Despite the fact that Nordau was Jewish and a key figure in the Zionist movement ( Lombroso was also Jewish ), his theory of artistic degeneracy would be seized upon by German National Socialists during the Weimar Republic as a rallying point for their anti-Semitic and racist demand for Aryan purity in art.

Max Simon Nordau ( July 29, 1849 – January 23, 1923 ), born Simon Maximilian Südfeld in Pest, Hungary, was a Zionist leader, physician, author, and social critic.

Nordau was born Simon Maximilian, or Simcha Südfeld on 29 July 1849 in Budapest, then part of the Austrian Empire.

Nordau was an example of a fully assimilated and acculturated European Jew.

It was Nordau, convinced that Zionism had to at least appear democratic, despite the impossibility of representing all Jewish groups, who persuaded Herzl of the need for an assembly.

" There would be eleven such Congresses in all, the first, which Nordau organised, was in Basle, 29 – 31 August 1897.

Indeed the fact that Max Nordau, the trenchant essayist and journalist, was a Jew came as a revelation for many.

Nordau was also a staunch eugenicist.

One was the liberal or utilitarian school of Herzl and Nordau.

On May 13, 1946, the ship Max Nordau, carrying 1, 754 immigrants, was captured by the British destroyers HMS Jervis and HMS Chequers.

Nordau blamed modern social phenomena for creating pathological conditions under which unacceptable art was produced.

In Hungary, Hebrew-language authors included Solomon Lewison of Moor ( 1789 – 1822 ), author of " Melitzat Yeshurun "; Gabriel Südfeld, a poet who was the father of Max Nordau ; and the poet Simon Bacher.

* January 23 – Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader ( b. 1849 )

* July 29 – Max Nordau, Austrian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader ( d. 1923 )

Nordau went on to play a major role in the World Zionist Organisation ; indeed Nordau's relative fame certainly helped bring attention to the Zionist movement.

Nordau also, at the 1898 Zionist Congress, coined the term " muscular Judaism " ( muskel-Judenthum ) as a descriptor of a Jewish culture and religion which directed its adherents to reach for certain moral and corporeal ideals which, through discipline, agility and strength, would result in a stronger, more physically assured Jew who would outshine the long-held stereotype of the weak, intellectually sustained Jew.

Der Kulturkritiker, Arzt und Zionist Max Nordau.

James mocks the author on the grounds that he exemplifies the then current school of medical materialism, stating that Nordau " has striven to impugn the value of works of genius in a wholesale way ( such works of contemporary art, namely, as he himself is unable to enjoy, and they are many ) by using medical arguments.

Nordau used statistics to paint a portrait of the dire straits of Eastern Jewry and also expressed his belief in the destiny of Jewish people as a democratic nation state, free of what he saw as the constraints of Emancipation.

* Michael Stanislawski, Zionism and the Fin de Siècle: Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism from Nordau to Jabotinsky, University of California Press 2001

The term Entartung ( or " degeneracy ") had gained currency in Germany by the late 19th century when the critic and author Max Nordau devised the theory presented in his 1892 book, Entartung.

Nordau drew upon the writings of the criminologist Cesare Lombroso, whose The Criminal Man, published in 1876, attempted to prove that there were " born criminals " whose atavistic personality traits could be detected by scientifically measuring abnormal physical characteristics.

Nordau developed from this premise a critique of modern art, explained as the work of those so corrupted and enfeebled by modern life that they have lost the self-control needed to produce coherent works.

Nordau saw in Jewish Emancipation the result of ' a regular equation: Every man is born with certain rights ; the Jews are human beings, consequently the Jews are born to own the rights of man.

Nordau cited England as an exception to this continental anti-Semitism that proved the rule.

Herzl obviously took centre stage, making the first speech at the Congress ; Nordau followed him with an assessment of the Jewish condition in Europe.

Whereas Herzl favoured the idea of an elite forming policy, Nordau insisted the Congress have a democratic nature of some sort, calling for votes on key topics.

As the 20th century progressed, Nordau seemed increasingly irrelevant as a cultural critic.

Nordau, in comparison, seemed very much a creature of the late 19th century.

Nordau died in Paris, France in 1923.

It was over an hour before their escape was discovered, but still the news that Barton was free flashed across the central portion of the state.

The family estate was situated near Vadstena on Lake Vattern in south central Sweden.

It was hit by a shell fired by the bombarding Venetian army and the great central portion of the temple was blown to smithereens.

In 1951 the pool's operation was transferred to the newly-created Department of Administration, an agency established as the central staff and auxiliary department of the state government.

One of the most beautiful buildings in Istanbul, it was constructed in the early years of the Seventeenth Century, with a huge central dome, two half domes that seem to cascade down from it, and smaller full domes around the gallery.

Microscopically, there was hyperemia of the central veins, and there was some atrophy of adjacent parenchyma.

At the central level the scrutin uninominal voting system was selected over some form of the scrutin de liste system, even though the latter had been recommended by Duverger and favored by all political parties.

Thus the Congress marks a formal recognition of the political system that was central to world politics for a century.

At the very first, then, Brumidi was required, by the classically pyramidal shape of his central group, to fill in the triangular space above the seated girl on Liberty's right, before starting on the allegorical figures themselves.

The trial will be held, probably the first week of March, in the famous Old Bailey central criminal court where Klaus Fuchs, the naturalized British German born scientist who succeeded in giving American and British atomic bomb secrets to Russia and thereby changed world history during the 1950s, was sentenced to 14 years in prison.

Our endeavor to capture even a faint sense of how strenuous was the fight is muffled by our indifference to the very issue which in the Boston of 1848 seemed to be the central hope of its Christian survival, that of the literal, factual historicity of the miracles as reported in the Four Gospels.

Her permanent titanium shell was recessed behind an even more indestructible barrier in the central shaft of the scout ship.

In Greek mythology, Achilles (, Akhilleus, ) was a Greek hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the greatest warrior of Homer's Iliad.

By contrast, the National Union Party was united and energized as Lincoln made emancipation the central issue, and state Republican parties stressed the perfidy of the Copperheads.

Altruism was central to the teachings of Jesus found in the Gospel, especially in the Sermon on the Mount and the Sermon on the Plain.

Others suggest the alphabet was developed in central Egypt during the 15th century BC for or by Semitic workers, but only one of these early writings has been deciphered and their exact nature remains open to interpretation.

In 1911, Ernest Rutherford gave a model of the atom in which a central core held most of the atom's mass and a positive charge which, in units of the electron's charge, was to be approximately equal to half of the atom's atomic weight, expressed in numbers of hydrogen atoms.

This central charge would thus be approximately half the atomic weight ( though it was almost 25 % off the figure for the atomic number in gold ( Z = 79, A = 197 ), the single element from which Rutherford made his guess ).

Nevertheless, in spite of Rutherford's estimation that gold had a central charge of about 100 ( but was element Z = 79 on the periodic table ), a month after Rutherford's paper appeared, Antonius van den Broek first formally suggested that the central charge and number of electrons in an atom was exactly equal to its place in the periodic table ( also known as element number, atomic number, and symbolized Z ).