In September, 1991, after the start of the Sierra Leone Civil War, Momoh ushered in a new constitution, providing for a multi-party state and ending the single party rule Siaka Stevens initiated in the 1970s.

In October 1990, due to mounting pressure from both within and outside the country for political and economic reform, president Momoh set up a constitutional review commission to review the 1978 one-party constitution.

During his seven year tenure, Momoh welcomed the spread of unchecked corruption and complete economic collapse.

With the lack of new faces in the new APC cabinet under president Momoh and the return of many of the old faces from Stevens government, criticisms soon arose that Momoh was simply perpetuating the rule of Stevens.

There was great suspicion that president Momoh was not serious about his promise of political reform, as APC rule continued to be increasingly marked by abuses of power.

In October 1990 President Momoh set up a constitutional review commission to review the 1978 one-party constitution with a view to broadening the existing political process, guaranteeing fundamental human rights and the rule of law, and strengthening and consolidating the democratic foundation and structure of the nation.

There was great suspicion that president Momoh was not serious about his promise of political reform, as APC rule continued to be increasingly marked by abuses of power.

* 1937 – Joseph Saidu Momoh, Sierra Leone political leader ( d. 2003 )

* 1991 – The Revolutionary United Front, with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor ’ s National Patriotic Front of Liberia, invades Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow Joseph Saidu Momoh, sparking a gruesome 11-year Sierra Leone Civil War.

As head of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces, Major General Momoh was very loyal to Stevens who had appointed him to the position.

On 29 April 1992, a twenty five year old Captain Valentine Strasser lead a group of seven junior officers in the Sierra Leone army that that included Lieutenant Sahr Sandy, Sergeant Solomon Musa, Lieutenant Tom Nyuma, Captain Julius Maada Bio and Captain Komba Mondeh came all the way from their military baracks in Kailahun District and launched a military coup in Freetown, which sent president Momoh into exile in Guinea and the young soldiers established the National Provisional Ruling Council ( NPRC ) with Strasser as its chairman and Head of State of the country.

He was the leading member in a group of six young Sierra Leonean soldiers who overthrew president Joseph Saidu Momoh in the April 29, 1992 military coup.

During Strasser's time at the war front in Kailahun District against the RUF, the Government of Sierra Leone led by president Joseph Saidu Momoh hardly supplied enough boots to the soldiers and the necessary military equipment to help fortify Strasser and his fellow soldiers in the war against the RUF.

) Joseph Saidu Momoh ( January 26, 1937 – August 3, 2003 ) was the President of Sierra Leone from November, 1985 to April 29, 1992.

Joseph Saidu Momoh was born on January 26, 1937 in Binkolo, Bombali District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone to Limba Parents.

Momoh served as President of Sierra Leone from November 28, 1985 to April 29, 1992.

A professional soldier drawn into politics, Momoh rose from the enlisted ranks, to the highest position in the Sierra Leone Military Forces ( Major-General ), during his presidency.

Sierra Leone reached the point under President Momoh where it could not afford to import gasoline and fuel oil, and the country went without electricity for months at a time.

“ Joseph Saidu Momoh: A Legacy of Missed Opportunity ,” Awoko ( Freetown, Sierra Leone ), 25 July 2003, p. 7.

Bio was later sent to Kambia District as part of the Economic Emergency Unit, created by President Joseph Saidu Momoh to combat the deepening meltdown and criminality across Sierra Leone.

After a year in Liberia as an ECOMOG soldier, the Sierra Leone Government ordered Bio and several members of Sierra Leonean soldiers serving in Liberia to immediately return to Sierra Leone and report to the army barracks in Daru, Kailahun District as a member of a 600 battalion of soldiers set up by President Momoh in order to squash a rebellion by rebels known as the Revolutionary United Front ( RUF ) that had just begun in villages in Jaluahun Chiefdom, Kailahun District in Eastern Sierra Leone in March 1991.

The Sierra Leone Civil War ( 1991 – 2002 ) began on 23 March 1991 when the Revolutionary United Front ( RUF ), with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor ’ s National Patriotic Front of Liberia ( NPFL ), intervened in Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow the Joseph Momoh government.

Like Stevens, Momoh was also a member of the minority Limba ethnic group.

Momoh was elected President in a referendum on 1 October 1985.

" After an alleged attempt to overthrow President Momoh in March 1987, more than 60 senior government officials were arrested, including Vice-President Francis Minah, who was removed from office, convicted for plotting the coup, and executed by hanging in 1989 along with 5 others.

In 1992 the army was expanded to 6, 150 under President Joseph Saidu Momoh in a ' poorly designed strategy that eradicated the few remaining elements of cohesion in the military ... recruits were mainly drifters, rural and urban unemployed, a fair number of hooligans, drug addicts, and thieves.

Momoh was overthrown in a military coup staged by Valentine Strasser, a 25-year-old army captain, in April, 1992.

Momoh was overthrown in a military coup in 1992, and during the long civil war that followed, the party was severely weakened.

Giwa reported the interrogations to his friend Prince Tony Momoh who was then the Minister of Communications, Giwa had told Momoh that he feared for his life because of the weight of the accusations levelled against him.

Akilu also said that he had wanted to visit Giwa at home to " prove a Hausa adage that if you visit someone in his house, you show him you are really a friend .” Ekpu claimed that he remembered Gwarzo saying that the killing was " quite embarrassing " and also that Tony Momoh also described it as " a clear case of assassination ", later on he was also quoted as saying " a special probe would serve no useful purpose ".

In this period the diamond trade was dominated by Lebanese traders and later ( after a shift in favor on the part of the Momoh government ) by Israelis with connections to the international diamond markets in Antwerp.

Comfort Momoh, a specialist midwife in England, writes that in Ethiopia the Falashas perform it when the child is a few days old, the Amhara on the eighth day of birth, while the Adere and Oromo choose between four years and puberty.

Momoh writes that, in some communities, when a pregnant woman who has not experienced FGM goes into labour, the procedure is performed before she gives birth, because it is believed the baby may be stillborn if it touches her clitoris.

Momoh says the short-term mortality rate is around 10 percent, due to complications such as infection, haemorrhage, and hypovolemic shock.

* Momoh, Comfort.

In August 1985 the APC named military commander Maj. Gen. Joseph Saidu Momoh, Stevens ' own choice, as the party candidate to succeed Stevens.

The next couple of years under the Momoh administration were characterised by corruption, which Momoh defused by sacking several senior cabinet ministers.

To formalise his war against corruption, President Momoh announced a " Code of Conduct for Political Leaders and Public Servants.

Several senior government officials in the APC administration of Momoh like Salia Jusu Sheriff, Abass Bundu, J. B. Dauda and Sama Banya resigned from the APC government respectively to resuscitate the previously disbanded SLPP.

Strikes should be declared illegal against corporations because disagreements would have to be settled by government representatives acting as controllers of the corporation whose responsibility to the state would now be defined against proprietorship because employees and proprietors must be completely interdependent, as they are each a part of the whole.

So British subjects voluntarily naturalized in a foreign state are deemed aliens from the time of such naturalization, unless, in the case of persons naturalized before the passing of the act, they have declared their desire to remain British subjects within two years from the passing of the act.

In 1990, after violent episodes in Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Baku and Sumgait, Moscow declared a state of emergency in Karabakh, sent troops to the region, and forcibly occupied Baku, killing over a hundred civilians.

In his speech accepting the nomination, Johnson said that by taking a nominee from a seceding state, " the Union Party declared its belief that the rebellious states are still in the Union, that their loyal citizens are still citizens of the United States.

It was not until 1963 that the U. S. Supreme Court declared that legal counsel must be provided at the expense of the state for indigent felony defendants, under the federal Sixth Amendment, in state courts.

Hot spots in the present civil war. The war started on December 23, 2005, when the government of Chad declared a state of war with Sudan and called for the citizens of Chad to mobilize themselves against the " common enemy ," which the Chadian government sees as the Rally for Democracy and Liberty ( RDL ) militants, Chadian rebels, backed by the Sudanese government, and Sudanese militiamen.

On December 24, 2005, Chad declared itself as in a " state of belligerance " with neighboring Sudan.

Soon after Fidel Castro declared Cuba a socialist state, Costa Rican President Mario Echandi ended diplomatic relations on 10 September 1961 with the island through Executive Decree Number 2, in compliance with sanctions placed on Cuba by the Organization of American States.

In 1983, the Turkish Cypriots declared an independent state called the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ( TRNC ), an action opposed by the United Nations Security Council.

" Freedom of contract is a qualified and not an absolute right ...," Hughes declared in upholding an Iowa law that voided contracts limiting the legal rights of railroad workers: The state may " interfere where the parties do not stand upon an equality ...." Using similar reasoning, the associate justice upheld a California law that mandated a forty-eight-hour work-week for women in various industries and allowed a federal statute to override a contract between an interstate railroad and its employees.

The US state of Illinois declared " American " to be the state's official language in 1923, although linguists and politicians throughout much of the rest of the country considered American simply to be a dialect.

However December 16 is only the date on which the state celebrates the event, while the actual day on which the independence of Bahrain was declared was August 15, 1971 ( see Bahrain Independence Day )

Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another nation or failed nation, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state.

The DFLP declared that its goal was to ‘’ create a people ’ s democratic Palestine, where Arabs and Jews would live without discrimination, a state without classes and national oppression, a state which allows Arabs and Jews to develop their national culture .’’

The Eritrean authorities declared Eritrea an independent state on 27 April.

A similar declaration was issued with regard to Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo's conferring of episcopal ordination on four men-all of whom, by virtue of previous Independent Catholic consecrations, claimed already to be bishops-on 24 September 2006: the Holy See, as well as stating that, in accordance with Canon 1382 of the Code of Canon Law, all five men involved incurred automatic (" latae sententiae ") excommunication through their actions, declared that " the Church does not recognise and does not intend in the future to recognise these ordinations or any ordinations derived from them, and she holds that the canonical state of the four alleged bishops is the same as it was prior to the ordination.

By 1943, after Italy faced multiple military failures, complete reliance and subordination of Italy to Germany, and Allied invasion of Italy, and corresponding international humiliation, Mussolini was removed as head of government and arrested by the order of King Victor Emmanuel III who proceeded to dismantle the Fascist state and declared Italy's switching of allegiance to the Allied side.

Godzilla is later sighted at Tokyo Bay, forcing mass evacuations out of the city and a state of emergency is declared.

Bongo again declared Gabon a one-party state by dissolving the BDG and establishing the Gabonese Democratic Party ( PDG ).

In March 1968 Bongo declared Gabon a one-party state by dissolving the BDG and establishing a new party: the Gabonese Democratic Party ( Parti Démocratique Gabonais ) ( PDG ).

In March 1968, Bongo declared Gabon a one-party state by dissolving the BDG and establishing a new party — the Gabonese Democratic Party.

On November 7, 2007, during a period of mass protests, President Saakashvili declared Tbilisi to be in a state of emergency.

Later that day, the President declared a state of emergency in the whole country of Georgia.