Nordau also witnessed the Paris mob outside the École Militaire crying " à morts les juifs!

* July 29 – Max Nordau, Austrian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader ( d. 1923 )

Max Simon Nordau ( July 29, 1849 – January 23, 1923 ), born Simon Maximilian Südfeld in Pest, Hungary, was a Zionist leader, physician, author, and social critic.

* January 23 – Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader ( b. 1849 )

The term Entartung ( or " degeneracy ") had gained currency in Germany by the late 19th century when the critic and author Max Nordau devised the theory presented in his 1892 book, Entartung.

Nordau drew upon the writings of the criminologist Cesare Lombroso, whose The Criminal Man, published in 1876, attempted to prove that there were " born criminals " whose atavistic personality traits could be detected by scientifically measuring abnormal physical characteristics.

Nordau developed from this premise a critique of modern art, explained as the work of those so corrupted and enfeebled by modern life that they have lost the self-control needed to produce coherent works.

Despite the fact that Nordau was Jewish and a key figure in the Zionist movement ( Lombroso was also Jewish ), his theory of artistic degeneracy would be seized upon by German National Socialists during the Weimar Republic as a rallying point for their anti-Semitic and racist demand for Aryan purity in art.

Nordau was born Simon Maximilian, or Simcha Südfeld on 29 July 1849 in Budapest, then part of the Austrian Empire.

Nordau was an example of a fully assimilated and acculturated European Jew.

Nordau went on to play a major role in the World Zionist Organisation ; indeed Nordau's relative fame certainly helped bring attention to the Zionist movement.

James mocks the author on the grounds that he exemplifies the then current school of medical materialism, stating that Nordau " has striven to impugn the value of works of genius in a wholesale way ( such works of contemporary art, namely, as he himself is unable to enjoy, and they are many ) by using medical arguments.

Nordau saw in Jewish Emancipation the result of ' a regular equation: Every man is born with certain rights ; the Jews are human beings, consequently the Jews are born to own the rights of man.

Nordau cited England as an exception to this continental anti-Semitism that proved the rule.

Nordau also, at the 1898 Zionist Congress, coined the term " muscular Judaism " ( muskel-Judenthum ) as a descriptor of a Jewish culture and religion which directed its adherents to reach for certain moral and corporeal ideals which, through discipline, agility and strength, would result in a stronger, more physically assured Jew who would outshine the long-held stereotype of the weak, intellectually sustained Jew.

Nordau was central to the Zionist Congresses which played such a vital part in shaping what Zionism would become.

It was Nordau, convinced that Zionism had to at least appear democratic, despite the impossibility of representing all Jewish groups, who persuaded Herzl of the need for an assembly.

" There would be eleven such Congresses in all, the first, which Nordau organised, was in Basle, 29 – 31 August 1897.

Indeed the fact that Max Nordau, the trenchant essayist and journalist, was a Jew came as a revelation for many.

Herzl obviously took centre stage, making the first speech at the Congress ; Nordau followed him with an assessment of the Jewish condition in Europe.

Nordau used statistics to paint a portrait of the dire straits of Eastern Jewry and also expressed his belief in the destiny of Jewish people as a democratic nation state, free of what he saw as the constraints of Emancipation.

Whereas Herzl favoured the idea of an elite forming policy, Nordau insisted the Congress have a democratic nature of some sort, calling for votes on key topics.

Nordau was also a staunch eugenicist.

As the 20th century progressed, Nordau seemed increasingly irrelevant as a cultural critic.

Nordau, in comparison, seemed very much a creature of the late 19th century.

Alexander died at Paris on August 21, 1245.

Berthe Morisot died of pneumonia contracted while attending to her daughter Julie's similar illness on March 2, 1895, in Paris and was interred in the Cimetière de Passy.

Gravely ill by November of that year, he died in Paris on December 6, at the age of 80.

Pissarro died in Paris on 13 November 1903 and was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Diderot died of gastrointestinal problems in Paris on July 31, 1784, and was buried in the city's Église Saint-Roch.

When Domitian found out, he allegedly murdered Paris in the street and promptly divorced his wife, with Suetonius further adding that once Domitia was exiled, Domitian took Julia as his mistress, who later died during a failed abortion.

By the time David died, the painting had been completed and the commissioner Ambroise Firmin-Didot brought it back to Paris to include it in the exhibition " Pour les grecs " that he had organised and which opened in Paris in April 1826.

He died at the age of fifty-one in Paris in 1883, and was buried in the Cimetière de Passy in the city.

When his grandmother died in 1878, the two brothers were reunited with their father in Paris, who remarried ( a piano teacher ) shortly afterwards.

His condition affected him for the rest of his life, until he died on March 28, 1903, at Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, near Paris, at the age of 57.

Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano, marquis de Sotelo, was born on February 19, 1770 in Valence and died on August 8, 1848 in Paris.

He died in 1843 at the age of 51 in Paris.

He returned to Europe for a reunion with Hergé in 1981, and settled in Paris in 1985, where he died in 1998.

While taking a morning walk on the estate of the marquis René Louis de Girardin at Ermenonville ( 28 miles northeast of Paris ), Rousseau suffered a hemorrhage and died, aged 66.

He died of renal failure in Boulogne-sur-Seine ( Paris ) on May 11, 1927, at the age of 40, leaving a wife, Josette, and a son, Georges.

Jacques-Yves Cousteau died on 25 June 1997 in Paris, aged 87.

Sartre died 15 April 1980 in Paris from edema of the lung.

died: Paris, Francia

Marcel Achard died of diabetes in his Paris home two months after his 75th birthday.

Fayed's son, Dodi, from his first marriage to Samira Khashoggi, died in a car crash in the Pont de l ' Alma tunnel in Paris along with Diana, Princess of Wales and driver Henri Paul on 31 August 1997.

However, on 31 August 1997, Diana and Dodi died in a car crash in the Pont de l ' Alma tunnel in Paris.

She died at Ville-d ' Avray, near Paris, in her " Villa La Cenerentola ", and was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery.

* Genovefa, virgin of Paris ( died 502 )

The last was written over a year before he died, signed at the Swedish – Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895.