Nicaraguan exports to the United States, which account for 59 % of Nicaragua ’ s total exports, were $ 1. 7 billion in 2008, up 45 % from 2005.

Mixed Economy – Fonseca ’ s understanding of the fact that Nicaragua was not, in spite of Browderist interpretations, simply a feudal country and that it had also never really developed its own capitalism surely made it clear that a simple feudalism-capitalism-socialism path was not a rational way to think about the future development of Nicaragua.

Thousands of volunteers sold coffee from Angola and Nicaragua in worldshops, in the back of churches, from their homes, and from stands in public places, using the products as a vehicle to deliver their message: give disadvantaged producers in developing countries a fair chance on the world ’ s market, and support their self-determined sustainable development.

In the dirtiest of Latin America ’ s dirty wars, their faith in America ’ s mission justified atrocities in the name of liberty .” Grandin examined the behaviour of the U. S. backed-contras and found evidence that it was particularly inhumane and vicious: " In Nicaragua, the U. S .- backed Contras decapitated, castrated, and otherwise mutilated civilians and foreign aid workers.

Similarly, former diplomat Clara Nieto, in her book " Masters of War ," charged that " the CIA launched a series of terrorist actions from the “ mothership ” off Nicaragua ’ s coast.

In October there was an attack on Pierto Corinto, Nicaragua ’ s largest port, with mortars, rockets, and grenades blowing up five large oil and gasoline storage tanks.

" Nicaragua ’ s Permanent Commission on Human Rights condemned Sandinista human rights violations, recording at least 2, 000 murders in the first six months and 3, 000 disappearances in the first few years.

SAM ’ s aircraft flew to and from Panama ; San Juan de Puerto Rico ; Lima and Talara in Peru ; Kingston in Jamaica ; Caracas and Maracaibo in Venezuela ; La Habana in Cuba ; Managua in Nicaragua ; Quito in Ecuador ; Curaçao ; Guatemala ; Mexico ; Santiago de Chile ; and Manaus in Brazil.

The British and Miskito definition applied to the whole eastern seaboard of Nicaragua — and even to La Mosquitia in Honduras, i. e., the coast region as far west as the Río Negro or Tinto – the Mosquito Coast more came in the later part of the century to be considered a narrow strip of territory, fronting the Caribbean Sea, and extending from about 11 ° 45 ’ to 14 ° 10 ’ N. It stretched inland for an average distance of, and measured about from north to south.

Its wide range and diverse habitats result in many other local names, including Ganges River shark, Fitzroy Creek whaler, van Rooyen ’ s shark, Lake Nicaragua shark, river shark, freshwater whaler, estuary whaler, Swan River whaler, cub shark, and shovelnose shark.

Nicaragua ’ s lessons for language acquisition.

He spearheaded a movement to review and redact Nicaragua ’ s laws concerning the prevention and management of natural disasters.

Bolaños attempted to work closely with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in attempts to reduce Nicaragua ’ s foreign debt by means of cooperation with Structural Adjustment Programs.

He also created a long-term National Development Plan meant to reduce poverty and diversify Nicaragua ’ s traditionally agriculture dominated economy.

On 16 January 2009, Nicaragua ’ s Supreme Court overturned the 20-year corruption sentence against former President Arnoldo Alemán.

The decision generated some controversy: " stunned opposition lawmakers immediately suspected a secret deal between Mr. Alemán, ranked one of the world ’ s 10 most corrupt leaders ever by Transparency International, and Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua and leader of the Sandinista Party, who wields considerable influence and control over the courts.

The Member state are Afghanistan, Belarus, Cuba, Cyprus, Guinea, Guyana, India, Indonesia, the Lao People ’ s Democratic Republic, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine and Venezuela.

Eight amphibian species named in E. H. Taylor ’ s honor are still recognized as valid: Frogs: Hyalinobatrachium taylori ( Taylor ’ s Glass Frog, from the Guianas ), Platymantis taylori Taylor ’ s Direct-breeding Frog, Sierra Madre, Luzon, Philippines ), Craugaster taylori ( Taylor ’ s robber Frog, from Chaipas, Mexico ), Lithobates taylori ( Peralta Frog, from eastern Nicaragua & Costa Rica ); Salamanders: Ambystoma taylori ( Taylor ’ s Salamander, a neotenic salamander from Puebla, Mexico ), Bolitoglossa taylori ( Cerro Cituro Salamander, from Darien, Panama ), Oedipina taylori ( Taylor ’ s Worm Salamander, from Guatemala, El Salvador & Honduras ); Caecilians: Microcaecilia taylori ( Taylor ’ s Caecilian, from Suriname ).

Andrés Pérez, " Nicaragua: History, social conflict, and missions for peace ", in Gregory Wirick and Robert Miller ( ed. s ) Canada and Missions for Peace: Lessons from Nicaragua, Cambodia and Somalia.

( s .) chionogaster ( White-breasted Hawk ) occurs in highlands from far southern Mexico ( Chiapas and Oaxaca ), through Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador, to Nicaragua.

The CIIR report also questioned the independence of the Permanent Commission on Human Rights, referring to an article in the Washington Post which claims that the National Endowment for Democracy, an organization funded by the US government, allocated a concession of US $ 50, 000 for assistance in the translation and distribution outside Nicaragua of its monthly report, and that these funds were administered by Prodemca, a US-based organization which later published full-page adverisments in the Washington Post and New York Times supporting military aid to the Contras.

On the other hand, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights states: " During its on-site observation in 1978 under the Government of General Somoza, the Permanent Commission on Human Rights in Nicaragua, ( CPDH ) gave the Commission notable assistance, which certainly helped it to prepare its report promptly and correctly.

Barnes repudiated the traditional Trotskyist understanding of Permanent Revolution in favor of Lenin's pre-WW1 positions of the " democratic-dictatorship of the proletariat and peasantry ", and a view highly sympathetic to the governments of Cuba, Nicaragua and Grenada.

The Honduras-El Salvador Border Protocol ratified by Honduras in May 1999 established a framework for a long-delayed border demarcation, which is currently underway ; with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua likely would be required.

A participant of the Central American Security Commission ( CSC ), Nicaragua also has taken a leading role in pressing for regional demilitarization and peaceful settlement of disputes within states in the region.

Territorial disputes with Colombia over the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank ; with respect to the maritime boundary question in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required ; maritime boundary dispute with Honduras in the Caribbean Sea ; Nicaragua is sovereign over the Rio San Juan, and by treaty Costa Rica has the right to navigate over part of the river with ' objects of commerce '.

" The IACHR also stated that: " The Commission is of the view that the new regime did not have, and does not now have, a policy of violating the right to life of political enemies, including among the latter the former guardsmen of the Government of General Somoza, whom a large sector of the population of Nicaragua held responsible for serious human rights violations during the former regime ; proof of the foregoing is the abolition of the death penalty and the high number of former guardsmen who were prisoners and brought to trial for crimes that constituted violations of human rights.

The 1991 annual report by the same organization, " In September 1990, the Commission was informed of the discovery of common graves in Nicaragua, especially in areas where fighting had occurred.

In 1899, the Isthmian Canal Commission was set up to determine which site would be best for the canal ( Nicaragua or Panama ) and then to oversee construction of the canal.

Soon after retiring as a full admiral in 1897, Walker was chosen to serve as President of the Nicaragua Canal Commission.

One female, collected on an island off the coast of Nicaragua, was gravid and measured 4 feet 8 inches from snout to vent ( her tail should be between 6 and 7 inches long ).

** Nicaragua Customs union, ( 1963, re-launched on October 29, 1993 )

There had been a dispute on Google Maps regarding a forested terrain at the Nicaragua-Costa Rica border where border troops of Nicaragua had been stationed.

He confined himself to operate in the southern part of Nicaragua ; after a press conference he was holding on 30 May 1984 was bombed, he " voluntarily withdrew " from the contra struggle.

" After the U. S. enforced the embargo, Nicaragua was isolated from the West, forcing the Sandinistas to rely more on Eastern bloc military and economic assistance even though Moscow declined to offer the quantity of aid it provided to close communist allies.

" That is a standard technique in attempting to destabilize and overthrow a government, is to demonstrate to the citizens that it's government cannot provide security for them ," observes David MacMichael, a former CIA analyst on Nicaragua.

: Three weeks ago, Americas Watch issued a report on human rights abuses in Nicaragua.

Breaking Faith: The Sandinista Revolution and Its Impact on Freedom and Christian Faith in Nicaragua.

* Sklar, H. ( 1988 ) " Washington's war on Nicaragua " South End Press.

El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua also are negotiating a free trade agreement with Canada, and negotiations started on 2006 for a free trade agreement with Colombia.

A German Government report on fuel prices dated 2010 / 11 stated that the Imperial gallon is used as a unit of measure for fuel in Guyana, United Arab Emirates and Antigua and Barbuda and the US gallon in Liberia, Belize, Colombia, The Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Myanmar ( Burma ), Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico and the United States.

In August 1922, the presidents of Honduras, Nicaragua, and El Salvador met on the U. S. S.

The 922-kilometer southeastern side of the triangle is the land border with Nicaragua ; it follows the Río Coco near the Caribbean Sea and then extends southwestward through mountainous terrain to the Gulf of Fonseca on the Pacific Ocean.

Events during the 1980s in El Salvador and Nicaragua led Honduras — with US assistance — to expand its armed forces considerably, laying particular emphasis on its air force, which came to include a squadron of US-provided F-5s.

He continued his predecessor's strong emphasis on Central American cooperation and integration, which resulted in an agreement easing border controls and tariffs among Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador.

Despite opposing the United States in favour of the Sandanistas on the country's northern border, stern warnings against the US Bay of Pigs invasion, along with repelling Nicaraguan dictator Somoza's invasion after turning to the Organization of American States, and border disputes with Nicaragua, Costa Rica has held firmly to its belief against ever having a military.

He began withdrawing American troops from Nicaragua and Haiti ; he also proposed an arms embargo on Latin America and a one-third reduction of the world's naval power, which was called the Hoover Plan.

In Nicaragua, the lodging aspect of the word " inn " lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers.

* 1953 – Ernesto " Che " Guevara sets out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador.

To position himself as Reagan's successor, Kemp called for Shultz's resignation based on claims that Shultz had neglected freedom fighters in Afghanistan and Nicaragua and had waffled on SDI.

* Piracy on Lake Nicaragua

They claim that the underlying economic motivation eroded any claims of moral superiority, leaving the hostile acts in ( Korea, Hungary, Cuban missile crisis, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Nicaragua ) to stand on their own in justifying the human lives the conflicts had destroyed.

Leftist critics usually argued that the United States itself created a " moral equivalence " when some of its actions, such as President Ronald Reagan's support for the Contra insurgency against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua, put it on the same level of immorality as the Soviet Union.

Nicaragua ranges from the Caribbean Sea on the nation's east coast, and the Pacific Ocean bordering the west.