Hipparchus of Nicaea, or more correctly Hipparchos (; c. 190 BC – c. 120 BC ), was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician of the Hellenistic period.

Deemed a heretic by the Ecumenical First Council of Nicaea of 325, Arius was later exonerated in 335 at the regional First Synod of Tyre, and then, after his death, pronounced a heretic again at the Ecumenical First Council of Constantinople of 381.

The focus of the Council of Nicaea was the divinity of Christ ( see Paul of Samosata and the Synods of Antioch ).

Although he was committed to maintaining what the church had defined at Nicaea, Constantine was also bent on pacifying the situation and eventually became more lenient toward those condemned and exiled at the council.

Arius was not really very important to general Arianism after his exile at Nicaea.

At that point the deposed emperor was ransomed by Michael I of Epirus, who sent him to Asia Minor, where Alexios ' son-in-law Theodore I Laskaris of the Empire of Nicaea was holding his own against the Latins.

Alexius III was then confined to a monastery at Nicaea, where he died later in 1211.

A group of the aristocrats of his court, scandalised by Andrew's generosity towards his wife's relatives and followers, planned to offer the throne to his cousins, who had been living in the court of the Emperor Theodore I Lascaris of Nicaea, but their envoy was arrested and Andrew could overcome the conspiracy.

When he was staying in Nicaea, his cousins, who had been living there, made an unsuccessful attempt to take his life.

Nicaea, until 1261 the capital of the Empire, was under siege by Ottoman Turks.

Andronikos II Palaiologos was born at Nicaea.

Adhemar negotiated with Alexius I Comnenus at Constantinople, reestablished at Nicaea some discipline among the crusaders, fought a crucial role at the Battle of Dorylaeum and was largely responsible for sustaining morale during the siege of Antioch through various religious rites including fasting and special observances of holy days.

Parthenius of Nicaea recorded a love affair between Odysseus and Aeolus ' daughter Polymele ; the latter was said to have ended up betrothed to her own brother Diores.

Adoptionism was declared heresy at the end of the 2nd century and was rejected by the First Council of Nicaea, which defined the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity and identified the man Jesus with the eternally begotten Son or Word of God.

Nicaea was convoked by Constantine I in May – August 325 to address the Arian position that Jesus of Nazareth is of a distinct substance from the Father.

Athanasius ' letters include one " Letter Concerning the Decrees of the Council of Nicaea " ( De Decretis ), which is an account of the proceedings of that council, and another letter in the year 367 which was the first known listing of the New Testament including all those books now accepted everywhere as the New Testament.

As a result of rises and falls in Arianism's influence after the First Council of Nicaea, Emperor Constantine I banished him from Alexandria to Trier in the Rhineland, but he was restored after the death of Constantine I by the emperor's son Constantine II.

): " Let what was confessed by the fathers of Nicaea prevail ".

However, others point to the Council of Nicaea as proof in and of itself that Arianism was a real theological ideology.

The Nicene Creed, largely a response to Arianism, was formulated at the Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople in 325 and 381 respectively and ratified as the universal creed of Christendom by the First Council of Ephesus in 431.

In 325, the first ecumenical council ( First Council of Nicaea ) determined that Jesus Christ was God, " consubstantial " with the Father, and rejected the Arian contention that Jesus was a created being.

Separating from his superior, Metropolitan Acacius of Caesarea, a partisan of Arius who taught that Jesus was a divine being created by — and therefore inferior to — God the Father, St. Cyril took the side of the Eusebians of the post-Nicene conciliation party and thus got into difficulties with his superior that were increased by Acacius's jealousy of the importance assigned to St. Cyril's See by the Council of Nicaea.

: The official ideology of the Nicene Empire was one of reconquest and militarism which was not to be seen in later 14th century Palailogan rhetoric. The ideology which characterized 13th century Nicaea was that of the continued significance of Constantinople, and the hope to recapture it, an ideology drawing less on claims of political universalism or Hellenic nationalism, than on Old Testament ideas of Jewish providence.

The second Emperor of Nicaea, John III Ducas Vatatzes, wrote in a letter to Pope Gregory IX about the wisdom that " rains upon the Hellenic nation ".

The crusader siege of Nicaea forced the city to surrender to the emperor in 1097, and the subsequent crusader victory at Dorylaion allowed the Byzantine forces to recover much of western Asia Minor.

It is called Nicene () because, in its original form, it was adopted in the city of Nicaea ( İznik in what is now Turkey ) by the first ecumenical council, which met there in the year 325.

The city of Nicaea ( second only to Constantinople in the Byzantine Empire ) surrendered to him after a three-year siege in 1331.

** June 19 – the city of Nicaea falls to the Crusaders after a month siege.

The city is captured by the Empire of Nicaea on July 25, thus re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.

Feeling that the primatial rights of the bishop of Rome were threatened, Leo appealed to the civil power for support, and obtained from Valentinian III the famous decree of 6 June 445, which recognized the primacy of the bishop of Rome based on the merits of Peter, the dignity of the city, and the legislation of the First Council of Nicaea ; and provided for the forcible extradition by provincial governors of any bishop who refused to answer a summons to Rome.

Nice (, ; Niçard norm or Nissa, or Nizza Marittima,, Latin: Nicaea ) is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348, 721 within its administrative limits on a land area of.

Nicaea served as the interim capital city of the Byzantine Empire between 1204 and 1261, following the Fourth Crusade in 1204, until the recapture of Constantinople by the Byzantines in 1261.

Soon after the time of Lysimachus, Nicaea became a city of great importance, and the kings of Bithynia, whose era begins in 288 BC with Zipoetes, often resided at Nicaea.

The numerous coins of Nicaea which still exist attest the interest taken in the city by the emperors, as well as its attachment to the rulers ; many of them commemorate great festivals celebrated there in honour of gods and emperors, as Olympia, Isthmia, Dionysia, Pythia, Commodia, Severia, Philadelphia, etc.

The church of Hagia Sophia was built by Justinian I in the middle of the city in the 6th century ( modelled after the larger Hagia Sophia in Constantinople ), and it was there that the Second Council of Nicaea met in 787 to discuss the issues of iconography.

Byzantium was now placed under siege, forcing Niger to abandon the city and retreat back to Nicaea.

Their first major victory, with Byzantine soldiers at their side, was at the city of Nicaea, close to Constantinople, which the Seljuk Turks had taken in 1085.

* Nicaea ( present-day İznik, another important city in Bithynia, and the interim Byzantine capital city between 1204 and 1261 ( Empire of Nicaea ) following the Fourth Crusade in 1204, until the recapture of Constantinople by the Byzantines in 1261.

He then ruled in Constantinople, and in 1235, with a few troops, he repelled a great siege of the city by John III Doukas Vatatzes, emperor of Nicaea, and Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria, leading a successful cavalry charge at the age of eighty, which killed some 10, 000 enemy soldiers.

It covered northwestern Asia Minor ( Bithynia, Paphlagonia and parts of Galatia ), and was based at Nicaea.

It covered northwestern Asia Minor ( Bithynia, Paphlagonia and parts of Galatia ), and was based at Nicaea.