In this position he built a working framework for containment, first formulated by George Kennan, who served as the head of Acheson's Policy Planning Staff.

Other famous scholars who have worked at the institute include Alan Turing, Paul Dirac, Edward Witten, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Freeman Dyson, Julian Bigelow, Erwin Panofsky, Homer A. Thompson, George Kennan, Hermann Weyl, Stephen Smale, Atle Selberg, Noam Chomsky, Clifford Geertz, Paul Erdős, Michael Atiyah, Erich Auerbach, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Michael Walzer, Andrew Wiles, Stephen Wolfram, and Eric Maskin.

Holbrooke's unfulfilled ambition was to become Secretary of State ; he along with George Kennan and Chip Bohlen, were considered among the most influential U. S. diplomats who never achieved cabinet rank.

In doing so, he would follow in the footsteps of his grandfather's younger cousin, George Kennan ( explorer ), who had been a leading 19th-century expert on Imperial Russia and author of Siberia and the Exile System, a well-received 1891 account of the Czarist prison system.

Kennan found himself in strong disagreement with Joseph E. Davies, Bullitt's successor as ambassador to the Soviet Union, who was indifferent to the Great Purge and other aspects of Stalin's rule.

" My thoughts about containment " said Kennan in a 1996 interview to CNN, " were of course distorted by the people who understood it and pursued it exclusively as a military concept ; and I think that that, as much as any other cause, led to 40 years of unnecessary, fearfully expensive and disoriented process of the Cold War.

The " X " article meant sudden fame for Kennan, who became the father of the government's containment doctrine overnight, leading him to write in his memoirs, " My official loneliness came in fact to an end .... My reputation was made.

During the Korean War ( which began when North Korea invaded South Korea in June 1950 ), when rumors started circulating in the State Department that plans were being made to advance beyond the 38th parallel into North Korea, a move that Kennan considered highly dangerous, he engaged in intense arguments with Assistant Secretary of State for the Far East Dean Rusk, who apparently supported Acheson's goal to forcibly unite the Koreas.

Kennan lost influence with Acheson, who in any case relied much less on his staff than Marshall had.

Acheson replaced Kennan with Nitze in January 1950, who was far more comfortable with the calculus of military power.

W. Averell Harriman, the U. S. ambassador in Moscow when Kennan was deputy between 1944 and 1946, remarked that Kennan was " a man who understood Russia but not the United States.

In an obituary in The New York Times, Kennan was described as " the American diplomat who did more than any other envoy of his generation to shape United States policy during the cold war " to whom " the White House and the Pentagon turned when they sought to understand the Soviet Union after World War II.

The journalist Nicholas Thompson, who wrote a biography of Nitze and George F. Kennan, is his grandson.

In contrast to general opinion, George F. Kennan, who is taken to be the founder of this ideology in the famous Long Telegram, asserted that his ideas had been misinterpreted and that he never advocated military intervention, merely economic support.

David Adeang's father is Kennan Adeang, who served three times as President of Nauru.

" Other contributors, who were generally paid nothing or only a modest fee, included James Baldwin, Daniel Bell, Willy Brandt, David Dallin, Milovan Djilas, Theodore Draper, Max Eastman, Ralph Ellison, Hubert Humphrey, George F. Kennan, Murray Kempton, Hans Morgenthau, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Albert Murray, Ralph de Toledano, Reinhold Niebuhr, George Orwell, Bertrand Russell, Bayard Rustin, and Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr ..

Kennan was being pursued by Indians and admonished Madison to run, but Madison, who was already known to be of frail constitution, stood to reveal that he had been badly wounded and was bleeding profusely.

The Institute has been the workplace of some of the most renowned thinkers in the world, including Albert Einstein, Paul Dirac, Kurt Gödel, Clifford Geertz, T. D. Lee and C. N. Yang, J. Robert Oppenheimer, John von Neumann, Freeman J. Dyson, Hassler Whitney, André Weil, Hermann Weyl, Harish-Chandra, Joan W. Scott, Frank Wilczek, Edward Witten, Albert O. Hirschman, Nima Arkani-Hamed, George F. Kennan, and Yve-Alain Bois.

The Sandwich Board of Selectmen has five members: Linell Grundman, John Kennan ( Vice-Chair ), Frank Panorffi ( Chairman ), Ralph Vitacco and James Pierce.

Location of Kennan ( town ), WisconsinAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 70. 0 square miles ( 181. 2 km² ), of which, 69. 9 square miles ( 181. 1 km² ) of it is land and 0. 1 square miles ( 0. 1 km² ) of it ( 0. 07 %) is water.

Kennan has insisted that the U. S. public can only be united behind a foreign policy goal on the " primitive level of slogans and jingoistic ideological inspiration.

In the social sciences and science Norton has published best-selling books by such authors as Mary Roach, economists Paul Krugman and Joseph Stiglitz, paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould, physicist Richard Feynman, and historians Peter Gay, Jonathan Spence, Eric Foner, Christopher Lasch, and George F. Kennan.

Kennan described dealing with Soviet Communism as “ undoubtedly greatest task our diplomacy has ever faced and probably greatest it will ever have to face ”.

The article proved to be the public face of American foreign policy in the Cold War — even though Kennan himself has noted that he felt that he was misunderstood — in the statement that the “ United States policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies .”

Though in French it originally denoted a barrier implemented to stop the spread of disease, it has often been used in English in a metaphorical sense to refer to attempts to prevent the spread of an ideology deemed unwanted or dangerous, such as the containment policy adopted by George F. Kennan against the Soviet Union.

He has held various academic posts at Harvard and Columbia universities, the Sorbonne, the London School of Economics, Helsinki University, the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies in Washington D. C., and the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies at Tel Aviv University.

He has held visiting fellowships at the Kennan Institute, Washington DC and Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge.

Attorney General and Minister for Corrections Jim Kennan immediately ordered the closure of the Jika Jika maximum security section of Pentridge Prison thereafter saying: " The level of deaths in Jika Jika has become unacceptable ".

Kennan quickly retrieved an abandoned horse he had seen ; he helped Madison astride the horse, and they escaped.

He is best known for writing the Brennen Siding Trilogy, three connected novels set in the fictional community of Brennen Siding, New Brunswick ( loosely based on Kennan Siding, New Brunswick ).

He is also the official biographer of the seminal 20th century statesman George F. Kennan, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography in 2012.

In 1950, Kennan left the Department of State, except for two brief ambassadorial stints in Moscow and Yugoslavia and became a leading realist critic of U. S. foreign policy.

In 1928, Kennan considered leaving the Foreign Service to go back to school when he was selected for a linguist training program that would give him three years of graduate level study without having to leave the service.

Meanwhile, Kennan closely followed Stalin's Great Purge, which would profoundly affect his outlook on the internal dynamics of the Soviet regime for the rest of his life.

Kennan carried no sway over Davies's decisions, and the ambassador even suggested that Kennan be transferred out of Moscow for " his health.

Kennan tried repeatedly to persuade policymakers to abandon plans for cooperation with the Soviet Union in favor of a sphere of influence approach in Europe to reduce the Soviets ' power there.

Forrestal helped bring him back to Washington, where Kennan served as the first deputy for foreign affairs at the National War College and then strongly influenced his decision to publish the " X " article.

Kennan had not intended the " X " article as a prescription for policy.

Although Kennan regarded the Soviet Union as too weak to risk war, he nonetheless considered it an enemy capable of expanding into Western Europe through subversion, given the popular support for Moscow-controlled Communist parties in Western Europe, which remained demoralized by the devastation of the Second World War.

Kennan and Charles Bohlen another State Department expert on Russia, fought over the wording of NSC-68, which emerged as the blueprint for waging the Cold War.

Kennan rejected the idea that Stalin had a grand design for world conquest implicit in Nitze's report and argued that he actually feared overextending Russian power.

Afterwards, Kennan accepted an appointment as Visitor to the Institute for Advanced Study from fellow moderate Robert Oppenheimer, Director of the Institute.

At the time, Soviet propaganda charged the U. S. with preparing for war, which Kennan did not wholly dismiss.

Kennan acknowledged in retrospect that it was a " foolish thing for me to have said.

Although Kennan had not been considered for a position by Kennedy's inner circle of advisers, the president himself offered Kennan the choice of ambassadorship in either Poland or Yugoslavia.

According to historian David Mayers, Kennan argued that Tito's perceived pro-Soviet position was in fact a ploy to " buttress Khrushchev's position within the Politburo against hardliners opposed to improving relations with the West and against China, which was pushing for a major Soviet – U. S. showdown.