* Mohism, which advocated the idea of universal love: Mozi believed that " everyone is equal before heaven ", and that people should seek to imitate heaven by engaging in the practice of collective love.

In this context, it is more readily construed as meaning " school of thought ", since it is also used to construct the names of philosophical schools contemporary with Confucianism: for example, the Chinese names for Legalism and Mohism end in jiā.

Taoism / Daoism is one of a few Chinese-ism borrowings, along with Confucianism, Mohism, and Maoism.

Rather than standards of national wealth which are rationalized in terms of first-world development, industrialization, capital and assets appreciation, trade surplus or deficit ; the measure of a country's wealth in Mohism is a matter of sufficient provision and a large population.

Mohism promotes a philosophy of impartial caring ; that is, a person should care equally for all other individuals, regardless of their actual relationship to him or her.

In Mohism, morality is defined not by tradition and ritual, but rather by a constant moral guide that parallels utilitarianism.

Mohism is opposed to any form of aggression, especially war between states.

One of the schools of Mohism that has received some attention is the Logicians school, which was interested in resolving logical puzzles.

While the Tao Te Ching is most famous, there are many other important texts in traditional Taoism including Mohism.

The main character Fu Ziche ( 輔子徹 ) is a young follower of Mohism, and is also an expert in mechanical engineering, especially concerning Ji Guan Ren ( 機關人 ), man-sized robots or golems powered by small breasts.

Other philosophers, theorists, and schools of thought in this era were Mozi, founder of Mohism ; Mencius, a famous Confucian who expanded upon Confucius ' legacy ; Shang Yang and Han Fei, responsible for the development of ancient Chinese Legalism ( the core philosophy of the Qin Dynasty ); and Xun Zi, who was arguably the center of ancient Chinese intellectual life during his time, even more so than iconic intellectual figures such as Mencius.

One of the schools that grew out of Mohism, the Logicians, are credited by some scholars for their early investigation of formal logic.

The Analects, the main source of the Confucianism of Confucius, actually has little to say on the matter of filial piety and some sources believe the concept was focused on by later thinkers as a response to Mohism.

Mohism though popular at first due to its emphasis on brotherly love versus harsh Qin Legalism, fell out of favour during the Han Dynasty due to the efforts of Confucians in establishing their views as political orthodoxy.

Mohism ( Moism ), founded by Mozi ( 墨子 ), promotes universal love with the aim of mutual benefit.

Two philosophical underpinnings of love exist in the Chinese tradition, one from Confucianism which emphasized actions and duty while the other came from Mohism which championed a universal love.

Mohism stressed that rather than adopting different attitudes towards different people, love should be unconditional and offered to everyone without regard to reciprocation, not just to friends, family and other Confucian relations.

Mohism or Moism () was a Chinese philosophy developed by the followers of Mozi ( also referred to as Mo Tzu ( Master Mo ), Latinized as Micius ), 470 BC – c. 391 BC.

The Hundred Schools of Thought of Chinese philosophy blossomed during this period, and such influential intellectual movements as Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism and Mohism were founded, partly in response to the changing political world.

As Confucianism became the preferred philosophy of later Chinese dynasties, starting from the Emperor Wu of Han, Mohism and other non-Confucian philosophical schools of thought were suppressed.

The Han dynasty that followed adopted Confucianism as the official state philosophy, as did most other successive dynasties, though Daoism and later Buddhism also played an important part in later Chinese life and thought, while Mohism all but disappeared as a separate school of thought.

Jin Guantao, a professor of the Institute of Chinese Studies at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Fan Hongye, a research fellow with the Chinese Academy of Sciences ' Institute of Science Policy and Managerial Science, and Liu Qingfeng, a professor of the Institute of Chinese Culture at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, have argued that without the influence of proto-scientific precepts in the ancient philosophy of Mohism, Chinese science lacked a definitive structure:

These included Mohism ( a utilitarian philosophy ), Taoism, Legalism ( a school of thought based on the supremacy of the state ), and Confucianism.

The School of Names or Logicians ( 名家 ; Míngjiā ; Ming-chia ; " School of names ") grew out of Mohism, with a philosophy that focused on definition and logic.

It was during the Warring States era that the major philosophies of China, Confucianism, Mohism, Legalism, and Taoism, arose, along with philosophies that later fell into obscurity, like Agriculturalism, Chinese Naturalism, and the Logicians.

Mohism was a philosophical school of thought founded by Mozi in the 5th century BCE.

During that time, Mohism ( 墨 Mo ) was seen as a major rival to Confucianism ( 儒 Ru ).

The Logicians or School of Names ( 名家: Míng jiā ) was a Chinese philosophical school that grew out of Mohism in the Warring States Period in 479 – 221 BCE.

Mohism or Moism ( 墨家 ; Mòjiā ; Mo-chia ; " School of Mo ") was developed by followers of Mozi ( also referred to as Mo Di ; 470 – c. 391 BC ).

Though the school did not survive through the Qin Dynasty, Mohism was seen as a major rival of Confucianism in the period of the Hundred Schools of Thought.

The first surviving mention of the principles behind the pinhole camera or camera obscura belongs to Mozi ( Mo-Ti ) ( 470 to 390 BCE ), a Chinese philosopher and the founder of Mohism.

The most notable schools of thought include Mohism, expounded by Mozi ; Confucianism, represented by Mencius and Xunzi ; Taoism, represented by Zhuangzi, and Legalism, represented by Shang Yang and Han Feizi.

Mohism might be argued to have elements of meritocracy: Mozi contended that rulers should appoint officials by virtue of their ability instead of their family connections.

The Warring States Period and the preceding were marked by frequent violence and war, and many new philosophies were founded to cope with the environment of the time including, Daoism, Confucianism, and Mohism.

* Confucianism, Taoism, and Mohism were traditional competing philosophies to Legalism, that rejected many of the concepts advocated by the Legalists.

Although popular faith in Mohism had declined by the end of the Qin Dynasty, its views are said to be strongly echoed in Legalist thought.

Stanford sinologist David Shepherd Nivison, in the The Cambridge History of Ancient China, writes that the moral goods of Mohism " are interrelated: more basic wealth, then more reproduction ; more people, then more production and wealth ... if people have plenty, they would be good, filial, kind, and so on unproblematically.

The largest philosophical rivals to Confucianism were Legalism and Mohism before the Han dynasty.

Of the many schools founded at this time and during the subsequent Warring States Period, the four most influential ones were Confucianism, Daoism ( often spelled " Taoism "), Mohism and Legalism.

Stanford sinologist David Shepherd Nivison, in the The Cambridge History of Ancient China, writes that the moral goods of Mohism " are interrelated: more basic wealth, then more reproduction ; more people, then more production and wealth ... if people have plenty, they would be good, filial, kind, and so on unproblematically.

The Golden Rule existed among all the major philosophical schools of Ancient China: Mohism, Taoism, and Confucianism.

Stanford sinologist David Shepherd Nivison, in the The Cambridge History of Ancient China, writes that the moral goods of Mohism " are interrelated: more basic wealth, then more reproduction ; more people, then more production and wealth ... if people have plenty, they would be good, filial, kind, and so on unproblematically.