The Anapanasati Sutta and Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta each affirm that a person first needs to practice meditation ( jnana ) to purify the mind of the five hindrances to insight before contemplating the Four Noble Truths, which begin with the nature of " dukkha " in life.

The Four Noble Truths deal with the nature of " dukkha " in life, what is the cause of " dukkha ", the cessation ( cure ) for " dukkha ", and the techniques to bring about the cessation of " dukkha ".

If we study the Four Noble Truths with the help of these references and explanations, we get a fairly good and accurate account of the essential teachings of the Buddha according to the original texts.

With the growing acquaintance in the western world with Buddhism, new interpretations and understandings of the Four Noble Truths have been given.

* Lessing ’ s Emilia Galotti, with footnotes and vocabulary ; New York, Hinds & Noble, 1899.

There he founded Heinz Noble & Company with a friend, L. Clarence Noble, and began marketing horseradish.

There he founded Heinz Noble & Company with a friend, L. Clarence Noble, and began marketing horseradish.

Crawfurd and Hunt routinely accused those who disagreed with them of believing in " Rousseau ’ s Noble Savage ".

Australian captain Bill Woodfull ( left ) with Monty Noble ( centre ) and Tim Wall ( right )

Noble metals ( such as gold or platinum ) are prized because they resist direct chemical combination with oxygen, and substances like gold ( III ) oxide must be generated by indirect routes.

Percival graduated from the Noble and Greenough School in 1872 and Harvard University in 1876 with distinction in mathematics.

After interfering with Skuld's budding relationship with Sentaro, Noble Scarlet returned to her egg form as per Skuld's instruction (" If you do that again, you'll have to go back to your egg .").

Some time later, Skuld threw together a device with the intent of boosting her powers to the point that she could control and regain Noble Scarlet.

The company of " Noble Bowmen " was recruited in the later 14th century from among the younger aristocracy and served aboard both war-galleys and as armed merchantmen, with the privilege of sharing the captain's cabin.

Ethnomusicologist Ter Ellingson believes that Dryden had picked up the expression " noble savage " from a 1609 travelogue about Canada by the French explorer Marc Lescarbot, in which there was a chapter with the ironic heading: " The Savages are Truly Noble ", meaning simply that they enjoyed the right to hunt game, a privilege in France granted only to hereditary aristocrats.

Crawfurd and Hunt routinely accused those who disagreed with them of believing in " Rousseau's Noble Savage ".

According to Ellingson, Fairchild ends his book with a denunciation of the ( always unnamed ) believers in primitivism or " The Noble Savage " -- whom he feels are threatening to unleash the dark forces of irrationality on civilization.

He notes that text books with a painting of a handsome Native American ( such as the one one by Benjamin West on this page ) are even given to school children with the cautionary caption, " A painting of a Noble Savage ".

In 1831 Nicholas restricted the votes in the Noble Assembly to those with over 100 serfs, leaving 21, 916 voters.

Terence Iles who succeeded Herbert Noble as Headmaster was most active in organising various extracurricular activities with a view to developing students'all-roundedness.

* James, Brian: " The Dream that Wouldn't Die ", an account of John H. Noble ’ s experiences in Buchenwald under Soviet Rule and the Soviet camp system in the 1950s, in You Magazine delivered with ( The Mail on Sunday / Daily Mail ), August 1992.

* Clarence Edward Noble Macartney, a conservative Presbyterian pastor and author

* Macartney, Clarence Edward Noble.

It was during his school career that Macartney was noticed by incumbent Australian captain Monty Noble, who heaped praise on him in a newspaper article.

In one match for his state against an Australian XI, Macartney took a total of 5 / 123, including the wickets of Trumper and Australian Test captains Noble and Joe Darling.

Noble ( 0 / 22 from 13 overs ) tied down the batsman, allowing Macartney to attack at batsman at the other end.

With Australia needing 274 runs to win in the second innings, Noble decided that Macartney's first innings effort warranted promotion to act as Trumper's opening partner.

The initial opening of the Plaza ( which included Barnes & Noble, H & M, California Pizza Kitchen, Cosi, Kona Grill, and P. F.

Noble stand completed in 1994 and the opening of the NSW Cricket Centre in 1997.

Although he continued to work on stage ( notably in the National Theatre's The Mysteries in 1986 ), film ( The Fruit Machine in 1988, aka Wonderland in the USA and Henry V ), and television ( notably in the role of Abner Brown in the 1984 BBC TV dramatisation of the children's classic The Box of Delights and as the Master of an Oxford college in an episode of Inspector Morse ), it was not until the 1990s that he re-established himself at the forefront of his profession, when the Royal Shakespeare Company invited him to play Falstaff in Henry IV for director Adrian Noble ( opening April 1991 ), the title roles in Julius Caesar ( director Stephen Pimlott ) later in the year and then King Lear, again for Noble, in May 1993.

In 1822 Jerome moved his business to Bristol, opening a small shop with his brother Noble, producing 30 hour and eight-day wooden clocks.

And now it aids the Muslims in every place with financial help, building Islamic centres and masaajid, sending du ’ aat, printing books foremost amongst them-the Noble Qur ’ aan, opening centres of learning and Sharee ’ ah colleges, and also it rules by the Islamic Sharee ’ ah and has an independent body for enjoining good and forbidding evil in every town.

With business partner Les Goldman, Jones started an independent animation studio Sib Tower 12 Productions, bringing on most of his unit from Warner Bros., including Maurice Noble and Michael Maltese.

* Jeff Cooper, American trader and secret partner to the Noble House

He retired in 1843 from his position as senior partner in the Charing Cross bank and published a History of Noble British Families in 1846.

His action was described by his team-mate and bowling partner, Monty Noble, as " sidelong and insinuating, with his neck craned like a gigantic bird ".

Ray Noble was also an arranger who scored many record hits in the 1930s: Mad About the Boy ( 1932 ), Paris in the Spring ( 1935 ) and Easy to Love ( 1936 ),

Noble, whose first-class form had earned him selection, scored 17 in Australia's only innings of 520, then took one wicket as England stumbled to 315 all out.

Noble nevertheless scored 2, 084 runs at 44. 34 across the entire tour.

He and Victor Trumper shared a partnership of 298 in 69 minutes, and Monty Noble helped him to score 50 runs in 9 minutes as the Australian team scored 922 for nine.

* Most wickets – Monty Noble 37 @ 20. 64 ( BB 6 – 91 )

Noble died in a London hospice aged 37.

* BBC writer Ivan Noble dies at 37, includes a link to a 2004 videotaped interview