warfare since the late Renaissance has relied upon firearms, with wide-ranging effects on military history and history in general.

** Modern Egypt: since 1882

Modern Greece: A History since 1821 ( 2009 ) excerpt and text search

A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300.

A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1200.

" Modern French orders of knighthood include women, for example the Légion d ' Honneur ( Legion of Honor ) since the mid-19th c., but they are usually called chevaliers.

The question of whether or not existence is a predicate has been discussed since the Early Modern period, not least in relation to the ontological argument for the existence of God.

* Dent, David W. Encyclopedia of Modern Mexico ( 2002 ); since 1940 ; 376pp

Such a bed trick has been a dramatic convention since antiquity and was used more than 40 times by every major playwright in the Early Modern theatre era except for Ben Jonson.

In Łukasiewicz 1951 book, Aristotle ’ s Syllogistic from the Standpoint of Modern Formal Logic, he mentions that the principle of his notation was to write the functors before the arguments to avoid brackets and that he had employed his notation in his logical papers since 1929.

Ethnic minorities declined since the beginning of the Modern Age, like the Polabs, Sorbs and even the once important Low Germans had to assimilate themselves.

Modern computer-monitors typically display about 72 to 130 pixels per inch ( PPI ), and some modern consumer printers can resolve 2400 dots per inch ( DPI ) or more ; determining the most appropriate image resolution for a given printer-resolution can pose difficulties, since printed output may have a greater level of detail than a viewer can discern on a monitor.

There have been numerous museum shows of Bearden's work since then, including a 1971 show at the Museum of Modern Art entitled Prevalence of Ritual, an exhibition of his highly prized prints entitled A Graphic Odyssey showing the work of the last fifteen years of his life, and the 2005 National Gallery of Art retrospective entitled The Art of Romare Bearden.

Modern Russian calculators MK-161 and MK-152, designed and manufactured in Novosibirsk since 2007 and offered by Semico, are backward compatible with them.

Shipbuilding # Modern worldwide shipbuilding industry | Shipbuilding is a flagship industry of South Korea that boomed since the 1960s.

In Modern Greek usage ( and since the Roman Imperial period ), the letters < η > < ι > < υ > and the letter combinations < ει > < oι > < υι > may be pronounced.

Modern installations of such equipment may use mice instead, since most people now already know how to use one.