Moral nihilists assert that morality does not inherently exist, and that any established moral values are abstractly contrived.

Moral nihilists consider morality to be constructed, a complex set of rules and recommendations that may give a psychological, social, or economical advantage to its adherents, but is otherwise without universal or even relative truth in any sense.

For instance, Sydney Pollack brought a lawsuit against Danish TV after screening his 1975 film Three Days of the Condor in pan-and-scan in 1991 ( The court ruled that the pan scanning conducted by Danish television was a ' mutilation ' of the film and a violation of Pollack's ' Droit Moral ', his legal right as an artist to maintain his reputation by protecting the integrity of his work.

To maintain that the only Good is Moral Worth is to do away with the care of one's

I consider them as the three greatest men that have ever lived, without any exception, and as having laid the foundation of those superstructures which have been raised in the Physical and Moral sciences ".

*** Moral realism ( in the robust sense ; see moral universalism for the minimalist sense ) holds that such propositions are about robust or mind-independent facts, that is, not facts about any person or group's subjective opinion, but about objective features of the world.

Moral nihilism must be distinguished from moral relativism, which does allow for moral statements to be true or false in a non-universal sense, but does not assign any static truth-values to moral statements.

* Moral skepticism is the class of meta-ethical theories all members of which entail that no one has any moral knowledge.

Moral equivalence is a term used in political debate, usually to criticize any denial that a moral hierarchy can be assessed of two sides in a conflict, or in the actions or tactics of two sides.

Moral nihilism, also known as ethical nihilism, is the meta-ethical view that morality does not exist as something inherent to objective reality ; therefore no action is necessarily preferable to any other.

In his 2003 book, A Moral Reckoning, Daniel Goldhagen, asserts that Pius XII " chose again and again not to mention the Jews publicly .... public statements by Pius XII ... any mention of the Jews is conspicuously absent.

At this point Cudworth stops ; he does not attempt to give any list of Moral Ideas.

Moral relativism may be any of several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgments across different people and cultures.

Moral relativists deny that there is any kind of objective standard for justice in general.

Moral realism stands in opposition to all forms of moral anti-realism, including ethical subjectivism ( which denies that moral propositions refer to objective facts ), error theory ( which denies that any moral propositions are true ), and non-cognitivism ( which denies that moral sentences express propositions at all ).

Moral universalism ( also called moral objectivism or universal morality ) is the meta-ethical position that some system of ethics, or a universal ethic, applies universally, that is, for " all similarly situated individuals ", regardless of culture, race, sex, religion, nationality, sexuality, or any other distinguishing feature.

Moral rights are distinct from any economic rights tied to copyrights.

" Moral skepticism " denotes a class of metaethical theories all members of which entail that no one has any moral knowledge.

Moral error theory holds that we do not know that any moral claim is true because

All versions of Epistemological Moral Skepticism hold that we are unjustified in believing any moral proposition.

Moral support is a way of giving support to a person or cause, or to one side in a conflict, without making any contribution beyond the emotional or psychological value of the encouragement.

Of Locke's influence Thomas Jefferson wrote: " Bacon, Locke and Newton I consider them as the three greatest men that have ever lived, without any exception, and as having laid the foundation of those superstructures which have been raised in the Physical & Moral sciences ".

Moral nihilism is distinct from moral relativism, which does allow for moral statements to be true or false in a non-objective sense, but does not assign any static truth-values to moral statements, and of course moral universalism, which holds moral statements to be objectively true or false.

* Moral universalism ( also called minimal or moderate moral realism ), the meta-ethical position that some system of ethics or morality is universally valid, without any further semantic or metaphysical claim.

It is a collection of singles and B-sides that had never appeared on any of the band's full-length albums ( except for " Moral Threat " and " All the Answers ").

" If spiritual Faith is a natural duty — namely, if it is obligatory on account of the relation in which men stand to God as creatures to their Creator — it is commanded by the Moral Law, and it was incumbent on Adam as much as on any of his posterity.

In 2000, he was also on the short-lived show Moral Court, where conservative talk show host Larry Elder ruled that, in his opinion, Burck's Naked Cowboy persona was not immoral and not a danger to public safety.

** Moral relativism maintains that all moral judgments have their origins either in societal or in individual standards, and that no single objective standard exists by which one can assess the truth of a moral proposition.

* Moral realism is the class of theories which hold that there are true moral statements that report objective moral facts.

* Moral anti-realism, on the other hand, holds that moral statements either fail or do not even attempt to report objective moral facts.

Moral philosophers since David Hume have debated whether values are objective, and thus factual.

Moral truths cannot be observed in the same way as material facts ( which are objective ), so it seems odd to count them in the same category.

Moral philosophers differ as to the origin of moral obligation, and whether such obligations are external to the agent ( that is, are, in some sense, objective and applicable to all agents ) or are internal ( that is, are based on the agent's personal desires, upbringing, conscience, and so on ).

# Moral realism, the view that there are objective facts of morality,

Moral sense might inform us of the existence of objective morality, just as eyesight informs us of the existence of colors.

To achieve its objective of ' synthesis of spiritual values and scientific achievements of the East and the West ', it has evolved Five-fold Educational Programme ( Panchmukhi Shiksha ) consisting of the following aspects: ( i ) Physical, ( ii ) Practical, ( iii ) Aesthetic, ( iv ) Moral and ( v ) Intellectual.

** Moral universalism ( or universal morality ) is the meta-ethical position that some system of ethics, or a universal ethic, applies universally, that is to all people regardless of culture, race, sex, religion, nationality, sexuality, or other distinguishing feature.

Moral absolutism stands in contrast to other categories of normative ethical theories such as consequentialism, which holds that the morality ( in the wide sense ) of an act depends on the consequences or the context of the act.

In response, Arnauld wrote Théologie morale des Jésuites ( Moral Theology of the Jesuits ), which was the basis of most of the arguments later used by Pascal in his Provincial Letters denouncing the " relaxed morality " of Jesuitism.

Given the importance of these concepts in Moral Politics, it is important to consider their meaning along with how each view suggests and is justified by a corresponding view of the nature of child rearing, morality, and justice.

In 1726 he published A letter to a Deist concerning the Beauty and Excellency of Moral Virtue, and the Support and Improvement which it receives from the Christian Religion, chiefly designed to show that, while a love of virtue for its own sake is the highest principle of morality, religious rewards and punishments are most valuable, and in some cases absolutely indispensable, as sanctions of conduct.

Elizabeth Anscombe in her article " Modern Moral Philosophy " ( 1958 ) argued that duty based conceptions of morality are conceptually incoherent for they are based on the idea of a " law without a lawgiver ".

# The Moral Reflection – Rumi supports his voice of morality by including quotations from the Quran and various hadith stories of events in the life of the Prophet Mohammed.

This is true of some forms of Moral realism, which states that something can be wrong, even if every thinking person believes otherwise ( the idea of brute fact about morality ).

Cunningham appeared as a panelist on the American Public Television program, The Struggle for Moral Leadership, a series of two one-hour programs that explore ethics and morality in political leadership, which was moderated by Harvard University professor Arthur Miller and included political analyst George Stephanopoulos.

* Moral contingency: If morality depends on the perfectly free will of God, morality would lose its necessity: " If nothing prevents God from loving things that are different from what God actually loves, then goodness can change from world to world or time to time.

Her book, The Moral State We're In, a study of morality and public policy in modern Britain ( ISBN 0-00-718167-1 ), was published in 2005.

Gisbourne's Principles of Moral Philosophy ( 1789 ) was a forceful evangelical attack on William Paley's Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy ( 1785 ), an influential work studied at both Cambridge and Oxford Universities, arguing morality as a categorical imperative against Paley's utilitarian standpoint.

Because of his famous banking activities, his life was documented in a 1988 movie on television titled Camillo Castiglioni oder die Moral der Haifische ( in English: Camillo Castiglioni, or the morality of sharks ), directed by Peter Patzak.

Moral naturalists prefer to define " morality " in terms of observables, some even appealing to a science of morality.

The " Moral Foundations Theory " of psychologist Jonathan Haidt examines the way morality varies between cultures and identifies five fundamental moral values shared to a greater or lesser degree by different societies and individuals.