Oscar Dickson, along with Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Sibiryakov, had been the patron of a number of early Arctic expeditions, including Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld's Russian Arctic explorations.

One year before Nordenskiöld's voyage, commercial exploitation of a section of the route started with the so-called Kara expeditions, exporting Siberian agricultural produce via the Kara Sea.

Meanwhile he served in the British Royal Navy 1857 – 1861, participating in campaigns against pirates in the South China Sea, and took part in one of Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld's North Pole expeditions in 1868, as commander of the expedition ship Sofia.

This issue celebrates the 175th anniversary of Nordenskiöld's birth and his discovery of the northern sea route.

Nordenskiöld's initial discovery occurred as a result an examination of a newly found mineral sample he had received from Count Lev Alekseevich Perovskii ( 1792 – 1856 ), which he identified it as emerald at first.

On 28 September 1878, during Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld's expedition that made the whole length of the Northeast passage for the first time in history, the steamship Vega got stuck in fast ice in the Chukchi Sea.

Nordenskiöld's line tends to run to the north of Köppen's near the west coasts of the Northern Hemisphere continents, south of it in the interior sections, and at about the same latitude along the east coasts of both Asia and North America.

In the Southern Hemisphere, all of Tierra del Fuego lies outside the polar region in Nordenskiöld's system, but part of the island ( including Ushuaia, Argentina ) is reckoned as being within the Antarctic under Köppen's.

Nordenskiöld's father, Nils Gustav Nordenskiöld, was a prominent Finnish mineralogist, civil servant, and traveller.

Another categorization, offered by Karel Vasak, is that there are three generations of human rights: first-generation civil and political rights ( right to life and political participation ), second-generation economic, social and cultural rights ( right to subsistence ) and third-generation solidarity rights ( right to peace, right to clean environment ).

Luxembourg's participation in various UN, EU and NATO missions is drawn from Compagnie D. As a rifle company, it mirrors Compagnie A in organisation, with a command element and three reconnaissance platoons.

Politics in Saudi Arabia, outside of the royal family, can be examined in three contexts: the extent to which the royal family allows political participation by the wider Saudi society, opposition to the regime, and Islamist terrorism.

In 1993 Karimov's concern about the spread of Islamic fundamentalism spurred Uzbekistan's participation in the multinational CIS peacekeeping force sent to quell the civil war in nearby Tajikistan-a force that remained in place three years later because of continuing hostilities.

He initially approached the British three different times, including through his wife ( though Pujol edited her participation out of his memoirs ), but they showed no interest in employing him as a spy.

Beginning with a detachment of 11 personnel from UDT 3, UDT participation expanded to three teams with a combined strength of 300 men.

" Good friends in three countries " ( 1938 ): Japanese propaganda postcard celebrating the participation of Italy in the Anti-Comintern Pact on November 6, 1937.

However, in the 1987 – 1988 academic year, the U. S. joint services began participation with three U. S. Air Force graduates ; officers from the U. S. Navy and U. S. Marine Corps followed in the next two years.

Within this strategic orientation, focus is retained on the academic programme and, more specifically, on three axes of work, namely: Attitude and Behaviour, centred both on academic factors and on increasing the competitiveness of degree courses, in the constant pursuit of quality, excellence and merit ; Research for Chile which seeks in-depth commitment and involvement with the country aimed at achieving insertion, integration and participation between the Public-and Private Sectors, in which academic research and findings based upon truth, goodness and the beauty of human beings, society and nature aspire to contribute to the formation of social innovators of vision and realism ; and The Development of International Links which, through the differentiation of professors and students from a Latin American perspective, endeavours to work in foreign markets ( student and academic staff exchanges ).

These three characteristics are participation – widespread participation in the decision making process by the people effected ; deliberation – a rational discussion where all major points of view are weighted according to evidence ; and equality – all members of the population on whose behalf decisions are taken have an equal chance of having their views taken into account.

Traditionally these views tend to fall into three main families, which can be called the outcomes model, the balancing model, and the participation model.

Nevertheless, Push associates regularly assisted in organising and turning out for street demonstrations, e. g., against South African apartheid and in support of victims of the 1960 Sharpeville massacre ; against the initial refusal of immigration minister Alexander Downer, Sr. to grant political asylum to three Portuguese merchant seamen who jumped ship in Darwin ; and against Australia's participation in the Vietnam War.

The club has recently been awarded FA Charter Standard status as an adult club and has ambitious plans to increase participation in the game in the next three years.

Inspired by Laila Ali's participation in the sport and eager to avenge the losses her father suffered at the hands of Ali's father, Muhammad Ali in two of their three fights, Frazier-Lyde began her career on February 6 of that year, knocking out Teela Reese in one round.

As a result, the " Ken Norton Rule " was instituted in Illinois high school sports which limits participation of an athlete to a maximum of three track and field events.

Most prominent among his recordings ( aside from his participation in recordings of My Fair Lady ) are those of three series of monologues that he made at invervals throughout his career.

The PC was inducted to the USAFFE and was organized into three infantry regiments for participation in the defense of the country.

In the introduction, Goffman identifies three underlying themes in each essay: “ ritualization, participation framework, and embedding .” Goffman ’ s first essay, “ Replies and Responses ” talks about “ conversational dialogue ,” and the way people respond both linguistic and nonlinguistic actions during a conversation. The next essay entitled, “ Response Cries ,” looks at the use of utterances and their social implications of these cries in different social contexts.

Requirements include attendance at a religious service, participation in at least three daily devotionals and leading Grace before a meal.

The Liberal Arts Honors Program was created in 1957 and accepts approximately the top 125 students in each freshman class, offering three levels of academic scholarships for participation in the program.

Two years later, Egypt hosted the second ANC in Cairo with the participation of these same three teams.

The increased amount of $ 100, 000 will be awarded as follows: CAD $ 10, 000 to each of the seven shortlisted – four international and three Canadian – for their participation in the shortlist readings.

For his participation in that show, he has earned three Emmy awards.

In 1971-1972 there were 294, 015 females participating in high school athletics and in 2007-2008 there were over three million females participating, meaning there has been a 940 % increase in female participation in high school athletics.

* active participation in, co-ordination of and incentives for mineral fuels exploration ( see geological survey ) and other energy-related research and development

Robert's earlier participation in combat at the battles of Halidon and Neville's Cross, according to Donaldson, had made him wary of sanctioning military expeditions against the English and that any such actions by his barons were concealed from him.

The participation of radio amateurs in geographical expeditions was resumed after World War II, e. g. the participation of Bob Leo, W6PBV, in the Gatti-Hallicrafters expedition in Africa of 1948.

Between 1902 and 1910, he financed 3 expeditions to Central Asia although his participation was stopped for his succession.

The Truthful History of the Conquest of New Spain ( Spanish: Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España ) is the first-person narrative of Bernal Díaz del Castillo ( 1492 – 1581 ), the 16th-century military adventurer, conquistador, and colonist settler, who served in three Mexican expeditions ; that of Francisco Hernández de Córdoba ( 1517 ) to the Yucatán peninsula ; the expedition of Juan de Grijalva ( 1518 ), and the expedition of Hernán Cortés ( 1519 ) in the Valley of Mexico ; the history relates his participation in the fall of Emperor Moctezuma II, and the subsequent defeat of the Aztec empire.

Named by US-ACAN for the city of Dunedin, New Zealand which over the years has had a close association with Antarctic expeditions ; also in recognition of the friendship and cooperation of its citizens with American participation in the U. S. Antarctic Research Program.

Hans Hass was generally opposed to the participation of a woman on his expeditions.

The process of converting to Catholicism involves religious education followed by initial participation in the sacraments.

A transition period ( 1886 – 90 ) followed, during which politicians began recovering lost ground and some civilian participation in government occurred.

This visit, followed by a second meeting in November 2001, a meeting in New York in September 2003, and President Bouteflika's participation at the June 2004 G8 Sea Island Summit, is indicative of the growing relationship between the United States and Algeria.

The event is followed by a festive meal, and guests in some places are given cloves of garlic and cubes of sugar to take home: these strongly flavored foods can be used to flavor a large quantity of food which will in some sense extend the mitzvah of participation in the ceremony to all who eat them.

The Jordans ' participation in Look Who's Laughing was set up in the Fibber McGee & Molly episode " Amusement Park " ( 6 / 17 / 41 ), in which Gale Gordon played an RKO pictures representative who followed the McGees around the amusement park and chose the McGees as a representative American couple to star in a movie with Edger Bergen and Charlie McCarthy.

New Brighton's first place finish followed years of work by the Police Division's Crime Prevention Unit to build a strong network of neighborhood crime watch captains and agency volunteers and to promote participation in National Night Out by citizens from all segments of the community.

They involve a short lecture on some subject followed by some interactive participation of the attendants.

He followed the drosophilists as the first genetic maps emerged from Morgan's experiments, and joined Morgan's group in 1912 ( after two years of informal participation ).

Mainland China remained on the sidelines through the decades that followed with only a minimal degree of participation in popular music.

Studies involve two years of coursework, including rigorous on-line writing requirements based upon a structured reading list, and two three-week summer seminars in Switzerland, during which students are evaluated for their active participation in nine hours of seminars and lectures each day with visiting professors, philosophers, filmmakers, and artists and spend their final three years writing a thesis or dissertation, followed by a traditional oral defense.

Though Volhynian Polish participation in the German Police followed UPA attacks on Polish settlements, it provided the Ukrainian Nationalists with useful sources of propaganda and was used as a justification for the cleansing action.

The ACLU followed this up with simultaneous information requests in Connecticut, Michigan, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania for information about those states ' participation in Matrix.

The Patriarch's partial participation in the Eucharistic liturgy at which the Pope presided followed the program of the past visits of Patriarch Dimitrios ( 1987 ) and Patriarch Bartholomew I himself: full participation in the Liturgy of the Word, joint proclamation by the Pope and by the Patriarch of the profession of faith according to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed in Greek and as the conclusion, the final Blessing imparted by both the Pope and the Patriarch at the Altar of the Confessio.

assisted with the administrative suit on behalf of victims of the illegal brick kilns ; followed the Zhongguancun demolition and relocation case ; launched various citizen participation activities.

French historiography, followed by most historians had always avoided addressing the issue of participation of exiled Spanish republican refugees from the Spanish Civil War, until in 2004 the City of Paris paid public homage to such participation, including the placement of a plaque in their memory.

The following year began with Puerto Rico earning its fifth silver medal at the 2007 Pan American Games, followed by the team's first participation in a CaribeBasket tournament, debuting against Trinidad & Tobago.

This interpretation is also followed by the early Greek Fathers such as John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia It is through this verse that the female leaders are reminded of their role in the diaconate and confirmed in their active participation in the offices of the church.

Most of these followed a talk show format, with varying numbers of guests and varying degree and manner of audience participation.

The recording was followed by the slicker rockabilly revival style of Blow Your Top, without Chilton's participation, and in 1984, the Jim Dickinson-produced Sugar Ditch Revisited album was recorded, featuring a more subdued playing style by Chilton along with New Orleans bassist René Coman.

A humorous monologue by Linkletter could be followed by an audience participation quiz to win prizes, musical groups, informal celebrity interviews and guest speakers from assorted walks of life.

Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Sierra, 1st Marquis of Queipo de Llano ( February 5, 1875 – March 9, 1951 ) was a Spanish Army Officer known for his participation in Francisco Franco's coup d ' état against the Spanish Republic ; the coup led to the Spanish Civil War and de Llano was also involved in the repression that followed Franco's victory.