* Alexandra Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Icelandic, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Swedish

* Sandra Croatian, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, German, Icelandic, Latvian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish Polish

* In Germanic languages, except English, East Sea is used: Afrikaans ( Oossee ), Danish ( Østersøen ), Dutch ( Oostzee ), German ( Ostsee ), Icelandic and Faroese ( Eystrasalt ), Norwegian ( Østersjøen ), and Swedish ( Östersjön ).

Bornholmsk retains three grammatical genders, like Icelandic and most dialects of Norwegian, but unlike standard Danish.

Examples of cognates in Indo-European languages are the words night ( English ), nuit ( French ), Nacht ( German ), nacht ( Dutch ), nag ( Afrikaans ), nicht ( Scots ), natt ( Swedish, Norwegian ), nat ( Danish ), nátt ( Faroese ), nótt ( Icelandic ), noc ( Czech, Slovak, Polish ), ночь, noch ( Russian ), ноќ, noć ( Macedonian ), нощ, nosht ( Bulgarian ), ніч, nich ( Ukrainian ), ноч, noch / noč ( Belarusian ), noč ( Slovene ), noć ( Serbo-Croatian ), νύξ, nyx ( Ancient Greek, νύχτα / nyhta in Modern Greek ), nox ( Latin ), nakt-( Sanskrit ), natë ( Albanian ), noche ( Spanish ), nos ( Welsh ), nueche ( Asturian ), noite ( Portuguese and Galician ), notte ( Italian ), nit ( Catalan ), noapte ( Romanian ), nakts ( Latvian ) and naktis ( Lithuanian ), all meaning " night " and derived from the Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ), " night ".

Another Indo-European example is star ( English ), str-( Sanskrit ), tara ( Hindi-Urdu ), étoile ( French ), ἀστήρ ( astēr ) ( Greek or ἀστέρι / ἄστρο, asteri / astro in Modern Greek ), stella ( Italian ), aster ( Latin ) stea ( Romanian and Venetian ), stairno ( Gothic ), astl ( Armenian ), Stern ( German ), ster ( Dutch and Afrikaans ), starn ( Scots ), stjerne ( Norwegian and Danish ), stjarna ( Icelandic ), stjärna ( Swedish ), stjørna ( Faroese ), setāre ( Persian ), stoorei ( Pashto ), seren ( Welsh ), steren ( Cornish ), estel ( Catalan ), estrella Spanish, estrella Asturian and Leonese, estrela ( Portuguese and Galician ) and estêre or stêrk ( Kurdish ), from the PIE, " star ".

The situation remains similar in modern Faroese and Icelandic, but in Danish, Norwegian and Swedish, the enclitics have become endings.

The Icelandic Commonwealth or the Icelandic Free State ( Icelandic: Þjóðveldið ) was the state existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king in 1262.

Danish, together with Swedish, derives from the East Norse dialect group, while the old Norwegian dialects before the influence of Danish and Bokmål is classified as a West Norse language together with Faroese and Icelandic.

A more recent classification based on mutual intelligibility separates modern spoken Danish, Norwegian and Swedish into a Mainland Scandinavian group while Icelandic and Faroese are placed in a separate category labelled Insular Scandinavian.

A draugr, draug or ( Icelandic ) draugur ( original Old Norse plural draugar, as used here, not " draugrs "), or draugen ( Norwegian, Swedish and Danish, meaning " the draug "), also known as aptrganga (" afturgöngur " in modern Icelandic ) ( literally " after-walker ", or " one who walks after death ") is an undead creature from Norse mythology, a subset of Germanic mythology.

Other languages also have a separate word for a full day, such as vuorokausi in Finnish, ööpäev in Estonian, dygn in Swedish, døgn in Danish, døgn in Norwegian, sólarhringur in Icelandic, etmaal in Dutch, doba in Polish, сутки ( sutki ) in Russian, суткі ( sutki ) in Belarusian, доба ́ ( doba ) in Ukrainian, денонощие in Bulgarian and יממה in Hebrew.

In Dutch, Easter is known as Pasen and in the Scandinavian languages Easter is known as påske ( Danish and Norwegian ), påsk ( Swedish ), páskar ( Icelandic ) and páskir ( Faeroese ).

The Norwegian expressions seldom appear in genuine folklore, and when they do, they are always used synonymous to huldrefolk or vetter, a category of earth-dwelling beings generally held to be more related to Norse dwarves than elves which is comparable to the Icelandic huldufólk ( hidden people ).

Below is the conjugation of the verb to be in the present tense ( of the infinitive, if it exists, and indicative moods ), in English, German, Dutch, Afrikaans, Icelandic, Swedish, Norwegian, Latvian, Bulgarian, Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian, Polish, Slovenian, Hindi, Persian, Latin, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Albanian, Armenian, Irish, Ancient Attic Greek and Modern Greek.

Edwige is a French version of the name ; Edvige is the Italian version ; Eduviges is the Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan version, all of them from the Latinized version ( Eduvigis is also common ), Hadewych is a Dutch version ; Hedvig is a Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish version.

Old Norse kenna ( Modern Icelandic kenna, Swedish känna, Danish kende, Norwegian kjenne or kjenna ) is cognate with Old English cennan, Old Frisian kenna, kanna, Old Saxon ( ant ) kennian ( Middle Dutch and Dutch kennen ), Old High German ( ir -, in -, pi -) chennan ( Middle High German and German kennen ), Gothic kannjan < Proto-Germanic * kannjanan, originally causative of * kunnanan “ to know ( how to )”, whence Modern English can ' to be able ' ( from the same Proto-Indo-European root as Modern English know and Latin-derived cognition ).

Kennings are virtually absent from the surviving corpus of continental West Germanic verse ; the Old Saxon Heliand contains only one example: lîk-hamo “ body-raiment ” = “ body ” ( Heliand 3453 b ), a compound which, in any case, is normal in West Germanic and North Germanic prose ( Old English līchama, Old High German lîchamo, lîchinamo, Dutch lichaam, Old Icelandic líkamr, líkami, Old Swedish līkhamber, Swedish lekamen, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål legeme, Norwegian Nynorsk lekam ).

For instance, dialects of Old Norse are the proto-language of Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Faroese and Icelandic.

The term is related to mad in Danish, mat in Swedish and Norwegian, and matur in Icelandic and Faroese, which also mean ' food '.

* West Norse, the modern languages of Norwegian, Faroese, and Icelandic

Category: Norwegian historians

The question of Rollo's origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's millennium anniversary in 1911.

The rule of King Haakon and his successors until 1319 has sometimes been called the golden age of the Norwegian medieval kingdom, by later historians.

Norwegian historians have held strongly differing views on Haakon's reign.

In 2010 a group of forty prominent historians ranked Jagland as the weakest Norwegian prime minister since the end of the Second World War ; two years before, his predecessor Gro Harlem Brundtland had criticized his premiership in harsh terms and described Jagland as " stupid ".

Some historians, notably Francis Sejersted attribute this in large part to the Norwegian Labour Party's exuberant continuation of social democratic efforts.

Category: Norwegian historians

Category: Norwegian historians

Hrólf, also called Ganger-Hrólf ( Gǫngu-Hrólfr ' Hrólf the walker '), Icelandic / Norwegian historians identify him as the Rollo who conquered Neustria which was then renamed as Normandy, but that identification seems very doubtful.

Although the army still did not represent the whole nation, as city residents were exempt from military duty, 1628 is generally regarded by historians as the year when the modern Norwegian army was born.

During the 19th century, Norwegian historians proposed that Norse seamen had found Svalbard in 1194.

Category: Norwegian historians

In 1903 the Norwegian Social-Democratic Youth League was formed, which the organization and historians consider to be the foundation of the organization.

Some historians have variously described Scolvus as a Norwegian pilot, Catalan corsair, Welsh shipmaster and Polish navigator.

Category: Norwegian historians

Category: Norwegian literary historians

Category: Norwegian historians

Category: Norwegian historians

Category: Norwegian historians

Two Norwegian historians ( Thorgeir Kolshus and Even Hovdhaugen, 2010 ) who have examined the evidence, say that there were various stories at the time and later about his death.

Traditionally Norwegian historians have interpreted this clear break with previous successions as stemming from dissatifaction among the Norwegian nobility with Norway's junior position in the union.

Category: Norwegian historians