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Nietzsche and points
Gianni Vattimo points at a back and forth movement in European thought, between Nietzsche and Heidegger.
As Nietzsche points out, it presupposes an “ I ” to think without offering empirical evidence to back this assumption.
Indeed, one of MacIntyre's major points in his most famous work, After Virtue, is that the failed attempt by various Enlightenment thinkers to furnish a final universal account of moral rationality led to the rejection of moral rationality altogether by subsequent thinkers such as Charles Stevenson, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Friedrich Nietzsche.
As Heidegger points out in his lectures on Nietzsche, Nietzsche's first mention of eternal recurrence, in aphorism 341 of The Gay Science ( cited below ), presents this concept as a hypothetical question rather than postulating it as a fact.
He points out that Kafka shares the methodology of exploring the human psyche by analyzing the motivations behind actions and thoughts with the famed thinkers Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud.
Nietzsche points out that what is common among different peoples is the act of esteeming, of creating values, even if the values are different from one people to the next.
', although MacIntyre acknowledges that the book does not give sufficient grounds for a definitive answer that it is Aristotle, not Nietzsche, who points to the best solution for the problems that the book has diagnosed.

Nietzsche and Assassins
The 19th century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche gives prominent focus to what he terms " the Brotherhood of Assassins ", in section 24 of On the Genealogy of Morality.
Nietzsche compares genuine free spirits with the Assassins: " When the Christian crusaders in the Orient came across that invincible order of Assassinsthat order of free spirits par excellence whose lowest order received, through some channel or other, a hint about that symbol and spell reserved for the uppermost echelons alone, as their secret: " nothing is true, everything is permitted ".

Nietzsche and free
This wilful destruction of values and the overcoming of the condition of nihilism by the constructing of new meaning, this active nihilism, could be related to what Nietzsche elsewhere calls a ' free spirit ' or the Übermensch from Thus Spoke Zarathustra and the Antichrist, the model of the strong individual who posits his own values and lives his life as if it were his own work of art.
Friedrich Nietzsche spoke occasionally in favor of something like free love, but when he proposed marriage to that famous practitioner of it, Lou Andreas-Salome, she berated him for being inconsistent with his philosophy of the free and supramoral Superman, a criticism that Nietzsche seems to have taken seriously, or to have at least been stung by.
* Nietzsche and free will
In the opening two parts of the book, Nietzsche discusses in turn the philosophers of the past, whom he accuses of a blind dogmatism plagued by moral prejudice masquerading as a search for objective truth ; and the " free spirits ", like himself, who are to replace them.
Reflecting an admiration of Voltaire as a free thinker, but also a break in his friendship with composer Richard Wagner two years earlier, Nietzsche dedicated the original 1878 edition of Human, All Too Human “ to the memory of Voltaire on the celebration of the anniversary of his death, May 30, 1778 .” Instead of a preface, the first part originally included a quotation from Descartes ’ Discourse on the Method.
Nietzsche writes of thefree spirit ” or “ free thinker ” ( Freigeist ), and his role in society, a sort of proto-Übermensch, forming the basis of a concept he extensively explores in his later work Thus Spoke Zarathustra.
Nietzsche, on the contrary, praised "... virtue free of moralic acid.
Nietzsche considered himself to be a free spirit who was undertaking transvaluation of all values.
* Isadora Duncan develops free dance, a dance technique influenced by the ancient Greeks and the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche.
Nishitani, " the stylistic superior of Nishida ," brought Zen poetry, religion, literature, and philosophy organically together in his work to help lay the difficult foundations of breaking free of the Japanese language in a similar way as Blaise Pascal or Friedrich Nietzsche.
Nietzsche receives a yellow card after claiming that Confucius has no free will.
Nietzsche begins with a chapter dedicated to " free spirits ," described as those who have unbound themselves from dogmatism and transcended the need for objective truth.
* " Nietzsche ’ s Philosophical Interpretation of Metaphor: A Metaphorical Genealogy ", Conférence de Nimègue sur Nietzsche, 21-23 septembre 2000, DOGMA: http :// dogma. free. fr

Nietzsche and spirits
Importantly, Nietzsche attacks the false spirits who are the host of self-describing " unbelievers " of modern times who claim to reject religious deception as scholars and philosophers and yet retain the traditional refusal to question the value of truth.

Nietzsche and who
It is Martin Heidegger, not Nietzsche, who elaborated a new interpretation of Aristotle, intended to warrant his deconstruction of scholastic and philosophical tradition.
" Nietzsche, who was heavily influenced by Schopenhauer, wrote: " Every concept originates through our equating what is unequal.
August Wilhelm's Vienna lectures on dramatic art and literature went through four editions between 1809 and 1846 and, in them, he opined that Euripides " not only destroyed the external order of tragedy but missed its entire meaning ," a view that came to influence Friedrich Nietzsche, who however seems not to have known the Euripidean plays at all well.
Philosophers who have criticized the concept of human rights include Jeremy Bentham, Edmund Burke, Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Marx.
The Ego and Its Own by Max StirnerIn Russia, individualist anarchism inspired by Stirner combined with an appreciation for Friedrich Nietzsche attracted a small following of bohemian artists and intellectuals such as Lev Chernyi, as well as a few lone wolves who found self-expression in crime and violence.
Major influences were Friedrich Nietzsche, Oswald Spengler and, most importantly, Houston Stewart Chamberlain, the British-born German writer who was one of the founders of " scientific " anti-Semitism, and whose book The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century ( 1899 ) was one of the standard works of the extreme right in Germany.
Early German use of the term judenchristlich (" Jewish-Christian "), in a decidedly negative sense, can be found in the late writings of Friedrich Nietzsche, who emphasized what he saw as neglected aspects of continuity between the Jewish world view and that of Christianity.
Perhaps the most prominent figures in the history of philosophy who have rejected moral rationalism are David Hume and Friedrich Nietzsche.
Nihilism is often associated with the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who provided a detailed diagnosis of nihilism as a widespread phenomenon of Western culture.
Many postmodern thinkers who investigated the problem of nihilism as put forward by Nietzsche, were influenced by Martin Heidegger ’ s interpretation of Nietzsche.
Habermas, Lyotard and Rorty are also philosophers who are influenced by Heidegger ’ s interpretation of Nietzsche.
* According to Nietzsche, in Greek " oi " was an expression of pain, and someone who was in pain or miserable was said to be " oizuros ".
" Yockey's philosophy, especially his vehement anti-Semitism, differs heavily from Spengler, however, who criticised anti-Semitism and racialism much in the same vein as his own influence Friedrich Nietzsche had ...
A virtual cult following developed among such German philosophers as Friedrich Schelling, Friedrich Schlegel and Friedrich Nietzsche, who claimed that, " Thucydides, the portrayer of man, that culture of the most impartial knowledge of the world finds its last glorious flower.
After the burning of the Tuileries Palace on May 23, 1871, Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche himself meditated about the " fight against culture ", wondering what could justify culture if it were to be destroyed in such a " senseless " manner ( the arguments are: culture is justified by works of art and scientific achievements ; exploitation is necessary to those achievements, leading to the creation of exploited people who then fight against culture.
He also defines the term “ skepticism ” as he uses it and identifies two types of skeptic, the Apollonian, who is “ committed to clarity and rationality ” and the Dionysian, who is “ committed to passion and instinct .” William James, Bertrand Russell, and Friedrich Nietzsche exemplify the Apollonian skeptic, Carroll says, and Charles Sanders Peirce, Tertullian, Søren Kierkegaard, and Blaise Pascal are Dionysian skeptics.
In the early 1950s, Foucualt came under the influence of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who would remain a core influence on his work throughout his life.
In the tradition of Nietzsche and Georges Bataille, Foucault had embraced the artist who pushed the limits of rationality, and he wrote with great passion in defense of irrationalities that broke boundaries.
Inspired by the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, Goethe, Hermann Hesse, and Eduard Baltzer, Wandervogel attracted thousands of young Germans who rejected the rapid trend toward urbanization and yearned for the pagan, back-to-nature spiritual life of their ancestors.

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