There are, however, numerous descendants of Napoleon's illegitimate, but recognized son Walewski from his union with Marie, Countess Walewski.

Napoleon's infant son, Napoleon II, was recognized by the Council of Peers, as Emperor from the moment of his father's abdication, and therefore reigned ( as opposed to ruled ) as Emperor for fifteen days, 22 June to 7 July 1815.

On 28 October 1836, Prince Louis-Napoleon, son of Napoleon's brother, Louis, King of Holland attempted to overthrow the July Monarchy in a coup d ' état.

The Allies had initially split on the best candidate for the throne: Britain favoured the Bourbons, the Austrians considered a regency for Napoleon's son, François Bonaparte, and the Russians were open to either the duc d ' Orléans, Louis Philippe, or Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Napoleon's former Marshal, who was in line for the Swedish throne.

When Napoléon Eugène, Prince Imperial, died in 1879, Prince Napoleon became the genealogically most senior member of the Bonaparte family, but the Prince Imperial's will excluded him from the succession, nominating Prince Napoleon's son Napoléon Victor Jérôme Frédéric Bonaparte as the new head of the family.

As a result Prince Napoleon and his son quarrelled for the remainder of Prince Napoleon's life.

He was seen by Bonapartists as the rightful Emperor of the French after the death of Napoleon's own son Napoleon II in 1832, although he did little to advance his claim.

Hortense cleverly disguised her pregnancy ( she was by then, in her sixth month ), during the baptism of Napoleon's son, Napoleon II when she was chosen to be one of the child's godmothers, an honour she shared with Madame Mère, mother of the Emperor.

# Princess Joséphine Maximiliane Eugénie Napoléonne de Beauharnais ( 1807 – 1876 ) became the Queen Consort to King Oscar I of Sweden, himself the son of Napoleon's old love, Désirée Clary.

Charles XIV's son, Oscar I of Sweden, married Josephine of Leuchtenberg, granddaughter of Napoleon's first wife, the Empress Josephine.

In 1809, one year after Murat's promotion from Grand Duke of Berg to King of Naples, Napoleon's young nephew, Prince Napoleon Louis Bonaparte ( 1804 – 1831, elder son of Napoleon's brother Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland ) became the Grand Duke of Berg ; French bureaucrats administered the territory in the name of the child.

Napoleon stays to study a map of Toulon while Fleuri's young son Marcellin ( Serge Freddy-Karl ) mimes with Napoleon's hat and sword.

Book I presents the ambitious son of a carpenter in the ( fictional ) Verrières village, in Franche-Comté, France, who would rather read and daydream about the glory days of Napoleon's long-disbanded army, than work his father ’ s timber business with his brothers, who beat him for his intellectual affectations.

In April 1811 Poniatowski went to Paris, where he represented the king of Saxony and duke of Warsaw Frederick Augustus I at the baptism ceremonies of Napoleon's son.

L ' Aiglon is a play in six acts by Edmond Rostand based on the life of Napoleon's son, Napoleon II of France, Duke of Reichstadt.

In 1840 when the expedition set sail for St. Helena to bring back Napoleon's body, he was too ill to go, but his son who had shared his captivity was able to go.

The Solutré site was discovered in 1866 by the French geologist and paleontologist Henry Testot-Ferry ( second son of Napoleon's famous cavalryman, General Claude Testot-Ferry, Baron of the Empire ).

He inherited the title of " Baron " as the son of Jan Dembowski ( Dębowski ), one of Napoleon's Polish generals.

He was born in Paris, the son of a distinguished surgeon in Napoleon's army, and is said to have had the Empress Joséphine for godmother.

In 1784, on a parcel adjacent to the gardens of the castle, Louis XVI had ordered the construction of the Hôtel du Gouvernement, which was restored during the reign of Napoléon I, and renamed Palais du Roi de Rome as the official Rambouillet residence of Napoleon's infant son.

Dantes is unaware that Villefort is an agent of the exiled Emperor and that the letter Napoleon handed him contained instructions and plans about Napoleon's planned return to Paris: however Dante's rivals including Geared De Villefort, the opportunistic son of Nortier ( who is a royalist ) use the letter to frame Dantes and have him imprisoned in the Chateau d ' If until he escapes after 14 years and seeks vengeance upon those who wronged him.

Napoleon I's death in exile on Saint Helena in 1821 only transferred the allegiance of many of these persons to other members of his family ; however, particularly after the death of Napoleon's son, the Duke of Reichstadt ( known to Bonapartists as Napoleon II ), there were several different members of the family on whom the Bonapartist hopes rested.

The Prussians were defeated at Ligny ( south of Mont-Saint-Jean and the village of Waterloo ) by an army led personally by Napoleon, but Napoleon's failure to destroy the Prussian forces led to his defeat a few days later at the Battle of Waterloo, when the Prussian forces unexpectedly arrived on his right flank late in the afternoon to support the Anglo-Dutch forces pressing his front.

On 26 February 1815, Napoleon abandoned Elba for France, reviving the French Empire for a Hundred Days ; the Allies declared an end to Napoleon's sovereignty over Elba on 25 March 1815, and on 31 March 1815 Elba was ceded to the restored Grand Duchy of Tuscany by the Congress of Vienna.

He is best known as the author of the widely popular History of Napoleon Bonaparte ( 1855 ), in which the various elements and episodes in Napoleon's career are described.

* Weider, Ben & Hapgood, David The Murder of Napoleon ( 1999 ) ISBN 1-58348-150-8 contains descriptions of the island and its inhabitants at the time of Napoleon's incarceration.

After Napoleon's decisive victory at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805, however, Napoleon became much more aggressive, and most American attempts to negotiate with him were unsuccessful.

Shortly after, it was annexed by Napoleon and in 1807 it became the capital of the short-lived Kingdom of Westphalia under Napoleon's brother Jérôme.

Napoleon III of France | Napoleon III and Otto von Bismarck | Bismarck talk after Napoleon's capture at the Battle of Sedan by Wilhelm Camphausen

After the fall of Napoleon, Napoleon's wife, Maria Louisa, was made Duchess of Parma.

Thanks to his older brother, Napoleon, Louis was given a commission in the French Military, and was promoted to Lieutenant in the 4th Artillery Regiment, and from there he was made Aide de Camp on Napoleon's staff.

After becoming the First Consul, Napoleon arranged for a marriage between Louis and Hortense de Beauharnais, the daughter of Empress Josephine, and hence Napoleon's stepdaughter.

Jean Valjean is born the same year as Napoleon Bonaparte, and his imprisonment equals the years of Napoleon's rise to power and the Napoleonic wars ( 1796-1815 ).

His court incurred comparable expenses to Napoleon's court ( which oversaw a vastly larger and more important realm ), and Napoleon refused to support Jérôme financially.

Napoleon III, known as " Louis-Napoléon " prior to becoming Emperor, was the nephew of Napoleon I by his brother Louis Bonaparte, who married Hortense de Beauharnais, the daughter by the first marriage of Napoleon's wife Joséphine de Beauharnais.

The numbering of Napoleon's reign treats Napoleon II, who never actually ruled, as a true Emperor ( he had been briefly recognized as emperor from 22 June to 7 July 1815 ).

Napoleon institutionalised plunder of conquered territories: French museums contain art stolen by Napoleon's forces from across Europe.

Widespread rumors of Napoleon's return from St. Helena and Napoleon as an inspiration for patriotism, individual and collective liberties, and political mobilization manifested themselves in seditious materials, notably displaying the tricolor and rosettes, and subversive activities celebrating anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign and disrupting royal celebrations, and demonstrated the prevailing and successful goal of the varied supporters of Napoleon to constantly destabilize the Bourbon regime.

She passed a message to Napoleon's private secretary, Claude François de Méneval, who was about to return to France: " I hope he will understand the misery of my position ...

The chapel was designed in 1816 by the French Neo-Classical architect Pierre François Léonard Fontaine, who, with his partner Charles Percier, figured among Napoleon's favourite architects.

# Joseph Bonaparte ( Corte 1768 – Florence 1844 ), King of Naples and Spain, married Julie Clary, sister of Napoleon's childhood sweetheart, Désirée, who was to become the wife of General Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, the later Charles XIV of Sweden.

Napoleon's foreign minister, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, once remarked: " Empire is the art of putting men in their place ".

Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother, was made King of Spain after Charles IV abdicated.

An expeditionary force under Napoleon's brother-in-law Charles Leclerc in January 1802, supplemented by 20, 000 troops over the next 21 months, had tried to re-conquer the territory and re-establish slavery.

In 1810 French Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, one of Napoleon's top generals, was elected Crown Prince Charles by the Riksdag.

Charles Minard's information graphic of Napoleon's march

Some innovations were included, upon request by Villèle: though Charles was hostile towards the 1814 Charter, commitment to the ' constitutional charter ' was affirmed, and four of Napoleon's generals were in attendance.

Joséphine had lovers, including a Hussar lieutenant, Hippolyte Charles, during Napoleon's Italian campaign.

Napoleon's return from Elba put these plans on hold, although Lawrence did make a visit to Paris, where his friend Lord Charles Stewart was ambassador, and saw the art that Napoleon had looted from Italy, including Raphael's Transfiguration, the painting he had reproduced for his silver-gilt palette as a boy.

She belonged to the Bernadotte dynasty, which had ruled in Sweden since 1818, when the founder, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, one of Napoleon's generals, was elected crown prince of Sweden in 1810 and later succeeded the throne as Charles XIV of Sweden in 1818.

On 23 August, at the Battle of Grossbeeren, south of Berlin, Crown Prince Charles of Sweden ( formerly French Marshal Bernadotte, Napoleon's own Marshal ) defeated his old comrade Marshal Oudinot.

* Rothenberg, Gunther E. Napoleon's Great Adversaries, The Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army, 1792 – 1814.

In the end however, Charles succeeded in avoiding a decisive defeat, preserving a combat-able army, which he directed north of the Danube, where he awaited Napoleon's next move.

Archduke Charles was by now well aware of Napoleon's intentions but remained fateful to his plan not to fight the battle on the flat Marchfeld plain, where the superior French cavalry would have given Napoleon a clear edge.

Still, the resolutely-led attack achieved Napoleon's main strategic goal, which was to pin down the Austrian forces in this sector, preventing Charles from reinforcing his battered left.

Notable artifacts include: Napoleon's Sèvres breakfast service, said to have been captured at the Battle of Waterloo ; Thomas Clarkson's chest, containing examples of 18th century African textiles, seeds and leatherwork which he used to illustrate his case for direct trade with Africa ; and the original manuscript of Charles Dickens ' Great Expectations.

Napoleon's troops, under the command of his brother-in-law, General Charles Emmanuel Leclerc, planned to seize control of the island by diplomatic means.

Charles Joseph Minard's 1861 diagram of French invasion of Russia | Napoleon's March-an early example of an information graphic.

* Charles Joseph Minard's 1861 diagram depicting Napoleon's Russian campaign of 1812

The Duke of Parma also usually held the title of Duke of Guastalla from 1735 ( when Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor took it from Mantua ) to 1847 ( when the territory was ceded to Modena ), again, except for the Napoleonic dukes, when Napoleon's sister Pauline was Duchess of Guastalla and of Varella.

Under his adoptive father, the reigning and yet powerless King Charles XIII of Sweden, the Crown Prince was effectively the regent of the country, and when Sweden sided with Napoleon's enemies, Bernadotte came to be seen as a traitor to his native France.

From 1811 on, in negotiation with Commissary-General John Charles Herries, he undertook to transfer money to pay Wellington's troops, on campaign in Portugal and Spain against Napoleon, and later to make subsidy payments to British allies when these organized new troops after Napoleon's disastrous Russian campaign.

The controversial scientific name of this species was given by Charles Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon's nephew and a republican idealist, who described the bird from a badly damaged trade specimen purchased by British ornithologist Edward Wilson.