In looking as far back as Moses, thence to Cromwell, Napoleon, Lincoln, Churchill, and Nehru, Montgomery attempts to trace the stirrings and qualities of great men.

However, as Pakistan failed to pull back troops in accordance with the UN resolution and as Nehru grew increasingly wary of the UN, he declined to hold a plebiscite in 1953.

Nehru had a powerful ally in the US president Dwight Eisenhower who, if relatively silent publicly, went to the extent of using America ’ s clout in the IMF to make Britain and France back down.

Under American advice ( by American envoy John Kenneth Galbraith who made and ran American policy on the war as all other top policy makers in USA were absorbed in coincident Cuban Missile Crisis ) Nehru refrained, not according to the best choices available, from using the Indian air force to beat back the Chinese advances.

* The Discovery of India by Jawaharlal Nehru ( paper back, thirteenth edition ), ISBN 0-19-562359-2

Diplomatic intervention by Nehru led to the most prominent CPP leaders being freed and sent back to India.

In 2008 the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Universities Act, 2008 split the university back into four universities, Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture & Fine Arts University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad and Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada.

However, he failed to back that up with the bat, and after a disastrous Nehru Cup in October 1989, where he strung together 36 runs in five innings and Sri Lanka finished last out of the sixth teams, Kuruppu was shuffled out of the team and Hashan Tillakaratne took his place behind the stumps.

It has been noted that this was a key part of the process of the reduction of the Indian economy from sophisticated textile production to a mere supplier of raw materials which occurred under colonial rule, a process described by Nehru and more recent scholars as " de-industrialization.

John Kenneth Galbraith, the Canadian-American Harvard University economist, who advised governments of India during the 1950s, an intimate of Nehru who served as the American ambassador from 1961 to 1963, was a particularly harsh critic of Mountbatten in this regard.

However, some such as Jayati Ghosh, professor of economics at Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, have pointed out that prices have increased irrespective of supply and demand issues: Ghosh points to world wheat prices, which doubled in the period from June to December 2010, despite there being no fall in global supply.

During her stay in the UK, Nehru frequently met her future husband Feroze Gandhi, whom she knew from Allahabad, and who was studying at the London School of Economics.

Nehru emerged from the war years as a leader whose political views were considered radical.

Although the political discourse had been dominated at this time by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, a moderate who said that it was " madness to think of independence ", Nehru had spoken " openly of the politics of non-cooperation, of the need of resigning from honorary positions under the government and of not continuing the futile politics of representation.

Nehru was one of the first leaders to demand that the Congress Party should resolve to make a complete and explicit break from all ties with the British Empire.

Nehru was one of the leaders who objected to the time given to the British-he pressed Gandhi to demand immediate actions from the British.

Nehru remarked about the unprecedented popular response, “ it seemed as though a spring had been suddenly released .” Nehru was arrested on 14 April 1930 while entraining from Allahabad for Raipur.

Nehru ’ s real interest in Marxism and his socialist pattern of thought stem from that tour.

When the Congress party under Nehru chose to contest elections and accept power under the Federation scheme, Gandhi resigned from party membership.

Nehru emerged from this — his ninth and last detention — only on 15 June 1945.

While Nehru exempted Muslim law from legislation and they remained un-reformed, he did pass the Special Marriage Act in 1954.

Nehru led newly independent India from 1947 to 1964, during its first years of freedom from British rule.

In 1954 Nehru signed with China the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, known in India as the Panchsheel ( from the Sanskrit words, panch: five, sheel: virtues ), a set of principles to govern relations between the two states.

Nehru was then at the peak of his popularity in India ; the only ( minor ) criticism came from the far-right.

After years of failed negotiations, Nehru authorized the Indian Army to liberate Goa in 1961 from Portuguese occupation, and then he formally annexed it to India.

Nehru would continue to maintain his commitment to the non-aligned movement despite calls from some to settle down on one permanent ally.

Upon his return from Kashmir in May 1964, Nehru suffered a stroke and later a heart attack.

Nehru observed that these attitudes and religious taboos were preventing India from going forward and adapting to modern conditions: “ No country or people who are slaves to dogma and dogmatic mentality can progress, and unhappily our country and people have become extraordinarily dogmatic and little-minded .” Therefore, he concurred, that religions and all that went with them must be severely limited before they ruined the country and its people.

Harbour cranes unload cargo from a container ship at the Jawaharlal Nehru Port, Navi Mumbai, India.

Nehru visit to Europe in 1936 proved to be the watershed in his political and economic thinking.

Jawaharlal Nehru ( right ) with Muhammad Ali Bogra, Prime Minister of Pakistan ( left ), during his 1953 visit to Karachi

Sukarno at Borobudur with Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru and his daughter Indira Gandhi during their visit to Indonesia

Tongmi was educated in India and had recently been appointed leader of the military brass band when the need for an anthem rose at the occasion of a state visit from prime minister Nehru of India.

Patel's sincere and earnest efforts inspired Kurien to dedicate himself to the challenging task before them, so much so, that when Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was to visit Anand later, to inaugurate Amul's plant, he embraced Kurien for his groundbreaking work.

Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru talks to PM Bogra in his 1953 visit to Karachi.

There is a folk legend, that this statue was raised because Nikita Khrushchev upon visiting India, told Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru that there was a statue of Nikitin in Russia when in fact there was not ( Nehru had asked if the Russians had honored the first Russian to visit India ).

The people of this district received a fresh impetus with the next visit of Mahatma Gandhi along with Jawahar Lal Nehru on October 8, 1929.

He pioneered the policy of non-alignment and co-founded the Non-Aligned Movement of nations professing neutrality between the rival blocs of nations led by the U. S. and the U. S. S. R. Recognising the People's Republic of China soon after its founding ( while most of the Western bloc continued relations with the Republic of China ), Nehru argued for its inclusion in the United Nations and refused to brand the Chinese as the aggressors in their conflict with Korea.

Nehru was distracted by the Sino-Indian War, but lost territory after China had successfully annexed the territory after launching a successful assault.

India presented a frontier map which was accepted by China, and the Indian government under Prime Minister Nehru promoted the slogan Hindi-Chini bhai-bhai ( Indians and Chinese are brothers ).

Adhering to his stated position, Nehru believed that China did not have a legitimate claim over either of these territories, and thus was not ready to concede them.

India's stance that China withdraw from Aksai Chin caused continual deterioration of the diplomatic situation to the point that internal forces were pressuring Nehru to take a military stance against China.

He served as ambassador to Japan, United Kingdom, Thailand, Turkey, People's Republic of China and United States of America and was referred by Nehru as " the best diplomat of the country ".

As had his predecessor, he warned Nehru about the expansionist designs of China and expressed regret over the Tibet problem.

In November, 1962 he was recruited to participate in a guerrilla war against Communist China, but he refused, saying " that so long as Pandit Nehru was the Prime Minister of the country, I could be only a traitor to it.

This move by China caught India by surprise and by 12 October, Nehru gave orders for the Chinese to be expelled from Aksai Chin.

But Nehru maintained his 1950 statement that he would not accept negotiations if China brought the boundary dispute up, hoping that " China would accept the fait accompli.

Nehru later claimed that because China did not bring up the border issue at the 1954 conference, the issue was settled.

The failure of the 1959 Tibetan uprising and the 14th Dalai Lama's arrival in India in March led Indian parliamentarians to censure Nehru for not securing a commitment from China to respect the McMahon Line.

In a letter to Nehru dated 24 October 1959, Zhou Enlai proposed that India and China each withdraw their forces 20 kilometers from the line of actual control.

Transfer of Power, 8 Aug 1947 meeting ) Nehru opposed him tooth and nail and was overruled by Mountbatten. In Feb 48, he was asked to lead Defense Staff College, Wellington. In 1950, he predicted problems for India after conquest of Tibet by China and sparred with visiting Foreign secretary of India at Wellington .( Ref.

Premier Zhou Enlai of the People's Republic of China proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in 1953 during negotiations with India over Tibet and these were written into the Agreement Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of India on Trade and Intercourse Between the Tibet Region of China and India signed in 1954 by Zhou and Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru.

* India China Relation-Future Perspectives, jointly edited with DR B R Deepak, Prof at Jawaharlal Nehru University

In 1937, after the Japanese invasion of China, the communist General Zhu De requested Jawaharlal Nehru to send Indian physicians to China.