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Muslim and pirates
* Starting in this year and ending in 1275, the Muslim Shougeng Pu serves as the Commissioner of Merchant Shipping for the Song Dynasty Chinese seaport at Quanzhou due to his effort on defeating pirates, according to a monograph on the Chinese shipping industry and maritime economy in dynasties of Tang and Sung written by Jitsuzo Kuwabara ( 桑原騭藏, 1870-1931 ).
Yet the situation was soon stabilised ; by 1035, on the eastern frontier, Arab pirates who had been raiding were either captured or killed, the Byzantines had taken the Muslim fortress of Perkri, while the important fortress of Edessa was relieved after a prolonged siege, and eventually ceded back to the empire in 1037.
The Spanish peninsular Muslims were suspected of connivance with Northern African Muslim pirates.
Commodities traded included such goods as salt, gold, ivory, and slaves, who were taken from both the Sahel and Sub-Saharan regions, as well as southern Europeans enslaved by Muslim pirates and raiders.
The city went through raids by Dutch and Muslim pirates before the arrival of the Spanish and was the sight of a much bloody battle during the Philippine-American War and World War II.
The coastal towns around Via Aurelia were areas subjected to women kidnapping and plunder made by Muslim Saracen pirates.
Muslim sources insist that it was these persistent activities along increasingly important Indian trade routes by Debal pirates and others which forced the Arabs to subjugate the area, in order to control the seaports and maritime routes of which Sindh was the nucleus, as well as, the overland passage.
While such raids had occurred since soon after the Muslim conquest of the region, the terms Barbary pirates and Barbary corsairs are normally applied to the raiders active from the 16th century onwards, when the frequency and range of the slavers ' attacks increased and Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli came under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire, either as directly administered provinces or as autonomous dependencies known as the Barbary States.
Rescue operas were popular at the time, since Muslim pirates were preying on Mediterranean shipping, particularly to obtain slaves for various purposes.
One reason could be due to the economic and political disasters prehispanic Muslim pirates from the Mindanao region bring during raids.
From there, he accompanied John de Vaga ’ s fleet on a successful raid of Tripoli, which had been a base for Muslim pirates and was still in Africa on October 5, 1550 when he was called to Rome.
In Trickster Travels ( 2006 ), she describes how the early 16th-century North African Muslim " Leo Africanus " ( Hasan al-Wazzan ) managed to live as a Christian in Italy after he was kidnapped by Christian pirates and also sees his writings as an example ofthe possibility of communication and curiosity in a world divided by violence .” Her book ( in-process ), Braided Histories on 18th-century Suriname studies networks of communication and association among families, both slave and free, on the plantations of Christian and Jewish settlers.
Muslim conquest of the Indian subcontinent began during the early 8th century, when the Umayyad governor of Damascus, Hajjaj responded to a casus belli provided by the kidnapping of Muslim women and treasures by pirates off the coast of Debal, by mobilizing an expedition of 6, 000 cavalry under Muhammad bin-Qasim in 712 CE.
However, Muslim pirates and bandits from Mindanao often pestered the town.
In the early days when Christians and Muslims were constantly at odds, Muslim pirates would come in from the southern seas to raid the town.
The friendship of these two officers had been tested in many a battle against Muslim pirates in Mindanao.
In 1881, due to continuous intimidation from Muslim pirates, as well as the rugged terrain, the residents of La Lauan led by a certain Gaspar Guevarra transferred to its present site and established a new barrio named Alcantara, after Don Ciriaco Alcantara.
They discovered the place some 10 kilometers southwest after repulsing and chasing a convoy of Muslim pirates that attacked Odiongan.
However, the settlement founded by these Bantoanons were destroyed and pillaged by Muslim pirates.
Around 1635, the first Spanish settlement built in the area was a " cotta " or fort in Payong-payong Hill which protected the community from Muslim pirates and still stands today.
Furthermore, he Cretan corsairs ' raids reached such intensity, that by the end of Leo's reign, most of the southern Aegean islands were either abandoned or forced to accept Muslim control and pay tribute to the pirates.
Sablayan then was often subject to raids by Muslim pirates and slave traders so a wooden tower was built -- watched round the clock to guard against approaching raiders.
Historical records show that this site was selected by the town ’ s founders in 1766 because its lofty elevation provided them with good look out points for the marauding vintas of Muslim pirates who were then threatening the safety of the natives.

Muslim and Algiers
* O. Depont and X. Coppolani, " Les confreries religieuses musulmans " ( the Muslim brotherhoods as they existed then ), Algiers, 1897
He managed to sketch some women secretly in Algiers, as in the painting Women of Algiers in their Apartment ( 1834 ), but generally he encountered difficulty in finding Muslim women to pose for him because of Muslim rules requiring that women be covered.
Representatives of these groups and members of the Algerian Communist Party ( Parti Communiste Algérien, PCA ) met in Algiers in 1936 at the first Algerian Muslim Congress.
His fighting and the testimony of Yussuf, the nephew of Asad-ed-Din, Basha of Algiers, establishes Oliver as an honorary member of Muslim society, and he eventually makes himself a name as the corsair Sakr-el-Bahr, the Hawk of the Sea.
For three centuries up to the time of the Treaty, the Mediterranean Sea lanes had been preyed on by the North African Muslim states of the Barbary Coast ( Tripoli, Algiers, Morocco and Tunis ) through privateering ( government-sanctioned piracy ).
Bacon proposed a derivation from Casbah, a Muslim quarter around the citadel in Algiers.
However, the large number of Muslim mercenaries require payment, which is to come from a Muslim state on the confines of Morocco, travelling by way of Algiers.
Located on the Barbary Coast ( Salé, Algiers and Tunis ), those pirate bases were havens for Muslim Corsairs from the 16th to the 18th century.
On January 28, 2009, a news story broke about a CIA station chief in Algiers, Algeria who was under investigation by DSS for having allegedly raped two Muslim women.
On January 28, 2009, a news story broke about a CIA station chief Andrew Warren in Algiers, Algeria who was under investigation by DSS for having allegedly raped two Muslim women.
He served as High Commissioner for the Navy in the provisional governments at Algiers and Paris, Minister of State for Muslim Affairs ( 1945 ), Minister of Marine ( Navy ) ( 1947 ), Minister of Veterans and War Victims ( 1949 ), Minister of Overseas France ( 1951-52 and 1953-54 ).
He then moved to Algiers, where he was involved with the Muslim Scholars ' Society.
I don ’ t know where complains that my lines are offensive to the Sublime Porte, Persia, part of the peninsula of India, all of Egypt, the kingdoms of Barca, Tripoli, Tunisia, Algiers and Morocco: and there's my comedy roasted to please Muslim princes, none of whom, I believe, can read, and who bruise our scapulas while calling us “ Christian dogs ”!— Unable to debase my spirit, they avenge themselves by abusing it .— My cheeks hollowed ; my time seemed to be up.
He was an Arabist, with a Muslim wife, who set up the National Library in Algiers.

Muslim and Morocco
In Morocco, where king Mohammed VI is also Amir al-Muminin ( Commander of the Faithful ), the authorities have tried to organize the field by creating a scholars ' council ( conseil des oulémas ) composed of Muslim scholars ( ulama ), which is the only one allowed to issue fatāwā.
After his departure from al-Andalus he decided to travel through Morocco, one of the few parts of the Muslim world that he had never explored.
Despite the formal disapproval of religious authority, the segregation of women in Muslim societies and the strong emphasis on male virility leads adolescent males and unmarried young men to seek sexual outlets with boys younger than themselves — in one study in Morocco, with boys in the age-range 7 to 13.
Under the Almoravid dynasty and the Almohad dynasty, Morocco dominated the Maghreb and Muslim Spain.
* 788: Birth of the fist Muslim Independent Dynasty of Morocco
This is important for US interests because Morocco is a stable, democratizing, and liberalizing Arab Muslim nation.
Nasreddin was the main character in a magazine, called simply Molla Nasraddin, published in Azerbaijan and " read across the Muslim world from Morocco to Iran ".
Her medal also meant the breakthrough for sporting women in Morocco and other mostly Muslim countries.
Muslim states with blended sources of law: Muslim countries including Pakistan, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Egypt, Sudan and Morocco have legal systems strongly influenced by sharia, but also cede ultimate authority to their constitutions and the rule of law.
* The Muslim Kingdom of Nekor is founded in Morocco.
The Government of Kuwait, Libya and Morocco promised to support the film financially, but when it was rejected by the Muslim World League, Kuwait withdrew it financial support.
: Algeria ; Chad ( 1960 – 1972 ); Comoros ; Djibouti ; Guinea ( 1959 – 1967 ); Libya ; Mali ( 1960 – 1973 ); Morocco ( 1994 – 2000 ); Mauritania ( 2000 – 2009 ); Niger ( 1960 – 1973, 1996 – 2002 ); Somalia ; Sudan ; and Tunisia ( 1996 – 2000 ), all of which have a Muslim majority.
In the 1066 Granada massacre, the first large pogrom on European soil, a Muslim mob crucified the Jewish vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela and massacred about 4, 000 Jews In 1033 about 6, 000 Jews were killed in Fez, Morocco by Muslim mobs.
AJC has traveled extensively in the Muslim world-from Morocco to Mauritania, through the Middle East and the Gulf states, to Indonesia.
Some Muslim nations, such as Turkey, are secular democracies, and ( Morocco ) is a constitutional monarchy.
Evidence of the strength of the belief that a non-Muslim power ( the United States ) is at least attempting to weaken, if not annihilate, Islam can be found in opinion polls that showed as of late 2006 / early 2007, strong majorities — at least 70 % — in the Muslim countries of Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan, and Indonesia, answering " yes " to the pollsters ' question: do you believe the United States seeks to “ weaken and divide the Islamic world ?”
Beginning in 1090 the situation deteriorated further with the invasion of the Almoravids, a puritan Muslim sect from Morocco.
He was the first Muslim general to take Tangiers and occupy it ; his troops also conquered the Sous, effectively taking control of all of modern Morocco.
Red has considerable historic significance in Morocco, proclaiming the descent of the royal Alaouite family from the Prophet Muhammad via Fatima, the wife of Ali, the fourth Muslim Caliph.
; U. S. support for " apostate " police states in Muslim nations such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Pakistan, Algeria, Morocco, and Kuwait ; U. S. support for the creation of an independent East Timor from territory previously held by Muslim Indonesia ; perceived U. S. approval or support of actions against Muslim insurgents in India, the Philippines, Chechnya, and Palestine ; U. S. troops on Muslim ' holy ground ' in Saudi Arabia ; the Western world's religious discrimination against Muslim immigrants '; historical justification, such as the Crusades.

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