Like Napoleon, he was the worst of losers.

First was the period of codification of existing law: the Code Napoleon in France and the peculiar codification that, in fact, resulted from Austin's restatement and ordering of the Common Law in England.

Until the dissolution of Holy Roman Empire and mediatization of smaller imperial fiefs by Napoleon, the evangelical Abbess of Quedlinburg was also per officio the head of that reichsunmittelbar state.

In honor of his work, Volta was made a count by Napoleon in 1801.

In 1815 he was commissioned by the Pope to superintend the transmission from Paris of those works of art which had formerly been conveyed thither under the direction of Napoleon.

The statue, which is colossal and entitled Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker, was not finished till four years after.

It was commissioned in 1806 after the victory at Austerlitz by Emperor Napoleon at the peak of his fortunes.

He was soon at war with Russia, and his aid was eagerly solicited by both England and Napoleon, anxious to checkmate one another in the East.

Ostensibly Napoleon Bonaparte ( born as Nabulione Buonaparte ) was born at Ajaccio in the same year as the Battle of Ponte Novu, 1769.

After graduation and a brief sojourn at the Military School of Paris Napoleon applied for second-lieutenancy in the artillery regiment of La Fère at Valence and after a time was given the position.

After a brief return to his regiment Napoleon was promoted to First Lieutenant and came home again on leave in 1791.

Napoleon returned to Paris for review, was exonerated, promoted to Captain and given leave to escort his sister, a schoolgirl, back to Corsica at state expense.

Paoli was convicted in absentia, a warrant was sent for his arrest ( which could not be served ) and Napoleon was dispatched to Corsica as Inspector-general of Artillery to take the citadel of Ajaccio from the royalists, who had held it since 1789.

* The house in which Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769 is preserved as Casa Buonaparte, and his associations with the town are everywhere emphasized by street-names and statues.

Wellington is better-known to posterity, because he led one of the two Allied armies at the final decisive victory of the Napoleonic Wars ( the battle of Waterloo in 1815 ), although Wellington's superior reputation is perhaps also because he only once faced Napoleon, whereas Charles was confronted by Napoleon in battle more times than any other commander.

Baron Haussmann, a long-time prefect of Bordeaux, used Bordeaux's 18th century big-scale rebuilding as a model when he was asked by Emperor Napoleon III to transform a then still quasi-medieval Paris into a " modern " capital that would make France proud.

The university was created by the archbishop Pey Berland in 1441 and was abolished in 1793, during the French Revolution, before reappearing in 1808 with Napoleon I. Bordeaux accommodates approximately 70, 000 students on one of the largest campuses of Europe ( 235 ha ).

In December 1851, the town was home to a movement of republican resistance towards Napoleon III's coup.

The battle was the climax of a naval campaign that had ranged across the Mediterranean during the previous three months, as a large French convoy sailed from Toulon to Alexandria, carrying an expeditionary force under General Napoleon Bonaparte.

Between the years 1852 and 1870 there was a Second French Empire, again a member of the Bonaparte dynasty would rule ; Napoleon III of France the son of Louis Bonaparte.

Although Napoleon had crossed the Alps on a mule, he requested that he be portrayed " calm upon a fiery steed ".

Fouché was portrayed by French actor Gérard Depardieu on the mini-series Napoleon.

* During the season 7 episode of Smallville called " Cure ", the character of Dr. Curtis Knox ( portrayed by Dean Cain ) is an immortal who has lived for centuries under various names, and has actually been historical figures such as Napoleon Bonaparte and Jack the Ripper, as well as being an apparent member of the Nazi party.

Sir Hudson Lowe was portrayed by Orson Welles in Sacha Guitry's film Napoléon ( 1955 ), by Vernon Dobtcheff in L ' Otage de l ' Europe ( 1989 ), by David Francis in the Napoleon miniseries ( 2002 ), and by Richard E. Grant in Monsieur N. ( 2003 ).

In the 1927 film Napoleon, young general Bonaparte is portrayed as a heroic visionary.

* In Time Squad, Napoleon is trapped at home to take care of the house after his wife Josephine ( who is portrayed as short-tempered and prone to fits of violence ) takes up fine arts.

* Napoleon appears in Blackadder: Back & Forth, portrayed by Simon Russell Beale, as the main antagonist, who takes over the world after Blackadder inadvertently kills Wellington.

The struggles of Vercingetorix were portrayed as a forerunner of the 19th-century struggles in defence of French nationalism, including the wars of both Napoleons ( Napoleon I of France and Napoleon III of France ).

Napoleon's overthrowing of Barras is also portrayed, although in some events Napoleon can overthrow him peacefully.

Amongst the 19th century actresses who made a mark in travesti roles were Mary Anne Keeley who portrayed Smike in the stage adaptation of Nicholas Nickleby and the robber Jack Sheppard in Buckstone's play based on his life ; Maude Adams who played Peter Pan in the American premiere of Barrie's play and went on to play the role over 1500 times ; and Sarah Bernhardt who created the role of Napoleon II of France in Edmond Rostand's L ' Aiglon as well as playing Lorenzino de ' Medici in Musset's Lorenzaccio, Pelléas in Maeterlinck's Pelléas and Mélisande and perhaps most famously the title role in Hamlet.

* 1796 – The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Vittorio Amedeo III, the King of Sardinia, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean coast.

* 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl: the Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France and driven over the Danube in Regensburg.

These Oblates were dispersed by Napoleon I in 1810, while another group called the Oblates of Our Lady of Rho escaped this fate.

Napoleon by Antonio Canova, Apsley House | Apsley House, London

* 1809 – Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four day campaign that ended in a French victory.

* 1809 – Two Austrian army corps are driven from Landshut by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the Battle of Eckmühl.

He commanded the national guard raised by Napoleon.

Napoleon earned the hatred of the Paolists by pretending to support Paoli and then turning against him ( payment, one supposes, for Sardinia ).

The Paolists combining with the royalists defeated the French in two pitched battles and Napoleon and his family went on the run, hiding by day, while the Paolists burned their estate.

Napoleon and his mother, Laetitia, were taken out by ship in June 1793, by friends while two of the girls found refuge with other friends.

Remitted by Abdülaziz to Napoleon III in 1862.