Nitrogen increases arc stability and penetration and reduces distortion of the welded part.

Nitrogen compound emissions from internal combustion engines are a root cause of smog.

Nitrogen oxides are treated either by modifications to the combustion process to prevent their formation, or by high temperature or catalytic reaction with ammonia or urea.

Nitrogen oxides start to form above and more nitrogen oxides are produced at higher temperatures.

Nitrogen gas ( N < sub > 2 </ sub >) at concentrations of 98 % or higher is also used effectively to kill insects in grain through hypoxia.

Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in our galaxy and the Solar System.

Nitrogen was also studied at about the same time by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Henry Cavendish, and Joseph Priestley, who referred to it as burnt air or phlogisticated air.

Nitrogen fertilizers are often made using the Haber-Bosch process ( invented about 1915 ) which uses natural gas ( CH < sub > 4 +)</ sub > for the hydrogen and nitrogen gas ( N < sub > 2 </ sub >) from the air at an elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst to form ammonia ( NH < sub > 3 </ sub >) as the end product.

Oxygen diffuses into the bubble at a higher rate than Nitrogen diffuses out.

Nitrogen narcosis occurs because the absorption of gases in the blood, especially nitrogen, increase at greater depths.

Nitrogen was first liquefied at the Jagiellonian University on 15 April 1883 by Polish physicists, Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski.

* Nitrogen at relatively high pressure tends to be used in surge arresters, due to its short build-up time, giving the tubes fast response time to voltage surges.

* Nitrogen oxides ( NO < sub > x </ sub >)-Generated when nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen at the high temperature and pressure inside the engine.

Nitrogen comprises 79 % of the air breathed by aerobic organisms, but at surface pressures it has no sedating effect.

The Mir and Salyut space stations contained an air-like Oxygen and Nitrogen mixture at approximately sea-level pressures 93. 1 kPa ( 13. 5psi ) to 129 kPa ( 18. 8 psi ) with an Oxygen content of 21 % to 40 %.

Additionally, substitution of a methyl group at the dimethylated Nitrogen with an isopropyl or ethyl group yields 4-HO-MIPT ( 4-Hydroxy-N-Methyl-N-Isopropyltryptamine ) and 4-HO-MET ( 4-Hydroxy-N-Methyl-N-Ethyltryptamine ), respectively.

Nitrogen is reduced to ammonia at an Fe-Mo-S cluster at the heart of the enzyme nitrogenase.

With this variation of PSA developed for use in Laboratory Nitrogen Generators generation of nitrogen gas is divided into two steps: in the first step, the compressed air is forced to pass through a carbon molecular sieve to produce nitrogen at a purity of approximately 98 %; in the second step this nitrogen is forced to pass into a second carbon molecular sieve and the nitrogen gas reaches a final purity up to 99. 999 %.

Scientific-research groups act at each of these chairs, included in five scientific-research laboratories: General Biology, Biochemistry of Nitrogen Compounds, Biology and Biotechnology of Fungi, Biophysics of Subcellular Structures and a joint laboratory with YSU Faculty of Physics on Structural Biophysics.

Nitrogen deficiency in plants can occur when organic matter with high carbon content, such as sawdust, is added to soil.

Fungi which break down wood require a Nitrogen source since wood is primarily comprised solely of hemi-cellulose, cellulose, and ligin and lacks nitrogen, and these plants are heavy feeders with high nitrogen requirements typically.

Nitrogen generator units employ the PSA technique to produce high purity nitrogen gas ( 99. 5 % or greater ) from a supply of compressed air.

Nitrogen is particularly suspect in this regard, and may be causing measurable changes to the distribution and abundance of some Ericaceous species.

Nitrogen has contributed to severe eutrophication problems in some water bodies.

Some US Military aircraft still use Nitrogen based foam inerting systems, and some companies will ship containers of fuel with an ullage system across train routes.

Nitrogen has been shown to be effective, although some young animals are rather resistant and it currently is not widely used.

It also contains small amounts of ethane, propane, butane, some heavier alkanes, and Nitrogen.

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes, opened for signature on 31 October 1988 and entered into force on 14 February 1991, was to provide for the control or reduction of nitrogen oxides and their transboundary fluxes.

Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen ( N < sub > 2 </ sub >) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia ( NH < sub > 3 </ sub >).

Nitrogen fixation, natural and synthetic, is essential for all forms of life because nitrogen is required to biosynthesize basic building blocks of plants, animals and other life forms, e. g., nucleotides for DNA and RNA and amino acids for proteins.

Nitrogen fixation also refers to other biological conversions of nitrogen, such as its conversion to nitrogen dioxide.

Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria in coral reefs can fix twice the amount of nitrogen than on land — around 1. 8 kg of nitrogen is fixed per hectare per day.

* Nitrogen Catabolite Repression, a cellular process regulating synthesis of nitrogen metabolic proteins in yeast

Nitrogen is generally used for this purpose, resulting in a vent gas primarily composed of monomers and nitrogen.

* Nitrogen oxides, such as nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen is not readily available in soil because N < sub > 2 </ sub >, a gaseous form of nitrogen, is very stable and unavailable directly to higher plants.

Nitrogen is present in the environment in a wide variety of chemical forms including organic nitrogen, ammonium ( NH < sub > 4 </ sub >< sup >+</ sup >), nitrite ( NO < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup >-</ sup >), nitrate ( NO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup >-</ sup >), nitrous oxide ( N < sub > 2 </ sub > O ), nitric oxide ( NO ) or inorganic nitrogen gas ( N < sub > 2 </ sub >).

Nitrogen cannot be utilized by phytoplankton as N < sub > 2 </ sub > so it must undergo nitrogen fixation which is performed predominately by cyanobacteria.

Nitrogen entering the euphotic zone is referred to as new nitrogen because it is newly arrived from outside the productive layer.

Nitrogen has an isotope N15 ( N14 is the most common isotope ) called heavy nitrogen.

* Nitrogen fixation — plants that fix nitrogen in the ground, making it available to other plants

It constists of a cobalt ( II ) ion coordinated by four nitrogen atoms of a corrin rings and a fifth Nitrogen atom from an imidazole group.

Nitrogen oxide can refer to a binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or a mixture of such compounds:

* Nitrogen dioxide ( NO < sub > 2 </ sub >), nitrogen ( IV ) oxide

* Nitrogen narcosis, an effect of diving deep with nitrogen