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Molecular and evidence
Molecular analysis suggests that the frog – salamander divergence took place considerably earlier than the palaeontological evidence indicates.
Molecular evidence suggests that the Phycodnaviridae may have evolved from the family Iridoviridae.
Molecular evidence suggests that between 8 and 4 million years ago, first the gorillas, and then the chimpanzees ( genus Pan ) split off from the line leading to the humans ; human DNA is approximately 98. 4 % identical to that of chimpanzees when comparing single nucleotide polymorphisms ( see human evolutionary genetics ).
Molecular evidence place them within the family Peridiscaceae of the order Saxifragales.
Molecular evidence shows that some limited number of Hox genes have existed in the Cnidaria since before the earliest true Bilatera, making these genes pre-Paleozoic.
Molecular evidence suggests that the Shoebill and the Hamerkop form a sister group to the pelicans, though there is some doubt as to the exact relationship between the three lineages.
Molecular evidence strongly confirms that Psilotum is a fern.
Molecular evidence, that is, a specific pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile, suggests that the distinct genotype of El Tor strain which appeared in Calcutta in 1993, may have spread to the African subcontinent.
Molecular and morphological evidence places Macgregoria in the Meliphagidae and the Cnemophilinae near the base of the corvoid tree.
Molecular evidence indicates that the steppe polecat and black-footed ferret diverged from Mustela stromeri sometime between 500, 000 and 2, 000, 000 years ago, perhaps in Beringia.
Molecular evidence suggests that a reptile-specifically a squamate-was the first vertebrate host of Plasmodium.
Molecular phylogenetic evidence has moved several other physically dissimilar groups into Boletales, including the Sclerodermataceae ( earthballs ) and the Rhizopogonaceae ( false truffles ).
Molecular data, including analysis of retrotransposon insertion sites in the nuclear DNA of a variety of marsupials, and the fossil evidence indicate that Ameridelphia might best be understood as an evolutionary grade.
Molecular evidence such as a result of studies of the evolution of small-subunit ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) supports the monophyly of the phyla listed in the infobox shown at right.
* ( 2001 ): Molecular systematics of the Oncidiinae based on evidence from four DNA sequence regions: expanded circumscriptions of Cyrtochilum, Erycina, Otoglossum, and Trichocentrum and a new genus ( Orchidaceae ).
Molecular phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that asexual Neotyphodium species are derived either from individual Epichloë species, or more commonly, from hybrids with at least two ancestral Epichloë species.
Molecular evidence indicates that Archaezoa have the genetic marker of mitochondria in their nucleus that suggests the had and then lost mitochondria.
Molecular phylogenetic investigation ( as well as supporting evidence from micromorphology and chemotaxonomy ) has since demonstrated that similar types of basidiomycete growth form are often examples of convergent evolution and do not always reflect a close relationship between different groups of fungi.
Molecular evidence that the spiny mouse ( Acomys ) is more closely related to gerbils ( Gerbillinae ) than to the true mice ( Murinae ).
Molecular evidence that the spiny mouse ( Acomys ) is more closely related to gerbils ( Gerbillinae ) than to the true mice ( Murinae ).
Molecular systematics of the Oncidiinae based on evidence from four DNA sequence regions: expanded circumscriptions of Cyrtochilum, Erycina, Otoglossum, and Trichocentrum and a new genus ( Orchidaceae ) in Lindleyana 16 ( 2 ): 113-139 .</ ref > The last common species which was occasionally classified under Miltonia is Chamaeleorchis warszewiczii ,< ref >< span style =" font-variant: small-caps "> Senghas, Karlheinz & Lückel, Emil </ span > ( 1997 ).
* ( 2006 ): Molecular evidence for the non-monophyletic status of Naidinae ( Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificidae ). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 570-584.
Molecular fossil evidence, however, indicates the possibility that Bennettitales and Angiosperms ( along with Gigantopteridales ) form a clade, based on the presence of oleanane in fossils of these groups.

Molecular and lineage
The African warbler genus Hyliota as a lost lineage in the Oscine songbird tree: Molecular support for an African origin of the Passerida.
; Voelker, G. & Pasquet, E. ( 2006 ): The African warbler genus Hyliota as a lost lineage in the Oscine songbird tree: Molecular support for an African origin of the Passerida.

Molecular and family
* Fjeldså, Jon ; Irestedt, Martin & Ericson, Per G. P. ( 2005 ): Molecular data reveal some major adaptational shifts in the early evolution of the most diverse avian family, the Furnariidae.
Molecular studies by several groups of authors, as of 2008, have confirmed that the baccate ( fleshy ) fruits evolved twice from capsular fruits, and as such the two subfamily classification does not accurately portray the phylogenetic (= evolutionary ) history of the family.
* Fjeldså, Jon ; Irestedt, Martin & Ericson, Per G. P. ( 2005 ): Molecular data reveal some major adaptational shifts in the early evolution of the most diverse avian family, the Furnariidae.
Molecular studies find support for few close relatives, and they are treated as a family at present, although it has been suggested that they form a clade with two enigmatic species in the genus Modulatrix.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences has shown that Agapanthus is sister to a clade consisting of subfamilies Allioideae and Amaryllidoideae of the family Amaryllidaceae ( sensu APG III ).
Molecular phylogenetic studies confirmed the suspicions of many that this group was misplaced, and consequently, the family Themidaceae was resurrected in 1996.
The Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine was named after the Boyer family in 1991 .< ref >
( 2004 ): Molecular phylogeny of the family Pectinidae ( Mollusca: Bivalvia )
* ( 2007 ): Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes ( Chaetodontidae ): Taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family.
Molecular investigation of the genus has revealed that Ranunculus is not monophyletic with respect to a number of other recognized genera in the family – e. g. Ceratocephala, Halerpestes, Hamadryas, Laccopetalum, Myosurus, Oxygraphis, Paroxygraphis and Trautvetteria.
Molecular and physiological data linking this family to others is ambiguous and often contradictory, which means the taxonomy of this family is highly contentious.
Molecular phylogenetic studies of the 2000s have revised our concept of the family ; in a highly-cited 2006 publication, Manfred Binder and David Hibbett included 38 genera.
* Suárez-Castillo and García-Arrarás ( 2007 ) " Molecular evolution of the ependymin protein family: a necessary update " BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 23.
Molecular phylogenetic studies show that, as an ancient species in the order Carnivora, the Red Panda is relatively close to the American Raccoon and may be either a monotypic family or a subfamily within the procynonid family.
Molecular genetic studies of the HPRT gene mutations may confirm diagnosis, and are particularly helpful for subsequent ' carrier testing ' in at-risk females such as close family relatives on the female side.
* ( 2007 ): Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes ( Chaetodontidae ): Taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family.
Molecular genetics studies have placed the genus in the family Lamiales.
The character is notable for being the first witch in the Warren family line and for prophesying the arrival of her descendants, the Charmed Ones, who possess access to the " Power of Three " as well as splitting between them versions of Melinda's three magical powers of Telekinesis, Premonitions, and Molecular Immobilization.
Molecular results have consistently produced a sister relationship between the mountain beaver and the squirrels ( family Sciuridae ).
Molecular studies have shown that the genus Portulacaria ( previously in Portulacaceae ) is part of this family, thus extending its distribution beyond the island of Madagascar.

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