The NTSC and PAL standards are the most commonly used, although there are other video standards that employ different subcarrier frequencies.

Most countries using the NTSC standard, as well as those using other analog television standards, are switching to newer digital television standards, of which at least four different ones are in use around the world.

After nearly 70 years of use, the vast majority of over-the-air NTSC transmissions in the United States were turned off on June 12, 2009 and August 31, 2011 in Canada and most other NTSC markets.

The NTSC standard has been adopted by other countries, including most of the Americas and Japan.

In the case of modern television receivers, no other technique was able to produce the precise bandpass characteristic needed for vestigial sideband reception, similar to that used in the NTSC system approved by the U. S. Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) in 1953, and the PAL system approved by the BBC in 1957.

RF modulators may also be used to take the audio and video signal from a PAL or NTSC composite video, RGB, YUV or other composite AV source, and generate a broadcast RF signal that can be fed into a television's aerial / coaxial connector.

Early versions of NTSC rapidly alternated between particular colors in identical image areas to make them appear adding up to each other to the human eye, while all modern analogue and even most digital video standards use chroma subsampling by recording a picture's color information at only half the resolution compared to the brightness information.

Furthermore, NTSC and PAL encoded color signals in a manner that causes high bandwidth chroma and luma signals to mix with each other in a bid to maintain backward compatibility with black and white television equipment, which results in dot crawl and cross color artifacts.

While NTSC and most other analog television systems also use a vestigial sideband technique, the unwanted sideband is filtered much more effectively in ATSC 8VSB transmissions.

When used for connecting a video source to a video display that supports both 4: 3 and 16: 9 display formats, the PAL and NTSC television standards provide for signalling pulses that will automatically switch the display from one format to the other.

In contrast to most other countries in the Americas, which had adopted NTSC, Brazil began broadcasting in color in PAL-M. Its first transmission was on February 19, 1972.

A frame rate of 30 frame / s is often used for audio in America, Japan, and other countries which rely on a 60 Hz mains frequency and use the NTSC television standard.

SMPTE bars — and several other test cards — include analog black ( a flat waveform at 7. 5 IRE, or the NTSC setup level ), full white ( 100IRE ), and a " sub-black ", or " blacker-than-black " ( at 0 IRE ), which represents the lowest low-frequency transmission voltage permissible in NTSC broadcasts ( though the negative excursions of the colourburst signal may go below 0 IRE ).

NTSC video ( common in North America and Japan ) plays at 29. 97 frame / s ; PAL ( common in most other countries ) plays at 25 frame / s.

Like D-1, D-2 video is uncompressed ; however, it saves bandwidth and other costs by sampling a fully encoded NTSC or PAL composite video signal, and storing it directly to magnetic tape, rather than sampling component video.

Virtual channels allow channel numbers to be remapped from their physical RF channel to any other number 1 to 99, so that ATSC stations can either be associated with the related NTSC channel numbers, or all stations on a network can use the same number.

Some of the changes were in the NTSC region's Player's Choice re-release, along with more changes not in other releases.

The original USA 1983 game used a single side NTSC laserdisc player manufactured by Pioneer ; the other side of the disc was metal backed to prevent bending.

Some forms of NTSC now use the YUV color space, which is also used by other systems such as PAL.

There are two common workflows for processing 24p material using video equipment, one using PAL frame rates, and the other using NTSC frame rates.

The definitions of the R ', G ', and B ' signals also differ between BT. 709 and BT. 601, and differ within BT. 601 depending on the type of TV system in use ( 625-line as in PAL and SECAM or 525-line as in NTSC ), and differ further in other specifications.

Broadcasters using analog television systems encode their signal using NTSC, PAL or SECAM analog encoding and then use RF modulation to modulate this signal onto a Very high frequency ( VHF ) or Ultra high frequency ( UHF ) carrier.

For this reason many people refer to any 625 / 25 type signal as " PAL " and to any 525 / 30 signal as " NTSC ", even when referring to digital signals, for example, on DVD-Video which don't contain any analog color encoding, thus no PAL or NTSC signals at all.

NTSC, named for the National Television System Committee, is the analog television system that is used in most of North America, parts of South America ( except Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and French Guiana ), Myanmar, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, and some Pacific island nations and territories ( see map ).

Digital broadcasting permits higher-resolution television, but digital standard definition television in these countries continues to use the frame rate and number of lines of resolution established by the analog NTSC standard ; systems using the NTSC framerate and resolution ( such as DVDs ) are still referred to informally as " NTSC ".

Most U. S. NTSC broadcasters were required by the FCC to shut down their analog transmitters in 2009.

Digital SDTV in 4: 3 aspect ratio has the same appearance as regular analog TV ( NTSC, PAL, SECAM ) without the ghosting, snowy images and white noise.

Unlike PAL or NTSC, analog SECAM television cannot easily be edited in its native analog form.

Because it uses frequency modulation, SECAM is not linear with respect to the input image ( this is also what protects it against signal distortion ), so electrically mixing two ( synchronized ) SECAM signals does not yield a valid SECAM signal, unlike with analog PAL or NTSC.

For example, in North America, " channel 2 " refers to the broadcast or cable band of 54 to 60 MHz, with carrier frequencies of 55. 25 MHz for NTSC analog video ( VSB ) and 59. 75 MHz for analog audio ( FM ), or 55. 31 MHz for digital ATSC ( 8VSB ).

This is approximately half the resolution of an analog VHS tape which is ~ 330 horizontal and 480 vertical ( NTSC ) or 330x576 ( PAL ).

For NTSC, LP and EP / SLP doubles and triples the recording time accordingly, but these speed reductions cause a slight reduction in video quality-from the normal 250 lines in SP, to 230 analog lines horizontal.

The horizontal resolution is 170 lines per scanline, and the vertical resolution ( the number of scanlines ) is the same as the respective analog TV standard ( 576 for PAL or 486 for NTSC ; usually, somewhat fewer lines are actually visible due to overscan ).

Telecommunications in Cuba consists mainly of NTSC analog television, analog radio, telephony, AMPS, D-AMPS, and GSM mobile telephony, and the Internet.

) The Y ' IQ color space used in the analog NTSC television broadcasting system is related to it, although in a more complex way.

However, true I and Q demodulation was relatively more complex, requiring two analog delay lines, and NTSC receivers rarely used it.

The Amiga chipset can genlock: adjust its own screen refresh timing to match an NTSC or PAL video signal.

Depending on the video standard, the chrominance subcarrier may be either quadrature-amplitude-modulated ( NTSC and PAL ) or frequency-modulated ( SECAM ).

In the PAL system, the color subcarrier is 4. 43 MHz above the video carrier, while in the NTSC system it is 3. 58 MHz above the video carrier.

Chrominance is represented by the U-V color plane in PAL and SECAM video signals, and by the I-Q color plane in NTSC.

Some models were manufactured with NTSC video for the US market.

For video, there are two frame rate standards: NTSC, which shoot at 30 / 1. 001 ( about 29. 97 ) frames per second or 59. 94 fields per second, and PAL, 25 frames per second or 50 fields per second.

ECS also allows software switching between NTSC and PAL video modes.

* 29. 97 frame / s ( drop-frame timecode for NTSC video )

* 30 frame / s ( non-drop timecode for NTSC video )

NTSC baseband video signals are also still often used in video playback ( typically of recordings from existing libraries using existing equipment ) and in CCTV and surveillance video systems.

NTSC color encoding is used with the system M television signal, which consists of 29. 97 interlaced frames of video per second.

The support of overscan, interlacing and genlocking capabilities, and the fact that the display timing was very close to broadcast standards ( NTSC or PAL ), made the Amiga the first ideal computer for video purposes, and indeed, it was used in many studios for digitizing video data ( sometimes called frame-grabbing ), subtitling and interactive video news.

This method allows the maximum resolution of the image, since it uses all the available vertical video scan lines — which is especially important for NTSC televisions, having a rather low number of lines available.

Most TVs currently sold in SECAM countries support both SECAM and PAL, and more recently composite video NTSC as well ( though not usually broadcast NTSC, that is, they cannot accept a broadcast signal from an antenna ).