Bayezid ascended to the throne following the death of his father Murad I, who was killed by Serbian knight Miloš Obilić during ( June 15 ), or immediately after ( June 16 ), the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, by which Serbia became a vassal of the Ottoman Empire.

The region around Mazar-e-Sharif has been historically part of Greater Khorasan and was controlled by the Tahirids followed by the Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Ilkhanates, Timurids, and Khanate of Bukhara until the mid-18th century when it became part of the Durrani Empire after an agreement was signed between Amir Murad Beg and Amir Ahmad Shah Durrani.

The city and region became part of the Afghan Durrani Empire in around 1750 when after an agreement was signed between Mir Muhammad Murad Beg and Ahmad Shah Durrani Poplezai, the founding father of Afghanistan.

In 1545, at Konya, he married Nurbanu Sultan, originally named Cecilia Venier-Baffo, a Venetian noblewoman, and mother of Murad III, who later became the first Valide Sultan who acted as co-regent with the sultan in the Sultanate of Women.

After a friendship treaty in 1750 between Ahmad Shah Durrani of Afghanistan and Mohammad Murad Beg of Bukhara, the Amu Darya ( Oxus River ) became the official border of Afghanistan.

Following its capture by the Ottoman Sultan Murad I in 1365, Edirne served as the capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1365 to 1453 ; until the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople ( Istanbul ) which became the empire's new capital.

Despite the concurrent loss of most Bulgarian Thracian holdings to Murad, Ivan Aleksandur became fixated on the Hungarians in Vidin.

When Mehmed died in 1421, one of his sons, Murad, became sultan.

In 1574, Murad III became the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

When he was murdered in 1834, by a band which included Hadji Murad, Shamil became the third imam.

Murad I was assassinated at the end of this battle and Yildirim Beyazid I became the new Sultan.

The songs became extremely popular among the youth and the 28 year old hero, Waheed Murad, became a new style icon.

The dynamic duo of Waheed Murad and Ahmed Rushdi became a trend setter for all times to come.

However, it never became a formal title within the ruler's formal style, unlike Sultan ul-Mujahidin, used by Sultan Murad Khan II Khoja-Ghazi, 6th Sovereign of the House of Osman ( 1421 – 1451 ), styled ' Abu ' l Hayrat, Sultan ul-Mujahidin, Khan of Khans, Grand Sultan of Anatolia and Rumelia, and of the Cities of Adrianople and Philippolis.

Nurbanu became the most favored consort of Ottoman Sultan Selim II, who was put on the throne in 1566, and the mother of Ottoman Sultan Murad III.

Venetian records claims that Nûr-Banû became the Valide Sultan to her son Murad III managed the government together with the Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmet Pasha, who acted as co-regent with the sultan in the Sultanate of Women.

Moreover, it has been said that Nûr-Banû was related to Giorgio Baffo, as well as to Safiye Sultan, who was born Sofia Baffo, married to Nûr-Banû's son Murad III, and consequently became the next Valide Sultan of the Ottoman Empire when her son Mehmed III acceded to the throne.

* Kösem Sultan-( 1581 – 1651 ) also known as Mehpeyker Sultan was the most powerful woman in Ottoman history, consort and favourite concubine of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I ( r. 1603-1617 ), she became Valide Sultan from 1623 – 1651, when her sons Murad IV and Ibrahim I and her grandson Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 1687 ) reigned as Ottoman sultans ; she was the daughter of a priest from the island of Tinos-her maiden name was Anastasia

Sultan Murad ΙΙΙ ( 1574 – 1595 ) appears to have granted extra privileges to the chief miners and the town prospered and soon became a centre of Hellenism.

He was married twice, to Valide Sultan Mahfiruze Hatice Sultan, originally named Maria, a Greek, mother of Osman II, and to Valide Sultan Kadinefendi Kösem Sultan or Mahpeyker, originally named Anastasia, a Greek, mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I.

He married with Mahpeyker and had five children from her: Murad IV, Ibrahim I, Ayşe Sultan, Shahzade Suleiman and Shahzade Kasim.

When Sultan Murad V began to show signs of paranoia, madness and continuous fainting and vomiting even on the day of his coronation and threw himself into a pool yelling at his guards to protect his life, they were afraid the public would become outraged and revolt to bring the former Sultan back.

He was the son of Murad I and Valide Sultan Gülçiçek Hatun.

Numerous envoys were dispatched in both directions and epistolar exchanges occurred between Elizabeth and Sultan Murad III.

* 1612 – Murad IV, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1640 )

He even wrote a letter to the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV, Jahangir's ambition however did not materialize due to his death in 1627.

The flight was said to be undertaken at the time of the birth of Sultan Murad IV's daughter.

# Valide Sultan Emine Hatun, daughter of Suleyman Bey, ruler of Dulkadirids, third consort, which marriage served as an alliance between the Ottoman's and this buffer state, mother of Murad II

Murad III ( Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثالث Murād-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >, Turkish: III. Murat ) < span dir =" ltr ">( 4 July 1546 – 15 / 16 January 1595 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death.

Numerous envoys and letters were exchanged between Elizabeth I and Sultan Murad III.

Kösem Sultan ( 1589 – 1651 ) the mother of Murad IV who exercised a decisive influence on the sultan's decisions during his youth.

Murad IV Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: مراد رابع Murād-i rābi ‘) < span dir =" ltr ">( July 26 / 27, 1612 – February 9, 1640 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods.

Murad IV was born in Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I ( 1603 – 17 ) and the ethnic Greek Valide Sultan Kösem Sultan ( also known as Mahpeyker ), originally named Anastasia.

Murad IV was for a long time under the control of his relatives and during his early years as Sultan, his mother, Kösem Sultan, essentially ruled through him.

He even wrote a letter to the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV, Jahangir's ambition however did not materialize due to his death in 1627.

Murad IV was the last Warrior Sultan who led campaigns in front of his army and fought on the battlefield.

Sultan Murad IV put emphasis on architecture and in his period many monuments were erected.

There are different accounts from different sources about when and how Murad I was assassinated.

* In William Shakespeare's history play Henry IV, Part 2, Prince Harry refers to Murad as " Amurath " in Act V Scene 2 when he succeeds his father, King Henry IV, in 1413:

Murad II ( Murat ), when called from his vice-royalty in Asia Minor to become the sovereign of the Ottoman Empire, was only eighteen years of age.

In 1371, he recognized the suzerainty of the Ottoman sultan Murad I. Murad later assisted him against his son Andronikos when the latter deposed him in 1376.

The chief sovereign of the Ottoman Empire only came to be called sultan starting in 1383 when Murad I was granted this title by the shadow caliph in Cairo.

Finally, when the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV was about to set out for the Persian War, the Patriarch was accused of a design to stir up the Cossacks, and to avoid trouble during his absence the Sultan had him killed by the Janissaries on June 27, 1638 aboard a ship in the Bosporus.

Although he was associated as co-emperor by his father since the early 1350s, Andronikos IV rebelled when the Ottoman sultan Murad I forced John V into vassalage in 1373.

Initially, the story told by Philippine authorities was that the fire was started when Abdul Hakim Murad started a chemical fire in the kitchen sink in Suite 603 in the 6th floor of the Doña Josefa apartment by pouring water on a substance.

According to journalists Marites Vitug and Glenda Gloria, authors of the book Under the Crescent Moon, agents hit Murad with a chair and club of wood when he did not talk.

Obilic created his order with twelve other knights and the society had a single purpose at its center: The assassination of the Ottoman Sultan, Murad I. Milos Obilic achieved the aim of his organization during the disastrous battle of Kosovo Polje ( June 15th, 1389 ), when he was able to force himself into Murad ’ s tent and stab the Sultan to death.

The Bulgarians and Serbs enjoyed a brief respite during the 1370s and into the 1380s when matters in Anatolia and increased meddling in Byzantium's political affairs kept Murad preoccupied.

The Codex disappeared, then re-emerged in 1958, when it was smuggled into Israel by Syrian Jew Murad Faham, and presented to the president of the state, Itzhak Ben-Zvi.

Murad Qureshi was born in Stockport, Cheshire, but he was brought up in Westminster, London, when his parents moved in July 1965.

Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur succeeded Mir Ali Murad and built a fort when declared the ruler of the state.

The region came under Serbian rule in 1348 and the Despotate of Epirus was reformed and was under Latin rule by Carlo II Tocco when Ioannina and Zagori fell to the Turks in 1430, at the time of Sultan Murad II.

On June 1444 the Hungarian King signed a peace treaty ( Peace of Szeged ) with the Turkish sultan Murad II that would last for 10 years, but seeing this as a mistake and considering the moment and the circumstances appropriated for a new war, Cesarini insisted that the Hungarian King Władysław should break the treaty, and so it happened in September of the same year, when they all marched to the Balcans in a new campaign.

Period of relative peace ended in 1438 when Ottoman army, headed by the sultan Murad II himself, attacked and sacked Serbia.