In December 1851, the town was home to a movement of republican resistance towards Napoleon III's coup.

The era saw great industrialization, urbanization ( including the massive rebuilding of Paris by Baron Haussmann ) and economic growth, but Napoleon III's foreign policies were not so successful.

The French high command refused to purchase Krupp guns despite Napoleon III's support.

From later periods, highlights include Madame de Pompadour's Sèvres vase collection and Napoleon III's apartments.

After Napoleon III's 1851 coup and the subsequent establishment of the Second Empire, Marxism began to rival radical republicanism and utopian socialism as a force within left-wing politics.

Bismarck also worked to maintain the friendship of Russia and a working relationship with Napoleon III's France — the latter being anathema to his conservative friends the Gerlachs, but necessary both to threaten Austria and to prevent France allying herself to Russia.

During Napoleon I's reign, Veillons au Salut de l ' Empire was the unofficial anthem of the regime, and in Napoleon III's reign, it was Partant pour la Syrie.

In 1856, Napoleon III's Second French Empire sent Robert-Houdin there, hoping that he might perform tricks that were far more impressive, thereby dissolving the excitement of the rebels.

Armand-Octave-Marie d ’ Allonville | D ' Allonville's cavalry in Paris during Napoleon III's 1851 coup.

The coup was approved by the French people in a national referendum, the fairness and legality of which has been questioned by Napoleon III's detractors ever since.

In 1962, de Gaulle had the French citizens vote in a referendum concerning the election of the president at universal suffrage, something which had been discredited since Napoleon III's 1851 coup.

Napoleon III's army crossed the Ticino River and outflanked the Austrian right forcing the Austrian army under General Gyulay to retreat.

While the prison system was in use ( 1852 – 1953 ), inmates included political prisoners ( such as 239 republicans who opposed Napoleon III's coup d ' état in 1851 ) and the most hardened of thieves and murderers.

When, without royal approval, Palmerston recognized Napoleon III's coup of 2 December 1851, Palmerston was forced to resign.

Bars of aluminium were exhibited alongside the French crown jewels at the Exposition Universelle of 1855, and Napoleon III's most important guests were given aluminium cutlery, while those less worthy dined with mere silver.

The attempted assassination actually increased Napoleon III's popularity.

It is said that he aspired to the throne of Mexico, and that the French expedition sent to place Archduke Maximilian on the throne was prompted by Napoleon III's desire to thwart this ambition.

He remained a deputy in the legislative assemblies until Napoleon III's 1851 coup, which depressed and isolated him once more.

Napoleon III's French Empire holds an entente with the British and Napoleon is even married to a British woman.

He objected to the way in which the vast majority of French voters had backed Napoleon III, endorsing the way liberal values had been ignored in Napoleon III's coup.

It was purchased for Napoleon III's empress, Eugènie.

The armies are not well coordinated and separate, much to the joy of Napoleon, who prepares to place his army between them and defeat one followed by the other.

Like Napoleon, he was the worst of losers.

First was the period of codification of existing law: the Code Napoleon in France and the peculiar codification that, in fact, resulted from Austin's restatement and ordering of the Common Law in England.

Until the dissolution of Holy Roman Empire and mediatization of smaller imperial fiefs by Napoleon, the evangelical Abbess of Quedlinburg was also per officio the head of that reichsunmittelbar state.

In honor of his work, Volta was made a count by Napoleon in 1801.

In 1815 he was commissioned by the Pope to superintend the transmission from Paris of those works of art which had formerly been conveyed thither under the direction of Napoleon.

The statue, which is colossal and entitled Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker, was not finished till four years after.

It was commissioned in 1806 after the victory at Austerlitz by Emperor Napoleon at the peak of his fortunes.

He was soon at war with Russia, and his aid was eagerly solicited by both England and Napoleon, anxious to checkmate one another in the East.

Ostensibly Napoleon Bonaparte ( born as Nabulione Buonaparte ) was born at Ajaccio in the same year as the Battle of Ponte Novu, 1769.

After graduation and a brief sojourn at the Military School of Paris Napoleon applied for second-lieutenancy in the artillery regiment of La Fère at Valence and after a time was given the position.

After a brief return to his regiment Napoleon was promoted to First Lieutenant and came home again on leave in 1791.

Napoleon returned to Paris for review, was exonerated, promoted to Captain and given leave to escort his sister, a schoolgirl, back to Corsica at state expense.

Paoli was convicted in absentia, a warrant was sent for his arrest ( which could not be served ) and Napoleon was dispatched to Corsica as Inspector-general of Artillery to take the citadel of Ajaccio from the royalists, who had held it since 1789.

* The house in which Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769 is preserved as Casa Buonaparte, and his associations with the town are everywhere emphasized by street-names and statues.

Wellington is better-known to posterity, because he led one of the two Allied armies at the final decisive victory of the Napoleonic Wars ( the battle of Waterloo in 1815 ), although Wellington's superior reputation is perhaps also because he only once faced Napoleon, whereas Charles was confronted by Napoleon in battle more times than any other commander.

Baron Haussmann, a long-time prefect of Bordeaux, used Bordeaux's 18th century big-scale rebuilding as a model when he was asked by Emperor Napoleon III to transform a then still quasi-medieval Paris into a " modern " capital that would make France proud.

The university was created by the archbishop Pey Berland in 1441 and was abolished in 1793, during the French Revolution, before reappearing in 1808 with Napoleon I. Bordeaux accommodates approximately 70, 000 students on one of the largest campuses of Europe ( 235 ha ).

The battle was the climax of a naval campaign that had ranged across the Mediterranean during the previous three months, as a large French convoy sailed from Toulon to Alexandria, carrying an expeditionary force under General Napoleon Bonaparte.

Between the years 1852 and 1870 there was a Second French Empire, again a member of the Bonaparte dynasty would rule ; Napoleon III of France the son of Louis Bonaparte.