Nestorius suggested the title Christotokos ( Χριστοτόκος, " Christ-bearer "), but did not find acceptance on either side.

Theodoret shared in the petition of John I of Antioch to Nestorius to approve of the term theotokos (" mother of God "), and upon the request of John wrote against Cyril's anathemas.

Nestorius emphasized the dual natures of Christ, trying to find a middle ground between those that emphasized the fact that in Christ God had been born as a man, insisted on calling the Virgin Mary Theotokos ( Greek: Θεοτόκος, " God-bearer "), and those that rejected that title because God as an eternal being could not have been born.

Nestorius tried to find a middle ground between those that emphasized the fact that in Christ God had been born as a man, insisted on calling the Virgin Mary Theotokos ( Greek: Θεοτόκος, " God-bearer "), and those that rejected that title because God as an eternal being could not have been born.

The Archbishop of Constantinople — Nestorius, having asserted that Mary ought not to be referred to as the " Mother of God " ( Theotokos in Greek, literally " God-bearer "), was denounced as a heretic ; in combating this assertion of Patriarch Nestorius, Eutyches declared that Christ was " a fusion of human and divine elements ", causing his own denunciation as a heretic twenty years after the First Council of Ephesus at the 451 AD Council of Chalcedon.

Nestorius was condemned and deposed by the First Council of Ephesus, which approved of the Second Epistle of Cyril to Nestorius ( which included a dogmatizing of " Theotokos "), and made no other dogmatic definitions.

A number of bishops, who were undecided between Nestorius and Cyril, did not want to give Cyril, as one party in the dispute, the right to chair the meeting and decide the agenda ; however, they began to take Cyril's side for various reasons.

The council also passed five canons condemning Nestorius and Caelestius and their followers as heretics and a sixth one decreeing deposition from clerical office or excommunication for those who did not accept the Council's decrees.

However, Count Candidian and his troops supported Nestorius as did Count Irenaeus.

Cyril appealed to Celestine of Rome to make a decision on Nestorius ; and Celestine delegated to Cyril the job of excommunicating Nestorius if he did not change his teachings in ten days.

Neither did he have any share, as was wrongly ascribed to him, in the First Council of Ephesus of 431, though, in consequence of disputes which arose in Armenia between the followers of Nestorius and the disciples of Acathius of Melitene and Rabbula, Isaac and his church did appeal to Constantinople and through Saint Proclus obtained the desired explanations.

Some modern scholars argue whether Nestorianism is the proper term for the Christianity that was practiced in China, since it did not adhere to what was preached by Nestorius, and are instead preferring to refer to it as " Church of the East ", a term which encompasses the various forms of early Christianity in Asia.

J. Barmby, Hormisdas made several demands: ( 1 ) The emperor should publicly announce his acceptance of the council of Chalcedon and the letters of Pope Leo ; ( 2 ) the Eastern bishops should make a similar public declaration, and in addition anathematize Nestorius, Eutyches, Dioscorus, Aelurus, Peter Mongus, Peter the Fuller, and Acacius, with all their followers ; ( 3 ) everyone exiled in this dispute should be recalled and their cases reserved for the judgment of the Apostolic See ; ( 4 ) those exiles who had been in communion with Rome and professed Catholicism should first be recalled ; and ( 5 ) bishops accused of having persecuted the orthodox should be sent to Rome to be judged.

Rather than repudiating the priest, Nestorius intervened on his behalf.

Nestorius, on the other hand, saw the incarnation as primarily a moral and ethical example to the faithful, to follow in the footsteps of Jesus.

Following the exodus to Persia, scholars expanded on the teachings of Nestorius and his mentors, particularly after the relocation of the School of Edessa to the Persian city of Nisibis in 489 ( where it became known as the School of Nisibis ).

Cyril had both theological and political reasons for attacking Nestorius ; on top of feeling that Nestorianism was an error against true belief, he also wanted to denigrate the head of a competing patriarchate.

Cyril and Nestorius asked Pope Celestine I to weigh in on the matter.

Nestorius rejected this proposition, answering that, because the human soul was based on the archetype of the Logos, only to become polluted by the Fall, Jesus was " more " human for having the Logos and not " less ".

Before acting on the Pope's commission, Cyril convened a synod of Egyptian bishops which condemned Nestorius as well.

Despite Nestorius ' agenda of prosecuting Cyril, Theodosius intended for the council to focus strictly on the christological controversy.

Seeing the writing on the wall and anticipating his fate, Nestorius requested permission to retire to his former monastery.

Nestorius (; in Greek: Νεστόριος ; 386 – 451 ) was Archbishop of Constantinople from 10 April 428 to August 431 ( when the emperor Theodosius II confirmed his condemnation by the Cyrillian faction at Ephesus on 22 June ).

* " The lynching of Nestorius " by Stephen M. Ulrich, concentrates on the political pressures around the Council of Ephesus and analyzes the rediscovered Bazaar of Nestorius.

On the death of Sisinnius, the famous Nestorius succeeded as Archbishop of Constantinople ( 428 – 431 ), and early in 429, on a festival of the Theotokos ( Virgin Mary ), Proclus preached his celebrated sermon on the Incarnation, which was later inserted in the beginning of the Acts of the Council of Ephesus.

He engaged to publicly anathematize Nestorius and all who thought with him on his return, and declared the identity of his doctrine with that agreed upon by John and Cyril, and that he accepted the decrees of Ephesus equally with those of Nicaea as due to the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.

All the prelates agreed in this verdict, on the condition that he should anathematize Nestorius and Eutyches and accept the tome of Leo.

i. 2 ) that Nestorius, on his way from Antioch to Constantinople ( AD 428 ), took counsel with Theodore and received from him the seeds of heresy which he shortly afterwards scattered with such disastrous results.

In response to Nestorius ' attack on giving the title of Theotokos to the Virgin Mary, the Byzantines increased the use of the term in the liturgy, and now almost every string of hymns ends with one in her honour, called a Theotokion.

Nothing is known of his life, save what he tells us himself in the last of the biographies he wrote: " I, Gennadius, presbyter of Massilia, wrote eight books against all heresies, five books against Nestorius, ten books against Eutyches, three books against Pelagius, a treatise on the thousand years of the Apocalypse of John, this work, and a letter about my faith sent to blessed Gelasius, bishop of the city of Rome ".

The purpose of the condemnation was to make plain that the Imperial, Chalcedonian ( that is, recognizing the hypostatic union of Christ as two natures, one divine and one human, united in one person with neither confusion nor division ) Church was firmly opposed to all those who had either inspired or assisted Nestorius, the eponymous heresiarch of Nestorianism — the proposition that the Christ and Jesus were two separate persons loosely conjoined, somewhat akin to adoptionism, and that the Virgin Mary could not be called the Mother of God ( Gk.

At this time a presbyter in Constantinople named Eutyches was in alliance with Eusebius of Dorylaeum in opposition to Nestorius, but it is unclear whether either played a major role in the proceedings of the council beyond accusation, which was largely directed by Cyril of Alexandria.

Nestorius then called for a council to see what side when be made into church law.

* 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt.

* 428 – Nestorius becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.

The papal legates refused to attend the second session at which several more orthodox bishops were deposed, including Ibas of Edessa, Irenaeus of Tyre ( a close personal friend of Nestorius ), Domnus of Antioch, and Theodoret.

He was a central figure in the First Council of Ephesus in 431, which led to the deposition of Nestorius as Patriarch of Constantinople.

Cyril is well-known due to his dispute with Nestorius and his supporter Patriarch John of Antioch, whom Cyril excluded from the Council of Ephesus for arriving late.

The conflict came to a head in 428 after Nestorius, who originated in Antioch, was made Archbishop of Constantinople.

" However, Nestorius claimed that the Son of God was altogether incapable of suffering, even within his union with the flesh.

Eusebius of Dorylaeum went so far as to accuse Nestorius of adoptionism.

At Easter 429 A. D., Cyril wrote a letter to the Egyptian monks warning them of Nestorius ' views.

A copy of this letter reached Constantinople where Nestorius preached a sermon against it.

This began a series of letters between Cyril and Nestorius which gradually became more strident in tone.

Ephesus was friendly to Cyril, Emperor Theodosius convoked Council of Ephesus ( in 431 ) before Nestorius's supporters from Antioch and Syria had arrived and thus Nestorius refused to attend when summoned.

Predictably, the Council ordered the deposition and exile of Nestorius for heresy.

Nestorius spoke of the distinct ' Jesus the man ' and ' the divine Logos ' in ways that Cyril thought were too dichotomous, widening the ontological gap between man and God in a way that some of his contemporaries believed would annihilate the person of Christ.

The narrator, Hypa, witnesses the lynching of Hypatia and finds himself involved in the schism of 431, when Cyril deposed Nestorius.

* Artemi, Eirini, The rejection of the term Theotokos by Nestorius Constantinople more and his refutation by Cyril of Alexandria, http :// independent. academia. edu / EIRINIARTEMINationalandCapodistrianUniversityofAthens / Papers / 1721697 / The_rejection_of_the_term_Theotokos_by_Nestorius_Constantinople

Another theological dispute in the 5th century occurred over the teachings of Nestorius, the Patriarch of Constantinople who taught that God the Word was not hypostatically joined with human nature, but rather dwelt in the man Jesus.

When reports of this reached the Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark, Pope Saint Cyril I of Alexandria acted quickly to correct this breach with orthodoxy, requesting that Nestorius repent.

Pope Cyril I of Alexandria, supported by the entire See, sent a letter to Nestorius known as " The Third Epistle of Saint Cyril to Nestorius.

" In these anathemas, Cyril excommunicated anyone who followed the teachings of Nestorius.